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Abstract The Monument experiment measures ordinary muon capture (OMC) on isotopes relevant for neutrinoless double-beta ( $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β ) decay and nuclear astrophysics. OMC is a particularly attractive tool for improving the theoretical description of $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay. It involves similar momentum transfers and allows testing the virtual transitions involved in $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay against experimental data. During the 2021 campaign, Monument studied OMC on $$^{76}$$ 76 Se and $$^{136}$$ 136 Ba, the isotopes relevant for next-generation $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay searches, like Legend and nEXO. The experimental setup has been designed to accurately extract the total and partial muon capture rates, which requires precise reconstruction of energies and time-dependent intensities of the OMC-related $$\gamma $$ γ rays. The setup also includes a veto counter system to allow selecting a clean sample of OMC events. This work provides a detailed description of the Monument setup operated during the 2021 campaign, its two DAQ systems, calibration and analysis approaches, and summarises the achieved detector performance. Future improvements are also discussed.

Abstract NPM1 is an abundant nucleolar chaperone that, in addition to facilitating ribosome biogenesis, contributes to nucleolar stress responses and tumor suppression through its regulation of the p14 Alternative Reading Frame tumor suppressor protein (p14ARF). Oncogenic stress induces p14ARF to inhibit MDM2, stabilize p53 and arrest the cell cycle. Under non-stress conditions, NPM1 stabilizes p14ARF in nucleoli, preventing its degradation and blocking p53 activation. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of p14ARF by NPM1 are unclear because the structural features of the p14ARF-NPM1 complex were elusive. Here we show that p14ARF assembles into a gel-like meso-scale network upon phase separation with NPM1. This assembly is mediated by intermolecular contacts formed by hydrophobic residues in an α-helix and β-strands within a partially folded N-terminal portion of p14ARF. These hydrophobic interactions promote phase separation with NPM1, enhance p14ARF nucleolar partitioning, restrict NPM1 diffusion within condensates and nucleoli, and reduce cellular proliferation. Our structural analysis provides insights into the multifaceted chaperone function of NPM1 in nucleoli by mechanistically linking the nucleolar localization of p14ARF to its partial folding and meso-scale assembly upon phase separation with NPM1.

Background The present study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of quick penetrating solution (QPS) heparin, QPS diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of superficial thrombophlebitis (ST). Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and registration to Clinical Trial Registry of India. Patients of 18–60 years age, American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II, and who needed venous cannulation for at least 72 h were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups receiving study drugs (heparin gel, QPS heparin, and QPS diclofenac) every 8 hourly for a period of 72 h. Venous cannulation site was graded using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale. Patients developing no ST, mean time to reach ST Grade 1 and 2, prevention of ST probability, and cost-effectiveness of interventions during the study period were assessed. Results Out of 219 included patients, development of no ST in the study groups at 72 h of treatment were heparin gel (11%), QPS heparin (9.6%), and QPS diclofenac (2.7%). The mean time (hours) to develop any grade ST in the study arms was heparin gel (36.2 [11.9]), QPS heparin (40.0 [13.4]), and QPS diclofenac (37.0 [13.2]). The Kaplan–Meier analysis did not reveal significant differences for the prevention of any grade ST or severe ST in three treatment arms. The average cost-effectiveness ratio for preventing thrombophlebitis was 14.2 in heparin gel-, 13.2 in QPS heparin-, and 95.6 in QPS diclofenac-treated patients. Conclusion Based on efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, heparin gel or QPS heparin can be used to prevent ST due to intravenous cannulation in surgical patients. QPS diclofenac is not a cost-effective option to prevent ST.

Graphical illustration of various strategies of nanoscale engineering boosting charge separation in semiconductor photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Abstract Lifestyle diseases significantly contribute to the global health burden, with lifestyle factors playing a crucial role in the development of depression. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified many determinants of depression. This study aimed to identify lifestyle and demographic factors associated with depression symptoms among Indians during the pandemic, focusing on a sample from Kolkata, India. An online public survey was conducted, gathering data from 1,834 participants (with 1,767 retained post-cleaning) over three months via social media and email. The survey consisted of 44 questions and was distributed anonymously to ensure privacy. Data were analyzed using statistical methods and machine learning, with principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) employed for feature selection. K-means clustering divided the pre-processed dataset into five clusters, and a support vector machine (SVM) with a linear kernel achieved 96% accuracy in a multi-class classification problem. The Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) algorithm provided local explanations for the SVM model predictions. Additionally, an OWL (web ontology language) ontology facilitated the semantic representation and reasoning of the survey data. The study highlighted a pipeline for collecting, analyzing, and representing data from online public surveys during the pandemic. The identified factors were correlated with depressive symptoms, illustrating the significant influence of lifestyle and demographic variables on mental health. The online survey method proved advantageous for data collection, visualization, and cost-effectiveness while maintaining anonymity and reducing bias. Challenges included reaching the target population, addressing language barriers, ensuring digital literacy, and mitigating dishonest responses and sampling errors. In conclusion, lifestyle and demographic factors significantly impact depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study’s methodology offers valuable insights into addressing mental health challenges through scalable online surveys, aiding in the understanding and mitigation of depression risk factors.

Abstract Background Dementia has a major impact on individuals, their families and caregivers, and wider society. Some individuals experience a faster decline of their function and health compared to others. The objective of this systematic review was to determine prognostic factors, measurable in primary care, for poor outcome in people living with dementia. Methods Cohort studies set in the community or primary care, and examining prognostic factors for care home admission, cognitive decline, or palliative care were included. Databases were searched from inception to 17th June 2022. Identified papers were screened, the risk of bias assessed using Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool, and data extracted by 2 reviewers, with disagreements resolved by consensus or a 3rd reviewer. A narrative synthesis was undertaken, informed by GRADE, taking into consideration strength of association, risk of bias and precision of evidence. Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) and stakeholder input was obtained to prioritise factors for further investigation. Results Searches identified 24,283 potentially relevant titles. After screening, 46 papers were included, 21 examined care home admission investigating 94 factors, 26 investigated cognitive decline as an outcome examining 60 factors, and 1 researched palliative care assessing 13 factors. 11 prognostic factors (older age, less deprived, living alone, white race, urban residence, worse baseline cognition, taking dementia medication, depression, psychosis, wandering, and caregiver’s desire for admission) were associated with an increased risk of care home admission and 4 prognostic factors (longer duration of dementia, agitation/aggression, psychosis, and hypercholesterolaemia) were associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. PPIE and other stakeholders recommended further investigation of 22 additional potential prognostic factors. Conclusions Identifying evidence for prognostic factors in dementia is challenging. Whilst several factors highlighted as of relevance by our stakeholder groups need further investigation, inequalities may exist in care home admission and there is evidence that several prognostic factors measurable in primary care could alert clinicians to risk of a faster progression. Registration PROSPERO CRD42019111775.

Berry et al. (1982) described a rare syndrome associated with distal aortopulmonary window, aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery, intact ventricular septum, and interruption or coarctation of the aorta. Here, we present the first neonatal case of single-stage repair of Berry syndrome in India. Timely surgery and skilled postoperative care define the short-term and long-term outcomes. Single-staged repair is preferred wherever feasible.