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Abstract Quantification and monitoring of lean body mass is an important component of nutrition assessment to determine nutrition status and muscle loss. The negative impact of reduced muscle mass and muscle function is increasingly evident across acute and chronic disease states but is particularly pronounced in patients with cancer. Ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool to directly measure skeletal muscle mass and quality. Unlike other ionizing imaging techniques, ultrasound can be used repeatedly at the bedside and may compliment nutritional risk assessment. This review aims to describe the current use of skeletal muscle ultrasound (SMUS) to measure muscle mass and quality in patients with acute and chronic clinical conditions and its ability to predict functional capacity, severity of malnutrition, hospital admission, and survival. Databases were searched from their inception to August 2021 for full‐text articles in English. Relevant articles were included if SMUS was investigated in acute or chronic clinical contexts and correlated with a defined clinical outcome measure. Data were synthesized for narrative review due to heterogeneity between studies. This review analysed 37 studies (3100 patients), which met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 22) were conducted in critical care. The clinical outcomes investigated included functional status at discharge (intensive care unit‐acquired weakness), nutritional status, and length of stay. SMUS was also utilized in chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, and chronic renal failure to predict hospital readmission and disease severity. Only two studies investigated the use of SMUS in patients with cancer. Of the 37 studies, 28 (76%) found that SMUS (cross‐sectional area, muscle thickness, and echointensity) showed significant associations with functional capacity, length of stay, readmission, and survival. There was significant heterogeneity in terms of ultrasound technique and outcome measurement across the included studies. This review highlights that SMUS continues to gain momentum as a potential tool for skeletal muscle assessment and predicting clinically important outcomes. Further work is required to standardize the technique in nutritionally vulnerable patients, such as those with cancer, before SMUS can be widely adopted as a bedside prognostic tool.

Enhanced invasiveness is one of the defining biological traits of glioblastoma cells, which exhibit an infiltrative nature that severely hinders surgical resection. Among the molecular lesions responsible for GBM aggressiveness, aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling is well-characterised. Enhanced RTK signalling directly impacts a myriad of cellular pathways and downstream effectors, which include the Rho GTPase family, key regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, we have analysed the functional crosstalk between oncogenic signals emanating from RTKs and Rho GTPases and focused on the specific contribution of Rnd3 to the invasive phenotype of GBM in this context. We found that RTK inhibition with a panel of RTK inhibitors decreased cell motility and cell invasion and promoted dramatic actin cytoskeleton reorganisation through activation of the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK) axis. RTK inhibition also significantly decreased Rnd3 expression levels. Consistently, shRNA-mediated Rnd3 silencing revealed that Rnd3 depletion promoted substantial changes in the actin cytoskeleton and reduced cell motility and invasion capacity, recapitulating the effects observed upon RTK inhibition. Our results indicate that Rnd3 is a crucial mediator of RTK oncogenic signalling involved in actin cytoskeletal reorganisation, which contributes to determining the invasive phenotype of GBM cells.

Background: Although human papillomavirus (HPV) is a vaccine-preventable illness, many individuals continue to resist vaccination for themselves and their children. We aimed to systematically analyze Twitter messages to obtain a unique view into public sentiment around HPV vaccination. Methods: We developed a Python-based tool to collect one week of live tweets from February 7–13, 2015 using Twitter’s automated programming interface. We retrieved data related to the HPV vaccine via 22 purposefully-selected key search terms. We developed a codebook using a hybrid approach that involved both a grounded theory approach and the addition of several key important codes based on prior work. Two trained coders independently coded tweets, and interrater reliability was compared using Gwet’s AC1. Results: We collected 20,408 usable tweets. To maintain feasibility, we used a computerized random generator to obtain a sub-sample of 2,000 of these tweets for in-depth qualitative coding. The four categories that accounted for the largest proportion of tweets included news and media coverage of current events related to the HPV vaccine, discussion of possible associations between receiving the vaccine and sexual behavior, safety of the vaccine, and effectiveness of the vaccine. Multiple inaccurate myths surrounding the vaccine, such as the misconception that it is only appropriate for females, were noted. Conclusions: Examination of Twitter chatter around HPV vaccination offers valuable insights, particularly into barriers around vaccination. It would be valuable to develop interventions aimed at countering misinformation promoted on this medium and augmenting valuable information found on it.

Differential redox homeostasis in normal and malignant cells suggests that pro-oxidant-induced upregulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) should selectively target cancer cells without compromising the viability of untransformed cells. Consequently, a pro-oxidant deviation well-tolerated by nonmalignant cells might rapidly reach a cell-death threshold in malignant cells already at a high setpoint of constitutive oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of a selected number of amine-pyridine-based Fe(II) complexes that operate as efficient and robust oxidation catalysts of organic substrates upon reaction with peroxides. Five of these Fe(II)-complexes and the corresponding aminopyridine ligands were selected to evaluate their anticancer properties. We found that the iron complexes failed to display any relevant activity, while the corresponding ligands exhibited significant antiproliferative activity. Among the ligands, none of which were hemolytic, compounds 1, 2 and 5 were cytotoxic in the low micromolar range against a panel of molecularly diverse human cancer cell lines. Importantly, the cytotoxic activity profile of some compounds remained unaltered in epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-induced stable populations of cancer stem-like cells, which acquired resistance to the well-known ROS inducer doxorubicin. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 inhibited the clonogenicity of cancer cells and induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by caspase 3/7 activation. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that ligands were strong inducers of oxidative stress, leading to a 7-fold increase in intracellular ROS levels. ROS induction was associated with their ability to bind intracellular iron and generate active coordination complexes inside of cells. In contrast, extracellular complexation of iron inhibited the activity of the ligands. Iron complexes showed a high proficiency to cleave DNA through oxidative-dependent mechanisms, suggesting a likely mechanism of cytotoxicity. In summary, we report that, upon chelation of intracellular iron, the pro-oxidant activity of amine-pyrimidine-based iron complexes efficiently kills cancer and cancer stem-like cells, thus providing functional evidence for an efficient family of redox-directed anti-cancer metallodrugs.

Enforced EGFR activation upon gene amplification and/or mutation is a common hallmark of malignant glioma. Small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib (Tarceva), have shown some activity in a subset of glioma patients in recent trials, although the reported data on the cellular basis of glioma cell responsiveness to these compounds have been contradictory. Here we have used a panel of human glioma cell lines, including cells with amplified or mutant EGFR, to further characterize the cellular effects of EGFR inhibition with erlotinib. Dose-response and cellular growth assays indicate that erlotinib reduces cell proliferation in all tested cell lines without inducing cytotoxic effects. Flow cytometric analyses confirm that EGFR inhibition does not induce apoptosis in glioma cells, leading to cell cycle arrest in G(1). Interestingly, erlotinib also prevents spontaneous multicellular tumour spheroid growth in U87MG cells and cooperates with sub-optimal doses of temozolomide (TMZ) to reduce multicellular tumour spheroid growth. This cooperation appears to be schedule-dependent, since pre-treatment with erlotinib protects against TMZ-induced cytotoxicity whereas concomitant treatment results in a cooperative effect. Cell cycle arrest in erlotinib-treated cells is associated with an inhibition of ERK and Akt signaling, resulting in cyclin D1 downregulation, an increase in p27(kip1) levels and pRB hypophosphorylation. Interestingly, EGFR inhibition also perturbs Rho GTPase signaling and cellular morphology, leading to Rho/ROCK-dependent formation of actin stress fibres and the inhibition of glioma cell motility and invasion.

This paper analyzes President Rodrigo Duterte's inaugural State of the Nation Address (SONA) through the lens of Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) to elucidate the generation and transmission of interpersonal meaning. Specifically, the research meticulously explores the nuances of mood and modal auxiliary structures employed by Duterte in his address. Through a comprehensive analysis of the distribution and usage patterns of mood and modal auxiliaries throughout the speech, the study uncovers how these linguistic elements collectively serve to articulate and amplify the speaker's interpersonal intentions and meanings. The findings underscore Duterte's strategic utilization of diverse moods and modal auxiliaries as instrumental tools for effectively communicating his messages and ensuring clarity and resonance with his target audience. This linguistic analysis not only sheds light on the intricate mechanisms of interpersonal meaning construction in political discourse, but also highlights the pedagogical potential of SONAs and similar political speeches, as valuable resources for language educators. These speeches can serve as enriching teaching materials for educators aiming to impart knowledge and facilitate understanding of complex grammatical concepts such as mood, modal auxiliary, and interpersonal meaning in language classrooms. Thus, the study advocates for the incorporation of political speeches into language teaching curricula to enhance students' linguistic competence and analytical skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented foods, including cheeses, have garnered increased interest in recent years for their potential health benefits. This study explores the biological properties of eight French raw-milk cheeses—goat cheese, Saint-Nectaire, Cantal, Bleu d'Auvergne, Roquefort, Comté, Brie de Meaux, and Epoisses—on oxidative processes using both in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans) and in vitro (human leukocytes) models. A cheese fractionation protocol was adapted to study four fractions for each cheese: a freeze-dried fraction (FDC) corresponding to whole cheese, an apolar (ApE), and two polar extracts (W40 and W70). We showed that all cheese fractions significantly improved Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) survival rates when exposed to oxidative conditions by up to five times compared to the control, regardless of the fractionation protocol and the cheese type. They were also all able to reduce the in vivo accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by up to 70% under oxidative conditions, thereby safeguarding C. elegans from oxidative damage. These beneficial effects were explained by a reduction in ROS production up to 50% in vitro in human leukocytes and overexpression of antioxidant factor-encoding genes (daf-16, skn-1, ctl-2, and sod-3) in C. elegans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayu Prawesti Priambodo,1,* Nur Oktavia Hidayati,2,* Aan Nuraeni1,* 1Department of Emergency and Critical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ayu Prawesti Priambodo, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62-8112254848, Fax +62-2287793411, Email ayu.prawesti@unpad.ac.idBackground: Grieving is an experience of deep mental suffering. It is a very individual process. Grief over the loss of a spouse can have an impact on both physical and mental health. In the case of an acute or critical event, it will be harder for the spouse to adjust to and accept death, which can lead to mental health problems. Gender is one of the factors that influence the grieving process. There is a more profound understanding of grief in men than in women.Purpose: The study aims to understand widows’ perception, experience, and meaning of loss and grieving.Methods: A case report reviewed the life experiences of loss and grieving of Indonesian wife who had lost their husbands because of a critical illness. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Individuals. It was conducted using Zoom and recorded. The analysis method uses thematic analysis.Results: Four major themes were described in the case: experiencing the pain of the loss, searching for the meaning of being lost, embracing the new being, and exploring unmet needs in a widow. From this case, it can be concluded that grieving is a complex and dynamic process.Conclusion: In grieving, women express solid and varied emotions and focus on their need to be understood and accompanied. They experience a transition from an experience of anger and emptiness to a sense of finding meaning in their loss and becoming more able to engage with life. The child is an essential factor in the grieving process, as it keeps participants engaged in the world even when faced with the immediate effects of grief.Keywords: critical illness, grieving, life expériences, loss, widow

Regina Indah Kumalasari,1 Cecep Eli Kosasih,2 Ayu Prawesti Priambodo2 1Master Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Cecep Eli Kosasih, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Ir, Soekarno KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +6281320941727, Fax +6202287793411, Email cecep.e.kosasih@unpad.ac.idBackground: Delayed extubation (DE) after cardiac surgery is associated with high morbidity, mortality, increased length of stay in the intensive care unit, and hospital costs. Various studies have identified factors that influence the occurrence of DE in patients after cardiac surgery, but no review has systematically synthesized the results.Purpose: This review aimed to identify the influencing factors and the leading causes of DE in patients after cardiac surgery.Methods: This scoping review uses the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Literature was searched through four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and CINAHL, and two search engines, Sage and Google Scholar, accessed on October 20, 2024. The articles analyzed met the inclusion criteria, such as full-text articles in English, published from 2014– 2024, with case-control, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cohort study designs and had good quality as assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data was synthesized using thematic analysis.Results: Eight articles with a total of 13801 participants were included in this review. The prevalence of DE after cardiac surgery ranged from 13.6% to 91.9%. The factors affecting DE were categorized into preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. The factors most commonly reported to influence ED include preoperative factors (age ≥ 60 and EF < 50%), intraoperative factors (duration of surgery ≥ 7 hours, use of IABP and sedatives), and postoperative factors (BNP≥ 806 pg/mL). The leading causes of DE after cardiac surgery are hemodynamic instability requiring increased inotropes (33.51%), reduced level of consciousness or drowsiness (31.91%), and postoperative bleeding (20.74%).Conclusion: The process of extubation is a crucial phase in postoperative care. By comprehending the elements that impact DE, healthcare providers can effectively allocate medical resources to enhance the success of weaning, extubation, and recovery following cardiac surgery. Consequently, further research focusing on DE is essential, particularly in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery.Keywords: cardiac surgery, delayed extubation, mechanical ventilation

Firman Sugiharto,1 Irma Yusanti,1 Wulan Puspita Sari,1 Erin Yuliandani,1 Cecep Eli Kosasih,2 Yanny Trisyani,2 Ayu Prawesti Priambodo,2 Aan Nuraeni,2 Anastasia Anna,2 Etika Emaliyawati,2 Ristina Mirwanti2 1Master Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Cecep Eli Kosasih, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia, Tel +6281320941727, Fax +622287793411, Email cecep.e.kosasih@unpad.ac.idBackground: Patients still frequently report complications after cardiac catheterization procedures, such as hematoma and pain. These complications increase the length of stay and hospital costs. Several studies have determined cold compress therapy’s effectiveness in preventing hematomas and reducing pain in patients after cardiac catheterization. However, to date, no review study has synthesized this comprehensively.Purpose: This review aimed to explores the potential of cold compress therapy as a strategy for preventing hematoma and alleviating pain in post-cardiac catheterization patients.Methods: Systematic review was reported based on the PRISMA Extension. A literature search used relevant keywords from six primary databases, such as CINAH Medline Plus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, and one search engine, Google Scholar. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist and Risk of Bias. Data synthesis was used thematically with an explorative, descriptive approach.Results: This review found and analyzed twelve articles. Based on the results of the analysis, cold compress therapy for 15 to 20 minutes can potentially prevent hematomas and reduce pain in patients after cardiac catheterization.Conclusion: This review concludes that cold compress therapy can potentially prevent hematomas and reduce pain in this population. Health workers, especially nurses, can consider cold compress therapy as a strategy in the nursing care program for patients after cardiac catheterization.Keywords: cardiac catheterization, cold compress, coronary heart disease, hematoma, pain

Sanctions for criminal acts committed. The role of correctional guardians is needed in the process of fostering Correctional Families who are the target of coaching carried out in Correctional Institutions. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach that aims to describe the role of correctional guardians in fostering correctional inmates in Class I Lapas Surabaya. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques begin with data collection, data reduction, data triangulation, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this study indicate that the coaching process at Class I Lapas Surabaya is running effectively according to the goals of correctional through the role of correctional guardians as facilitators, communicators, and motivators. Efforts that need to be maximized in coaching require psychologists or special social workers as correctional guardians.