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Taoist temples are considered a nation-specific religious and exceptional cultural landmark regionally. The design principle of the lower, middle, and upper sections of the physical building profoundly symbolised royal identity (RI). Scholars discovered that despite Chinese lineage positively recognising the importance of this symbolism, they were clueless about it, notably the configuration of the upper section. The objective of this paper is primarily to identify the design symbolism of the Taoist temple and assess the survivability of the RI for the upper section: 1) roof form; 2) ornamentation and 3) roof colour. Qualitative research was administered by conducting an observational study amongst the ten selected Taoist temples constructed in the 19th century in the Klang Valley. The results revealed that most of the design symbolisms inherited from the Southern region of Mainland China and RI were lessened. Interestingly, the samples synthesised the orthodox RI with indigenous local Malay vernacular architecture, the ventilated roof. The finding not only potentially intensifies the Chinese community by providing insightful knowledge, but it also eases the practical-knowledge gap amongst design practitioners and revitalises the tourism industry in the culture, arts, and heritage domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to create proposed designs for printed curtain fabrics inspired by the Andalusian era motifs, investigating the degree of acceptance of specialists in the field of clothing and textiles and consumers towards the designs. The research followed the descriptive approach with analysis and application to suit it to achieve the aims of the research. Ten modern designs for curtain fabrics were created that inspired by Andalusian motifs that preserving the originality and features of Andalusian art to enrich the printed curtain fabrics. Adobe Illustrator program and Adobe Photoshop were used in drawing and coloring the decorative designs, A questionnaire was designed to investigate the specialists opinions in the field of clothing and textile towards the modern vision of the Andalusian motifs to enrich the decorative design of printed curtain fabrics. According to the results the best decorative design for printed curtain fabrics from a modern vision of Andalusian decorations in achieving aspects of evaluation (as a whole) is (design No. 8) and the lowest one is (design No. 7), which indicates acceptance of the first hypothesis of the research, To verify the second hypothesis, the averages and the quality factor for the evaluation design axes of the printed curtain fabrics were calculated from a modern vision of the Andalusian decorations according to the opinions of specialists and it was found that the second axis "the aesthetic side" represents the best axes according to the opinions of specialists, followed by the third axis “functional aspect”, followed by The first axis, "Basis of Design", which indicates acceptance of the second hypothesis of the research, To verify the third hypothesis, the averages and the quality factor were calculated to evaluate the decorative design of printed curtain fabrics from a modern vision of Andalusian decorations according to the opinions of consumers, and the best decorative design in achieving the evaluation items (as a whole) was (design No. 7) and the lowest one was (design No. 6), thus the third hypothesis can be accepted.

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The pollen morphology of Drosera L. belonging to the Italian flora was studied by investigating alpine populations of D. intermedia, D. rotundifolia, D. anglica, and a natural hybrid, D. x obovata. Studies were carried out on fresh material by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Features of the distal face seem to represent an important diagnostic element. A pollen key, based on micro-morphological data, is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds of fourteen species of Lindernia All., from South India were studied by scanning electron microscopy as to their surface ultrastructure. Results show some correspondence with the subgeneric classification proposed by Philcox. Seeds are broadly of two types, ribbed and unribbed. Sect. Bonnaya is rather homogeneous having unribbed seeds whereas all other sections studied possess prominently or faintly ribbed seeds. The ornamentation patterns however, do not give such a correlation. The seedcoat surfaces are either foveolate or pitted and with minute excrescences of different kinds-granular, fibrillar, filamentous or dagger-shaped. Taxonomic implications of the characters in the investigated species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]