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Background: Healthcare outcomes are influenced by both the effectiveness of healthcare delivery and the health literacy of patients. Patient education materials (PEMs) play a crucial role in disseminating health information to the patients. PEMs need to be at the level of grade six for optimal comprehension across diverse populations. However, that has not been the case in prior studies in healthcare-related fields. We aimed to evaluate the readability status of online PEMs of active adult and pediatric liver transplant institutions. Methods: We used standardized tools to calculate indices, namely Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning–Fog Score (GFS), Coleman–Liau Index (CLI), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook for readability assessment. These indices use various measures, like average sentence length, average syllable per word, polysyllable count, and/or average number of letters per 100 words, to determine grade level. Results: The mean reading level of the PEMs was grade 10.73 ± 3.07, corresponding to grade 7 to 14. One-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference between these indices (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: The readability of liver transplant centers' PEMs exceeded the recommended level, hindering their generalizability to the broader population. This highlights the importance of optimizing the readability of PEMs to improve outcomes for equitable healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physiotherapy is a relatively young profession in Nepal. Education standards, and workforce organization and representation have improved in recent years, but there is no detailed workforce data to support decision‐making and long‐term planning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics, physiotherapy practice areas, settings and employment characteristics of physiotherapists in Nepal; and to document job satisfaction and the factors that influence it. Methods: In a cross‐sectional survey, we asked Nepali physiotherapists about their sociodemographic characteristics, employment or physiotherapy practice area and settings, and job satisfaction. We assessed the associations between sociodemographic factors and job satisfaction among physiotherapists using univariable and multivariable logistic regressions. We invited all Nepali physiotherapists to participate via email, social media and visits to hospitals. Results: Of the 1120 physiotherapists who were contacted, 52% (female: 287; male: 293) completed the survey. The majority of the participants (75%) were less than 30 years old. The majority (73%) held a Bachelor of Physiotherapy degree. Eighty percent were employed at the time of data collection; 58% had 1–4 years of experience. The majority (77%) practiced in or near the capital Kathmandu. Most physiotherapist worked either in private hospitals (46%) or in private physiotherapy practices (26%), rehabilitation centres (19%) and 11% practiced in public hospitals. The most common areas of practice were musculoskeletal physiotherapy (90%) and adult neurology (67%). More than half of the physiotherapist (53%) felt that they were underpaid and 41% were not satisfied with their current job status. The majority of the physiotherapists (67%) reported that they participated in continuing professional development activities. Multivariable logistic regression showed that physiotherapists who had a higher remuneration were more likely to be satisfied with their job. Conclusions: The majority of the physiotherapy workforce in Nepal is well‐educated, young and at an early career stage. Most physiotherapists work in musculoskeletal and adult neurological physiotherapy, in private practices or private hospitals near Kathmandu. Job dissatisfaction was common and was related to low annual income. This first nationwide survey described the current physiotherapy workforce and provides comparison data for future physiotherapy workforce surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcomas can present differently in different parts of the body and showcase varied histopathological features and tend to recur locally and metastasize to distant sites. We discuss a case of a 37-year-old male with local recurrence of spindle cell sarcoma of the paraspinal muscles of size 20 × 20 cm2 with overlying ulceration and discharge with possible pulmonary metastasis. The mass was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography and the histology was confirmed by biopsy. Wide surgical resection of the mass was done and the patient was referred to another center for radiotherapy and further treatment. The large size of the sarcoma and the possible pulmonary metastasis poses a risk of significant morbidity and mortality in this patient. This case showcases the scenario of many patients in developing countries where the patients are lost to follow-up due to various reasons and present later with grave consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffuse proliferative cerebral angiopathy (DPCA) is an uncommon type of cerebral vascular malformation, mostly diagnosed in young females. It is characteristically different from other cerebral arteriovenous malformations and can be differentiated by its peculiar imaging findings. A nidus of normal brain parenchyma is present between the abnormal vascular channels. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose it as a separate entity because unnecessary treatment of DPCA increases the risk of damage to the normal parenchyma leading to neurological deficits. Here we describe a case of a 60-year-old male who presented with severe neurological deficits and was later diagnosed with DPCA. He was managed conservatively with antiepileptics and almost completely recovered to normal within 2 weeks. A rare case of DPCA confused with other hemorrhagic disorders is discussed here. Rare cases are often overlooked. Correct diagnosis helps to prevent tragic consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]