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In COVID-19 times, the healthcare system needs more financial and other resources for covering all necessary medical products and services. On the other hand, we have observed pressure on the effectiveness and optimisation of resources in hospitals and healthcare facilities. Digitalisation represents an important source of information for various levels of management in hospitals. The main aim of our research is the identification of the benefits of digitalisation of medical devices in hospitals in COVID-19 times, focusing on a case study of the Czech Republic. For our methodological approach, a literature review, data analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used. The case study presents the changes to the equipment/facilities use in years 2019 and 2020 in a selected hospital in Prague and the impact of COVID-19 on such use of resources. Management and financial issues are discussed, together with recommendations for healthcare sector management. As a result, economic benefits are represented mainly by various kinds of savings and optimisation of both processes and employees. On the other hand, it is not easy to identify all possible savings, as some of them can be in non-financial expression.

Absence of clear guidance on the qualification threshold for non-mutagenic impurities during clinical development is a source of inconsistency in both sponsor qualification approaches and health authority requests. A survey was conducted in March 2020 with 6 member companies of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). Thirteen examples were gathered of where non-International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) limits have been used in regulatory submissions for various indications and stages of development, together with the regulatory outcomes. As expected, few challenges were faced in early clinical development, with health authorities generally commenting that sponsors should work towards ICH Q3A and Q3B guideline specification limits as development progresses. However, inconsistent health authority requests were noted even for early phase clinical trials in late-stage oncology patients. For an optimised use of resources, consistent approaches would have the benefit of supporting faster access of safe medicines to patients while including Replacement, Reduction and Refinement (the 3Rs) considerations with respect to animal testing. • Alternative limits to ICH Q3A/B may be acceptable with justification. • No guidance for limits to apply during early or late clinical development. • Examples from EFPIA member companies survey with impurity qualification limits. • Analysis confirmed reasonable acceptance, with robust justification, but inconsistent. • Accepted consistent approaches for efficient resources use and access to medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resources play vital role in construction projects. The performance of construction industry depends chiefly on how best the resources are managed. Optimisation play pivotal role in resource management, but task is highly haphazard and chaotic under the influence of complexities and vastness. Management always looks for optimum utility of resources available with them. Hence, the project management has got important place especially in resource allocation and smooth functioning with allocated budget. To achieve these goals and to exercise enhance optimisation certain tools are used for resource allocation optimally. Present work illustrates resource optimisation exercises on two ongoing projects in Dubai, UAE. Resource demands of project A & B are individually levelled and observed cumulative requirement is 17475. In other option demands of projects A & B are aggregated and then together levelled, the necessary resource observed is 16490. Comparison of individually levelled and then combined option with aggregated and then levelled clearly indicates reduction in demand of resources by 5.65% in later option, which could be best considered for economy.