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Prosthetic rehabilitation of the maxillary front teeth is an extremely laborious problem for the dental team, consisting of the dentist and the dental technician. If for the physiognomic component the most recommended materials are the ceramic masses, for the resistance substrate there are several variants. Conventional technologies using dental alloys and modern ones involving the use of zirconium dioxide can be used successfully in performing fixed prosthetic restorations in the maxillary frontal area, both options having both advantages and disadvantages, as we will describe in this material.

Communication between the clinical department (dental office) and the technical department (dental laboratory) is one of the topics that often comes to the mind of every dental technician or dentist. This communication can be done by different methods as a type of inter-compartment communication, but diagnostic wax-up, along with Digital Smile Design and mock-up, is not only one of the most effective, but also one of the clearest and precise ways of transmitting information from the dental technician to the dentist, and implicitly to the patient, but also vice versa.

The Resistance was a reaffirmation of France's independence and individuality, as well as a struggle to regain freedom and, above all, national integrity. In fact, many historians appreciate that the French Resistance could have achieved more if it had been more effectively integrated into Allied plans and strategies. Thus, in this material we tried to present some short biographies of dentists who worked in the French Resistance against the German occupation troops, some of them even paying with their lives for the courage they showed.

The First World War was and is considered the most terrible conflagration of all time. Thus, over 65,000,000 soldiers made up the corps of land armies, naval and air forces, combat armies that participated in the conduct of military operations during the First World War. About 8,500,000 people died and more than 21,000,000 were injured. France was one of the countries most affected by this war, its medical services, including dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery, being completely obsolete. Thus, in this material, we tried to describe some important figures of French oral and maxillofacial dentistry and surgery, which were active in French civil and military hospitals during the First World War (1914-1918).

Sedentary behavior, both professional, occupational, and leisure, recreational, is one of the major risk factors for cardio-metabolic health and premature mortality. But, we find this sedentary behavior in many of the existing professional activities in 2021, among which are the professional activities with a medical profile in the field of dentistry: specific activities of the dental office (and here we discuss dentists and dental nurses) and activities specific to the dental technique laboratory (in this case, we are talking about dental technicians).

Introduction. Peri-implantitis is a condition of the tissues adjacent to dental implants, which can occur in patients with implant-prosthetic restorations, following inadequate prophylactic measures. However, these peri-implants, untreated or improperly treated, can lead over time to quite severe complications, which can quickly turn into emergencies of low, medium or increased intensity in the usual dental care. Purpose. Peri-implantitis is not a major dental emergency, but ignoring and/or treating it incorrectly can lead to complications that are considered major in dentistry. That is why we tried through this study to verify the knowledge related to peri-implantitis as well as the complications that may arise from the nontreatment of these diseases, among the practitioners involved in this field. Material and method. The study was conducted with the help of 37 specialists involved in implantprosthetic treatments, aged between 37 and 53 years, using a 7-point questionnaire. Results and discussions. The results show the concern of specialists in the field of oral implantology regarding peri-implantitis, as well as the complications arising from them. Conclusions. Knowing the causes but also the complications arising from peri-implantitis are very important for the creating preventive programs, which with a reduced effort bring the long-term success of implant supported restorations.

Edward Hartley Angle was an eminent American scientist, dentist, great inventor, being rightly considered to be the father of modern orthodontics. The great American scientist was the author of an impressive number of patents (46) and was the coordinator of 7 editions of some impressive orthodontic treatises. Thus, in this material, important data from the biography of Dr. Edward Hartley Angle.

Introduction. By follow-up care process is meant an individualized curative-prophylactic active medical method, which supervises, at the initiative of the doctor, categories of healthy persons - exposed to risk factors - or categories of sick persons suffering from certain conditions. Purpose. In this study, we will refer to the theoretical and practical aspects regarding the necessity of follow-up care in children patients (preschool children, pupils), adolescents and young people, an operation that must be performed by the doctors with specialization and/or competence in pediatric dentistry, by the doctors with specialization in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, by the school doctors, as well as by the simple dental doctors, who perform very regular pediatric dentistry maneuvers. Material and method. This study was conducted with the help of 23 pedodontists or pediatric dentists in Bucharest. Results and discussions. The answers obtained by applying the questionnaire created a clear image of the follow-up care system currently existing in Bucharest. Conclusions. The follow-up care in pediatric dentistry is the most useful active dental care, and in order to have an increased efficiency it is necessary that it is extremely well organized and controlled.

Edward Hartley Angle was an eminent American scientist, dentist, great inventor, being rightly considered to be the father of modern orthodontics. The great American scientist was the author of an impressive number of patents (46) and was the coordinator of 7 editions of some impressive Orthodontic Treatises. Thus, in this material, which we structured in 2 distinct parts, we tried to present as concisely as possible the most important data from the biography of Dr. Edward Hartley Angle.

Introduction. A special role in the occurrence of acute or chronic infections is the microbial biofilms, which contain several microbial species and which develop mainly on inert surfaces. Purpose. The objective of this research is to obtain scientific information on microbial biofilms relevant to human health, in order to identify and improve the prophylactic and therapeutic methods of the infections caused by them. Material and method. This research focuses on the study of the microbial plaque attached to the dental surfaces, from patients wearing fixed dental appliances. The study was performed on a number of 39 patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Results and discussion. Several types of microbial strains have been identified – Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter cloacae, Eikenella corodens, Lactobacillus sp., Bacteroides sp., Candida albicans etc. Conclusion. The identification of the microbial strains isolated from the dental plaque revealed a great diversity of the aerobic and aerobic facultative anaerobic microbial species, which supports the hypothesis of the nonspecific bacterial plaque, involved in the etiology of periodontal diseases.

ntroduction. Infectious risk in orthodontic practice is a real risk and involves problems both for the medical team of orthodontics and dental-facial orthopedics and for patients. Purpose. In this material we tried to highlight both the microbial load taken from the level of metal breaches Existing in the oral cavity but also the effect of mouthwashes with wide commercial use, on the different categories of germs isolated from these surfaces. Material and method. Microbial harvesting was carried out at different stages of the consultation and periodic examination in order to establish the effect that different substances have on reducing microbial load. Results and discussion. The results obtained for each stage and study group are graphically exemplified for a better understanding of the studied problem. Conclusions. The efficiency of the substances for removing the bacterial load is considerable but the replacement of disinfectants due to their toxicity and aggressiveness must be considered.

Introduction. Any new class of materials almost always brings with it a new processing technology, regardless of the field in which it is operated. If this technology is not fully respected, all the benefits and performance of the material can be compromised. Purpose. In this material we tried not only a familiarization of the dental technicians, but rather their awareness regarding the polymerization processes, which intervene in various technologies for creating prosthetic restorations of any kind. Material and method. For this study, 53 dental technicians, who have completed various forms of schooling, answered 10 questions related to the different forms of polymerization used in the dental technology. Results and discussions. The answers obtained give us an image regarding the knowledge of the practitioners in this field, but also the way in which the theoretical knowledge is verified in practice by the daily experience of the respondents. Conclusion. There is a variation in the accumulated knowledge, a variation that can be based both on the studies followed by each participant in the study and on how they use the materials discussed in this article in daily practice.

Introduction. Most patients over 40 years old who present for specific treatments in the dental offices have at least one general condition. Specialized research has shown that atherosclerosis is more common in patients with periodontal disease, which suggests that periodontal and cardiovascular disease may have similar causes. Purpose. Given the close connection between the two conditions, we have tried to draw the attention of patients to the importance of the prophylactic maneuvers performed by him or by specialized personnel and we also want to emphasize the importance of the dental hygienist in this process. Material and method. In order to carry out this study, a questionnaire with predetermined answers was used, applied to 57 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and who presented for specialized treatments in dental offices. Results and discussions. The answers really reflect how the patients understood the connection between the two conditions and how they perform the oral and dental hygiene. Conclusions. Given that many of the respondents do not perform the hygiene procedures correctly or incompletely, there is a need for a medical staff to discuss with patients to educate them on the importance and the way of hygiene and to perform the oral and dental hygiene procedures, in short the dental hygienist.

The loss of first permanent molars, maxillary and/or mandibular, can lead in time, due to the lack of prosthetic restoration, to a series of complications, some of high gravity, which can cause not only severe difficulties in subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation, but also substantial additional costs for patients. Purpose. Thus, in this material we tried to bring to the attention of dental practitioners the most truthful arguments, for a fixed prosthetic restoration as early and efficient as possible. Material and method. 53 dental practitioners, from different cities of the country, took part in this study conducted between May 2017 and April 2019. Results and discussions. The answers obtained by applying the questionnaire were analyzed statistically and exposed for a better understanding by clear graphical methods. Conclusions. The restoration of this type of single tooth edentation produced by the absence of the 6-yearold molar, regardless of location (maxillary and / or mandibular), is considered by most dental practitioners to be relatively simple, regardless of the therapeutic option selected.

This age period after 12 years is characterized by an increase in all dimensions of all the anatomical structures of the individuals, under the influence of new factors that interfere with the general tonus of the body. Purpose. Thus, in this paper, we approached certain aspects of both theoretical and practical that may occur in the formation and development of dento-maxillary system in the age period of 12 years (after some authors, up to the age of 21 years). Material and method. The study was conducted between May 12 and June 25 2018 with the help of 55 dental practitioners. Results and discussions. The analysis of the answers provided by the participants in the study was performed by means of specific research methods. The results are eloquent and provide an overview of how dental practitioners manage the eruption of the wisdom tooth in the developmental processes of the dento-maxillary system. Conclusions. The eruption of the wisdom tooth is a certain element of growth, which must be taken into account in the future therapeutic approach of the morpho-functional imbalances of the dento-maxillary system.

The development of the dento-maxillary system from the very beginning to the age of 12 implies a multitude of changes in the structure of this system. In the age of growth a sequence of deviations from the morphology and function of the dento-maxillary system appear. Purpose. In this paper, we have approached certain aspects of both theoretical and practical aspects that may intervene in the formation and development of dento-maxillary system in preschool age (up to 6 years). Material and methods. 75 dental practitioners from of different specialities from Bucharest were involved in this study between April 15 and May 20, 2018. To carry out a relevant survey a 6 items questionaire was used. Result and discussions. The results obtained were structured for a better understanding and to have a clear view for further study directions. Conlcusions. The dentist have the most important role in detecting disturbances that may have a negative effect on formation and development of dento-maxillary system and also is the one who guide prophylactic actions of preschool age children to avoid negative effect on dento-maxillary system.

Dental medicine is an extremely complex medical field, comprising several specialties (orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, prosthodontics, dental surgery, endodontics etc.), which in most cases also require the assistance of a dental nurse. Purpose. In this paper, we have tried to present a number of very interesting ergonomic aspects in the dental office, which aim at simplifying work at this level. Material and method. This study was conducted between May and July 2018 using a questionaire applied to a number of 69 dental practitioners from Bucharest. Results and discussions. Results obtained in this study give us an image about how current dental practitioners understand ergonomics in daily practice. Conlclusions. All the aspects discussed in this study have an important role in the ergonomy of daily activity of a dental office. More important is that the majority of dentists involved in the stuty understand and apply the ergonomic concepts underlined by this study.

Purpose. The adhesion ability of microorganisms present in the oral microbial plaque is a certainty for solid surfaces at this level (including coronal restorations, classical prosthetic restorations and implantsupported restorations fixed and mobile, orthodontic appliances). Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to demonstrate the ability of these microorganisms from the oral cavity to adhere on the surface of some common impression materials used in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Material and method. The study was conducted on the main impression materials used in implant supported prosthetic restorations as well as in dental medicine: irreversible hydrocolloids, zinc oxide eugenol pastes, polyethers, condensation and addition silicones. The study was conducted between June and July 2017. Results and discussions. With the help of microorganisms isolated from the 87 patients, an inoculation of standard samples of impression materials was performed. Verification of adherence was achieved at different time intervals, the results being significant. Conclusions. For the tested materials, it was noted that the degree of adhesion was either influenced by the products incorporated in the base substance or by the secondary products resulted from chemical setting of material.

Purpose. Starting from a very recent event on the market of disinfectants, where for many years very diluted disinfectant products were marketed in Romania, the antimicrobial activity being non-existent, we tried, on the basis of simple experiments, to study the antimicrobial efficiency of the active substances of some common products used on impression materials in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, but also in classical dental prosthetics and in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, products approved and used in the European Union. Material and method. 7 decontamination and/or disinfectant products were tested for qualitative screening for the sensitivity to different microbial strains as well as for quantitative testing of antimicrobial activity. Results and discussions. The study results for the two objectives are influenced by the active substances of the tested products. Conclusions. Decontamination of dental impressions must also become a certainty in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, in classical dental prosthetics and in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics even if this work is disregarded and ignored by many practitioners.

Objective. The purpose of the study is to identify the musculoskeletal problems in dental professionals and the causes leading to them to rank. The most frequent ones were ranked in order to elaborate operational and global projects and differentiated treatment and prophylaxis units focused on that certain problem. Material and method. The 133 subjects (dental students and specialist) answered a 14 items questionnaire. Results. The results of the questionnaire were centralized and statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics. Discussions. The results showed that most of the subjects (69.92%) had growth problems. 90.23% of them did not consulted a kinetoterapist but they were aware of the necessity of seeking specialty treatment in the future. Conclusions. The present study conducted to preliminary conclusions that will be the start point of further extended studies, emphasizing the necessity of Kinetotherapy classes in Dental School.