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The article discusses the use of the PlasmaJet energy device in treating extra-mammary vulval Paget's disease (EMVPD), a rare intra-epithelial adenocarcinoma. The case study presented a 57-year-old female patient who underwent various treatments, including topical imiquimod, photodynamic therapy, and CO2 laser treatment, before trying the PlasmaJet device. The patient experienced marked improvement after three sessions of PlasmaJet treatment, with minimal post-operative complications. The article highlights the potential of energy devices like PlasmaJet as adjuncts for treating recalcitrant EMVPD, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing this condition. [Extracted from the article]

It has often been suggested that actual or anticipated final grades may influence the ratings given by students in student experience surveys but few studies have been able to test this using actual grades. A study was carried out involving six courses over all four year levels of an undergraduate engineering programme, where students were asked to identify themselves in an experience survey by providing their student ID on the survey form. The aim of the study was to investigate a number of questions related to the readiness of students to identify themselves, and to examine any correlation between final examination grades, ratings of student satisfaction and the students' perception of their level of understanding of material in their courses. Students were discovered to have a poor idea of how well they understand the concepts presented in their courses. This lack of an accurate idea of their own understanding is particularly important because "student understanding" correlated to the ratings they gave to the course. Ratings were largely unaffected by final marks but students who gave their ID outperformed those who did not in end-of-year examinations. Higher year level students were more inclined to identify themselves and ratings tended to increase with year level. (Contains 6 tables and 4 figures.)

Emily OC Palmer,1 Sheryl Ker,2 Miguel E Rentería,3 Thomas Carmody,4 A John Rush5,6 1Holmusk Europe Ltd, London, UK; 2KKT Technologies, Pte. Ltd, Singapore; 3QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; 4Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; 5Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; 6Clinical sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore, SingaporeCorrespondence: Emily OC Palmer, Holmusk Europe Ltd, 414 Linen Hall, 162-168 Regent St, London, W1B 5TE, UK, Email emily.palmer@holmusk.comPurpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. An accurate assessment of depressive symptomology is crucial for clinical management and research. This study assessed the convergent validity, reliability, and total scale score interconversion across the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) self-report, the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-clinician report (QIDS-C) (two widely used clinical ratings) and the 5-item Very Brief Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-clinician report (VQIDS-C), which evaluate the core features of MDD.Patients and Methods: This study leveraged electronic health record (EHR)-derived, de-identified data from the NeuroBlu Database (Version 23R1), a longitudinal behavioural health real-world platform. Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses were used to evaluate the reliability, validity of, and conversions between the scales. The Test Information Function (TIF) was calculated for each scale, with greater test information reflecting higher precision and reliability in measuring depressive symptomology. IRT was also used to generate conversion tables so that total scores on each scale could be compared to the other.Results: The study sample (n = 2,156) had an average age of 36.4 years (standard deviation [SD] = 13.0) and 59.7% were female. The mean depression scores for the PHQ-9, QIDS-C, and VQIDS-C were 12.9 (SD = 6.6), 12.0 (SD = 4.9), and 6.18 (SD = 3.2), respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for PHQ-9, QIDS-C, and VQIDS-C were 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively, suggesting acceptable internal consistency. PHQ-9 (TIF = 30.3) demonstrated the best assessment of depressive symptomology, followed by QIDS-C (TIF = 25.8) and VQIDS-C (TIF = 17.7).Conclusion: Overall, PHQ-9, QIDS-C, and VQIDS-C appear to be reliable and convertible measures of MDD symptomology within a US-based adult population in a real-world clinical setting.Keywords: psychometrics, linking, patient health questionnaire, quick inventory of depressive symptoms, depression, real-world data

The surface of the asteroid Vesta has prominent near-infrared absorption bands characteristic of a range of pyroxenes, confirming a direct link to the basaltic howardite-eucrite-diogenite class of meteorites (1,2,3). Processes [...]

The surface of the rubble‐pile asteroid (101955) Bennu has been characterized in detail by the OSIRIS‐REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) mission. By examining global and local digital terrain models, we observed that Bennu possesses terraces, that is, a series of roughly latitude‐parallel, step‐like slope breaks. These partially circumscribe the poles and extend east‐west over several longitudinal quadrants at mid‐ to high (≥30°) latitudes. The terraces are subtle in amplitude, with heights ranging from 1 to 5 m. They often exhibit back‐wasting that results in V‐shaped scarps that open downslope in some locations. When boulders >5–10 m are absent at or near a terrace, the steeper portion (the drop) of the terrace lacks rocks, whereas the flatter portion (the bench) of the terrace has accumulations of rocks at its crest. When boulders >5–10 m are present, their steep downslope faces often make up the drop from the terrace crest, and they retain debris upslope, thereby enhancing the terrace structure. A geotechnical stability analysis indicates that Bennu's surface is likely unstable and that surface cohesion is <0.6 Pa. Bennu's terraces strongly resemble scarps generated in laboratory and numerical simulations of a cohesionless granular bed as the slope of the bed increases quasi‐statically. We conclude that terraces are probably actively forming on Bennu as its surface slowly fails owing to creep induced by spin acceleration. Plain Language Summary: Analyzing the landscape of a planetary body can shed light on the processes that shape its surface over time. We used data acquired by the OSIRIS‐REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) mission to explore the rubble‐covered landscape of the near‐Earth asteroid Bennu. We observed subtle step‐like features, or terraces, no more than about 5 m in relief (about half the height of a telephone pole). These terraces are approximately parallel to lines of latitude (i.e., they run east–west) and are located in both the northern and southern hemispheres of Bennu, but not near the equator. Accumulations of rocks tend to be present at the terrace crests, and the terrace faces are usually smooth. Boulders 5–10 m in size form some terraces and enhance the terrace structure by retaining loose material upslope. Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations show that subtle terraces can form in Bennu‐like conditions if the slope of the surface increases. Thus, these landforms are evidence for the ongoing "creep" of loose material on Bennu as surface slopes change in response to the gradual acceleration in the asteroid's spin rate. Key Points: Bennu exhibits subtle latitudinal terracing at mid‐ to high latitudesTerrace surface expressions follow expectations from laboratory and numerical investigationsTerraces are an expression of Bennu's current surface instability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Managing dental caries in the primary dentition can be challenging as children may not always be compliant during dental treatment. Stainless steel crowns (SSC) are an effective restorative choice for carious primary molars until exfoliation. There is limited research about dental practitioners perceptions on placing SSC. Aim: To explore the perception of dental practitioners’ skills and confidence on placing SSC using either the Reduction Technique (RT) or Hall Technique (HT) in an Australian public local health district. Methods: An on-line questionnaire consisted of Likert questions and open-ended questions to assess the views of dental practitioners on the techniques of SSC placement. Dental practitioners, including oral health therapsists (OHT) and dentists, were selected using convenience purposive sampling. Results: A total of 37 dental practitioners agreed to participate in the study, 29 of those participants were included in the study. 8 dentists were excluded from the study as they reported treating children on less than a monthly basis. 93% (n=27) of participants reported SSC to be included in their scope of practice. Only 75% (n=22) of the participants had used the RT and 72% (n=21) of the participants had used the HT in their clinical practice. Overall, there was no significant preference of either technique between dental practitioners. There was a preference for the HT by OHT and dentists preferring the RT (p<0.05). Dental practitioners agree (n=24; 82%) that SSC are an excellent treatment choice for restoring carious primary molars. Conclusion: The study identified there were differences for the preference of placing SSC using the RT or HT by different dental practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]