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Finite-time control theory has been widely used as a mathematical tool to design robust controllers. By manipulating the finite-time convergence proof of this theory, we developed a new control design appropriately tuned for the finite-time control of the chaotic logistics system. In this experimental setup, the logistic equation is programmed into a PIC microcontroller, and a part of the controller was conceived using analog electronics. Because the system to be controlled is in the discrete-time domain, and the finite-time stability proof is stated in the continuous-time representation, our finite-time control approach is a good example for designing control algorithms in both time domain schemes. Hence, our experimental results support our main contribution. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is the format used to translate digital signals into the continuous-time field. Therefore, the main contribution of this article is the theoretical foundations for creating a recent controller that satisfies the convergence criterion in finite time and its construction using an 8-bit microcontroller. All this contributes to the chaotic logistical map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logistics today has been an integral part of the world, responsible for major trades of goods, medicines, products, and services. However, logistics face a big problem when it comes to goods that require a constant or a near about temperature to be maintained while being on the road. Using a temperature control system can help largely reduce the problem, thus saving time, money, and resources. The proposed container can be used to store temperature sensitive items such as medicines or general purpose/day to day items or food and beverages. In this paper, we discuss a temperature-controlled container that can be used to transport such temperature sensitive items. The main technology being used in the container would be thermoelectric Peltier (TEC). The container shall be user controlled via a keypad accompanied with several safety features such as over temperature protection, emergency shutdown button, display to view the current/set temperatures and have a docked/portable power supply system. The power supply and power converter for the board has been made completely in-house using detailed PCB's. Calculations for the power requirement and its efficiency have been discussed in depth. Such a product shall provide great help to logistics and medical industry. Material of the box (HDPE) could sustain wide temperature changes and the efficiency of the overall system was 70 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid integration of renewable and decentralized energy sources is transforming the operation of power networks, leading to challenges in efficient electricity utilization, optimal harnessing of renewable energy, and maintaining stable voltage levels. To tackle these issues, clusters of multi-renewable energy systems are interconnected through electrical converters employing fuzzy controllers. Power quality (PQ) controllers have been developed for various renewable energy sources to meet the growing energy demands. Enhancing power electronics separation based on power storage and distributed generation offers significant opportunities for managing PQ. This research focuses on improving the performance of smart hybrid multi-renewable energy systems using microgrids through the utilization of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The proposed approach incorporates a fuzzy controller-based pulse generation technique for a DC-to-AC inverter, ensuring efficient power conversion while maintaining PQ factors. The fuzzy controller effectively handles stringent constraints on process parameters by leveraging adjustable variables. Hardware evaluation and performance analysis were conducted using a peripheral interface controller (PIC) controller, providing an accurate representation of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite-time control theory has been widely used as a mathematical tool to design robust controllers. By manipulating the finite-time convergence proof of this theory, we developed a new control design appropriately tuned for the finite-time control of the chaotic logistics system. In this experimental setup, the logistic equation is programmed into a PIC microcontroller, and a part of the controller was conceived using analog electronics. Because the system to be controlled is in the discrete-time domain, and the finite-time stability proof is stated in the continuous-time representation, our finite-time control approach is a good example for designing control algorithms in both time domain schemes. Hence, our experimental results support our main contribution. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is the format used to translate digital signals into the continuous-time field. Therefore, the main contribution of this article is the theoretical foundations for creating a recent controller that satisfies the convergence criterion in finite time and its construction using an 8-bit microcontroller. All this contributes to the chaotic logistical map.

In today's world, automation has become extremely important. In this study, the automation of chicken farms using wireless sensor networks and mobile communication systems is the main topic. Due to its high protein content, low fat content, and lower cholesterol than other poultry, chicken is the most popular produce in today's world. The environmental factors of a poultry farm are automatically tracked and managed in this study to promote chicken growth, including temperature, humidity, and ammonia gas. With the aid of the sensor module, water level may also be managed and watched. All sensor values are gathered by connecting all the sensor modules to the microcontroller, and then using a wifi module, they are posted to an online platform. The manager of the poultry farm can access the internet on a PC or mobile device to view the internal environmental conditions of the farm. With the aid of a cooling fan, exhaust fan, and DC motor, this system will regulate temperature, humidity, ammonia gas, and water level without the need for a human interface. It will turn on the devices in accordance with the threshold values. As a result, this system design provides automated poultry, minimizes manpower, and increases healthy chicken production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes the idea of a continuous power supply from solar panels utilising an artificial way of creating Infra-Red(IR). The solar panel will produce energy even at night and on rainy days by implementing this design. The most significant drawback of a solar panel is that it cannot be utilised at night or if it is in direct sunlight. The aim of our idea is to reduce the drawbacks of solar panels. A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is utilized in this project for identifying whether it is morning or night and the analogue value detected is relayed to the PIC microcontroller. Only the necessary load will be on throughout the night hours, ensuring that the battery stays operational even at midnight. The IR Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on the inner side of the shutter, which is positioned on top of the frame, are illuminated at night. The shutter is opened and closed by a motor, which is controlled by a relay. An IoT module monitors the battery's charge and discharges conditions (ESP8266). The system's reliability and economic analysis have been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish are considered auspicious and powerful in Vastu shastra, and they reflect good fortune, prosperity, and abundance in feng shui. Additionally, fish can provide a high degree of positive vibes, create a pleasant environment, relieve stress, and assist in a good night's sleep. Proper management of a fish tank at home will help to reduce hypertension and a rapid heartbeat. The quality and liquid level, the number of calories fed to the fish, the feeding cycles, and temperature fluctuations are all assessed. The project's objective is to computerize the system and reduce human intervention, by using a smartphone where the control for initiating the system can be done remotely by the user. Simultaneously, instant data of the feed, volume of water, the ambience of the water tank are noticed by the user and hence one can monitor the system in his/her absence. Tinkercad is used to build the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to handle the event ofa device that shall help and function an efficient solution forvisually impaired. Blind people face constraints inindependent mobility and navigation. Daily activities arehampered by their inability to decide to their surroundings.The developed model aims to guide the blind man andprevent them from unwanted collisions with the obstaclesthrough pre-recorded voice commands hence providing active feedback. The model consists of two modules- cane andshoe unit. Both are integrated together, working as oneunit facilitated by "Bluetooth" connectivity and offers solutionfor orientation through digital compass. The IR rangingsensors employed in the shoe and cane units together provideinformation to the user. All of those measures altogether alleviate the risk of injury to the visually disabled person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an automated system for the temperature control using a PIC microcontroller, a digital temperature sensor with I2C and a MOSFET as actuator. The control strategy is a proportional-integrative one, preceded by an on-off algorithm. The most important data is presented on a graphical interface. In order to send the parameters of the process and the command states to the computer, the serial communication is used.

This manuscript presents a new approach to the use of Internet of Things technologies in a practical and significant way in the system of smart data loggers. The subject of research is the observation and control of the microclimate using Internet of Things technology and smart sensor nodes. It is known that working environments take into account the ambient parameters that influence the concentration at work so that efficiency is at the highest level. For this reason, the primary goal is to create an inexpensive smart system for storing data obtained by measuring different ambient parameters and controlling them without any human involvement. The proposed smart data logger system is based on the following steps: directly monitoring the environment, measuring and storing data, and then allowing the user to adjust the parameters and provide a more comfortable working environment. This research will present the design and implementation of the practical smart data logger system, which can be further expanded where such a realized system can form part of a smart faculty. The system is based on: a group of built-in sensors, a microcontroller with a peripheral interface (PIC) as a core and a server system and a wireless Internet using the Global System of Mobile Telecommunications (GSM) module with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) as a communication protocol. There is also a smartphone application that allows the user to monitor and control the ambient parameters. It is possible to implement a smart faculty service, in which the realized smart data logger system could be implemented, which enables automatic control of ambient parameters at the faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel system to monitor environmental parameters using multilevel IOT architecture is proposed. The proposed system will monitor the changes of environmental parameters in Hyderabad region. The proposed instrumentation operates in II tier architecture in IOT. The Proposed System consists of different sensors grouped into 5 sensor nodes which are invoked by switches in the gateway or from the webpage. The sensors acquire the data and sent to a slave controller (PIC). In turn the slave controller sends the acquired data to Master controller (Raspberry pi). The Master acts as a Gateway between sensor nodes and the cloud. The data is pushed by Master onto the cloud and displayed as webpage using HTTP. The data is also received in the form of SMS through GSM. Using the proposed system few experiments were conducted on different environment and altitude. The obtained results were compared with a standard weather data. It was found that the acquired data from the system was very closer to standard weather data obtained from internet. The experiments were conducted for 15 days in June 2018 and changes in climatic conditions of Hyderabad region were studied and information was handed over to local farmers in terms of indicators which can be used as an assist to decide which crop (cotton, jowar, redgram) has to be cultivated/reaped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water stress continues to be a major factor that affects agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions, which are characterized by high annual rainfall variability. Water-saving practices and sound water management strategies are urgently required to ensure the long-term viability of the agricultural industry in these regions. Automated irrigation systems provide greater control over the quantity of water applied which eventually improves water use efficiency. Thus, a new control strategy utilizing a control system made from mostly off-the-shelf electronic components was developed for controlling irrigation of a tomato crop in a greenhouse. The newly designed soil moisture-based automatic irrigation controller (SMAIC) managed water application using moisture sensors whereby data pertaining to soil moisture was used for the prediction of irrigation timing. SMAIC saved water by up to 74% compared to local farmer practice for greenhouse tomatoes. For all the treatments implemented, the yield was not significantly different. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was significantly higher in the SMAIC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a simple and low-cost instrument is designed to measure the dielectric constant of ceramic materials using the impedance analyser IC AD5933. The AD5933 is highly accurate impedance converter, which provides the impedance value of the sample with respect to different frequencies. The capacitance and dielectric constant values of the prepared samples are derived from the impedance. A PIC microcontroller is used to interface the circuitry of the impedance analyser and display the measured data on the LCD. In addition, the measured data are exhibited on the serial console of the microcontroller. The measured values were compared with standard impedance analysing device HIOKI-LCR Hi-tester353250. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trends of electronic devices applications are changes with the evolutionary change in the electronics technology. The field of embedded technology is growing with advanced microcontrollers. Due to this, electronic system is widely used in different sectors for monitoring and controlling. On observation, it is found that controlling railway gate crossing is one of the most important concept and it is proposed to develop and deploy the advanced microcontroller for the same. Hence, the literature survey has been carried out and proposed to deploy advance microcontroller of PIC family to develop a prototype for the present system for monitoring and controlling the railway gate. For this the IR sensor is deployed to sense the position of the train and corresponding signal is processed by microcontroller according to the user firmware to generate control action of closing or opening the railway crossing gate. To cater the need of mechanical movement, DC motor is deployed in the proposed system. On investigation of the deployment of to prototype for practical purpose, it is observed that the system works successfully with high reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the implementation of a pan detection system for electromagnetic induction heating applications in the cooking of food is presented. The characteristics of the materials used in the containers are analyzed, defining which are the fundamentals for an optimum heating. The detection methods most commonly used in cookers in one cooking zone and the behavior of different items before a given stimulus are studied. A household detection system based on the time domain response technique is proposed, using a general purpose microcontroller from the manufacturer Microchip, through the development of an experimental facility for this purpose. The practical results achieved in different load states are presented, demonstrating the correct functioning of the detection system, making use of professional measuring instruments such as the digital oscilloscope TEKTRONIX TPS 2024B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Nodes have been deployed in a wide variety of applications because of their enormous potential to monitor environmental variables. They offer cost effective solution in detecting and localizing leak points in pipeline network. This paper describes the development of 3-axes accelerometer wireless sensor nodes for pipeline monitoring. MMA7361L IC based accelerometer produced by Sunrom was used as the sensing unit, PIC18 microcontroller family forms the processing unit, communication was made possible with KYL-500S mini data transceiver module and the whole unit was powered by a 9V alkaline battery. The PIC18 microcontrollers programmed in embedded C Language receive the signals from the accelerometer and convert them to digital; store the digitalized data to finally deliver them to its KYL-500S transceiver module for transmission. An Operating System (OS) was written to tie the various interfaces together to define how data are acquired, processed and communication setup for interconnection. Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection was implemented to enable communication between the sensor nodes and Personal Computer (PC) which serve as the Base Station (BS). Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed with Microsoft Visual Studio IDE written in Visual Basic.NET. The designed wireless sensor nodes were tested in the laboratory using the Shake Table method and then deployed on an experimental testbed for measuring vibration on the pipeline surface to determine change in acceleration caused by simulated leakage and data was subsequently recorded at the base station. The developed sensor nodes were compared with standard nodes using IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The developed sensor nodes can also be used for further research activities in wireless sensor network such as structural health monitoring of long span infrastructure and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller has a known structure used in feedback control of industrial processes. One of the most common applications is the control of the DC motor. The paper presents a didactic system designed for educational purposes used for studying various conventional PID structures and the influence of the PID components in the control process of the DC motor’s speed. The system contains a low cost acquisition board based on PIC 16F628A microcontroller. The experimental results are shown graphically using a PC application made in Matlab environment.

The paper presents an automated system for the temperature control using a PIC microcontroller, a digital temperature sensor with I2C and a MOSFET as actuator. The control strategy is a proportional-integrative one, preceded by an on-off algorithm. The most important data is presented on a graphical interface. In order to send the parameters of the process and the command states to the computer, the serial communication is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Smart Health Surveillance system is to measure and display the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and temperature of patient’s body continuously and also to communicate to the doctor. The system measures ECG using infrared sensor and the temperatures at oral and wrist of the patient using temperature sensors. Microcontroller, receives the data from the sensors, displays the same and communicates to the web server automatically. In the existing system, patient’s vital parameters are obtained and the obtained values are entered into database and then uploaded into a web-based server manually. The existing system has no alert signal, during abnormal condition to the surrounding and to the doctor. The proposed system consists of a visualization module of the server program, which graphically displays the recorded biomedical signals on android mobile devices used by doctors at the receiver end. It also gives a buzzer or an alarm in case of abnormal condition of the patient.

In recent years, increased importance of Smart Grid, which includes monitoring and control the consumption of customers of electric power. In this paper, Wireless Smart Electrical Power Meter has been designed and implemented which ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN) will be used for wireless electrical power meter communication supported by PIC microcontroller which used for power unit measurements. PIC microcontroller will be used for evaluating all electric power parameters at costumer side like Vrms, Irms, KWh, and PF, and then all these parameters will be send to base station through wireless network in order to be calibrated and monitored.

To perform automated robot operations like ploughing, automatic seed dispensing, pesticide spraying and simultaneous seeding process using PIC. The main constituent here is the PIC microcontroller that supervises the entire process. It can also provide with the help of humidity sensors. On the field the robot operates on automated mode, but outside of the field the robot operated in manual mode. The manual operation is done by Zigbee pairing app. It is the control device and helps in the navigation of the robot outside of the field. Initially the robot tills the entire field and earnings to ploughing, concurrently dispensing seeds side by side. The device used for navigation is an ultrasonic sensor which constantly sends data to the microcontroller. The alerting device is GSM module that sends a text message to the farmer informing him about the breach in set position. The farmer then responds via SMS to either switch on the water sprinklers or ignore the alert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the construction of a rover mobile robot which is used to follow the resultant optimal path from the global path planning technique. A remote computer is used to control the motion of the mobile robot and to upload the data of the path wirelessly. The control (positioning and directing) of the robot is based on the readings of two wheel encoders. The current direction and position of the robot are calculated relatively to its previous direction and position. The control algorithm is capable to move the mobile robot in order to follow a certain path. The software of the control algorithm is executed using PIC microcontroller. To prove the efficiency of the control algorithm, this algorithm applied on the constructed mobile robot to move it in real world environment between different start and end points. The constructed mobile robot shows that it can follow the required path and reach the target within specified error percent.

This paper describes the design of room thermostat with Microchip PIC microcontroller. Thermostat is designated for two-pipe heating system. The microprocessor controls thermostatic valve via electric actuator with mechanical gear unit. The room thermostat uses for its activity measurements of air temperature in the room and calorimetric measurement of heat, which is served to the radiator. These features predestinate it mainly for underfloor heating regulation. The thermostat is designed to work in a network. Communication with heating system's central control unit is proceeded via RS485 bus with proprietary communication protocol. If the communication failure occurs the thermostat is able to work separately. The system uses its own real time clock circuit and memory with heating programs. These programs are able to cover the whole heating season. The method of position discontinuous PSD control is used in this equipment.

This project presents the Design and Implementation of Access control System using PIC Microcontroller. The design is coded and implemented using MikroC language for the purpose of implementation inside the PIC Microcontroller. This design consists of a remote sensor which is used to detect the feedback signal. Automatic door system is used as an industrial application for the access control system where presented by this paper. The automatic door system model is designed and implemented with PIC-16F877A micro controller, laser sensor and DC motor and custom designed structure for its automatic door system. MikroC programmer is used to test the design codes, and Protus Simulation program is used for the purpose of simulation for the schematic of the design. The design needs maximum clock frequency of 4 MHz. Therefore, the proposed design will be able to cover a wide range of applications with a high sampling rate. Enhancements are made for the design to decrees the memory size in order to get fast execution time. The used ROM is 600 Byte (7.3%) from 8191 Byte and the used RAM is 93 Byte (26%) from 368 Byte of the memory size of PIC Microcontroller. Experimental results show a fast execution time for detecting the interrupts of the remote sensor. Therefore, the proposed Access Control System can be used with different industrial applications. It is very convenient system for consumers and has extensible and flexible characteristics. It can also be used for home doors with additional sensor devices.

Computers are devices that facilitate our work in making people spend a long time by their jobs seconds. Robots have started to come to the forefront in the development of the computer. Robots today, less manpower utilization, prevent the entry of people in jeopardy, less cost, faster, and are used for purposes such as quality production. Labrot-I is designed for use in the laboratory. In this study, the mobility feature was added to a robot arm. Then, RF communications with the robotic arm and mobility check is performed. the holder of the robot is also provided to be parallel to the ground in certain axis.Labrot-I was desined to be extendable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller has a known structure used in feedback control of industrial processes. One of the most common applications is the control of the DC motor. The paper presents a didactic system designed for educational purposes used for studying various conventional PID structures and the influence of the PID components in the control process of the DC motor's speed. The system contains a low cost acquisition board based on PIC 16F628A microcontroller. The experimental results are shown graphically using a PC application made in Matlab environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chopper driven Permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motors are used to drill bone and fix the screws in orthopaedic surgeries. The drive of the motor employs a traditional or modern controller that has an inner current control loop and an outer speed control loop. As an alternative to traditional proportional integral (PI) controller-based chopper drives, this paper proposes a fuzzy-tuned anti-windup PI (AWPI) controller-based chopper for the speed control of PMDC motors used in orthopaedic surgeries. The proposed scheme was simulated using Matlab/Simulink and physically realized for validation. It is ascertained from the performance analysis that the proposed fuzzy-tuned AWPI based scheme exhibits better steady-state and transient-state responses when compared with traditional PI and AWPI controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elucidates a radio frequency (RF) based transmission and reception system used to remotely monitor and control the water Level of an overhead tank placed up to 100 meters away from the pump and controller. It uses two Radio Frequency transceivers along with a controller each installed at the overhead tank and the sump (reservoir). It is completely automated with the help of a PIC 16F877A micro controller which receives signals from the transmitter, interprets and effectively communicates the status of the water overhead tank and water pump mode to the user or operator via an integrated LCD display. Similarly, the control unit of the prototype performs automatic switching control of on and off on a single phase centrifugal water pump, 220volts, 0.5hp motor via a motor driver circuit (relay). It also incorporates a buzzer that beeps briefly when water level hits 100%, thus causing the pump to be switched off but when water level drops below 25%, the pump is then switched on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] New offline MPPT method has been developed. [•] Both open circuit voltage and short circuit currents were considered. [•] Reference panel is used and PIC is used to locate MPPT. [•] Experiments were conducted to study the efficiency. [•] The maximum efficiency of the system was about 94%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The work presented in this paper intended to design and implement a new security system which can be used to protect important places by calling the place owner through a mobile phone to indicate him that the protected place is impenetrate. The system consists of five hardware parts: sensing system (laser circuit and control circuit), Digital Video Recorder (DVR) system, calling circuit, delay and ignition circuit and reset circuit. The Laser circuit of the sensing system connected with the control circuit to detect unauthorized intruder and motivating control circuit. The control circuit which used PIC 18F452 as a major part in its operation is response for controlling and activation the calling circuit and DVR. Where, DVR is used for monitoring protected places and recording the important events. While the calling circuit is used to establish calling with the remote mobile. Ignition circuit is employed to make delay and renew the ignition signal to continue activation the calling process. When need to reset the system, reset circuit utilizes for stopping the calling and reset the microcontroller to complete the function of security system.