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This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review of academic publications about digital literacy games. We have analyzed a total of 30 papers and book chapters published in English, Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch between 2005 and 2021 and stored in Scopus. The results of this literature review report on: (1) the topics of the games discussed in the publications; (2) the digital literacy competencies supported by the games studied in the publications; (3) the effects of these games; and (4) ten game design considerations for digital literacy games collected from the results of the publications. This paper also provides detailed access to the original sources by reporting on which paper addressed what.

Social changes in higher education have led to a transformation in teaching innovation for developing a critical and creative mentality in students. To this end, video capsules have emerged as an optimal tool that allows combining the management of information and communication technologies and collaborative work. Video capsules were elaborated by groups of students for the virtualization of the laboratory practices of the subjects Environmental Microbiology and Biochemistry of the Degree in Environmental Sciences for two academic years (2022–2023 and 2023–2024), paying special attention to the principles of Universal Design of Learning. To assess the impact of this activity on the knowledge acquired by the students in the laboratory practices, the marks from these academic years were compared with the previous academic year (2021–2022) without the generation of video capsules. Moreover, an evaluation of the development and acquisition of cross-curricular competencies was carried out. The generation of video capsules by the students tended to increase the average grade obtained in the laboratory practices of both subjects. Furthermore, instrumental, interpersonal, and systemic competencies obtained by the students by performing the video capsules improved their transversal skills. The creation of video capsules during laboratory practices and the methodology used had a very positive direct influence on the academic outcomes of the subjects and facilitated the acquisition of transversal competencies for the students.

Coastal lagoons are highly productive transitional water bodies threatened by human factors and vulnerable to global climate change effects. Monitoring biophysical parameters in these ecosystems is crucial for their preservation. In this work, we used Sentinel-2 and Landsat imagery combined with in situ data to (1) develop preliminary algorithms for retrieving the Chl-a concentration and water surface temperature of six lagoons located in the Ebro Delta (NE Mediterranean Sea, Spain), and to (2) compute maps and trend lines for analysing their spatiotemporal evolution from 2015 to 2022. Our findings showed that the algorithms’ accuracy ranged from 72% to 78% and had limited potential under high Chl-a concentration regimes. Even so, they revealed the lagoons’ trophic status, usual fluctuations, and deviations of both parameters attributed to seasonal (i.e., light and temperature) and short-term physical (i.e., winds) forcing, as well as valuable spatial patterns potentially useful for conservation efforts and land use planning. Future work will focus on the acquisition of a larger in situ data sample under a range of environmental conditions to improve the algorithms’ robustness, which in turn will allow the investigation of natural and human factors controlling the dynamics of the two investigated parameters.

The changes brought by new technologies and the ensuing rapid development of the communication field have resulted in an increasing number of studies on politicians’ use of the internet and social media. However, while election campaigns have been the predominant research area in political communication scholarship, music has not yet been taken as an object of study alongside spectacularisation and politainment. Aside from some preliminary studies, systematic research on music in politics is scarce. The literature holds that music is a universal language. Music in politics can therefore be deemed to be an identification tool that can help politicians connect with voters and bring together positions between the different actors of international relations. This is an exploratory study about the use of music in political campaigning. It is focused on the role played by the Spotify playlists created by the main political parties in recent election campaigns in Spain. The initial hypothesis is that some of the candidates strategically selected songs to be shared with their followers. A quantitative content analysis (N = 400) of some Spotify playlists showed that there were significant differences in the selection of songs among the different political parties. This research contributes to the understanding of how Spotify has been used for electoral campaigning, as well as shedding some light on the current communication literature on music and politics.

Disinformation is a phenomenon of concern to all political systems, as it poses a threat to freedom and democracy through the manipulation of public opinion aimed at eroding institutions. This paper presents a bibliometric and systematized study which allows the establishment of a comprehensive view of the research and current state of academic investigations on disinformation. To this end, a content analysis of the scientific articles indexed in Scopus up to 31 December 2023 has been carried out based on three categories of analysis: journals, authors and investigations. Similarly, a systematic study of the 50 most cited articles in this sample was performed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the nature, motivations and methodological approaches of these investigations. The results indicate that disinformation is a research topic which has gained great interest in the academic community since 2018, with special mention to the impact of COVID-19 and the vaccines against this disease. Thus, it can be concluded that disinformation is an object of study which attracts significant attention and which must be approached from transdisciplinarity to respond to a phenomenon of great complexity.

La mayoría de las propuestas relacionadas con la neutralización de la desinformación en el ámbito académico suelen implicar la refutación de los bulos después de que el mensaje llegue al destinatario (estrategias de debunking), en lugar de favorecer la preparación preventiva del sujeto (estrategias de prebunking). En atención a esta última modalidad, el presente estudio apuesta por enfrentar con dinámicas de juego los riesgos de la sobrexposición acrítica en redes sociales, con el consecuente interés por que los jóvenes — en concreto, estudiantes del grado en Periodismo de la Universidad de Valladolid— aprendan a identificar y combatir noticias falsas mediante técnicas de simulación. Con este objetivo se emplea el juego titulado The Bad News Game (DROG, 2018), para evaluar los resultados que derivan de la experiencia lúdica a través de un cuestionario y del método del análisis de contenido. El trabajo de campo confirma que los newsgames estimulan la adquisición de competencias y revela que los futuros periodistas se sienten tan vulnerables frente a la desinformación como cualquier otro colectivo.

Esta investigación explica cómo se estructuró la programación documental de Televisión Española en sus dos cadenas desde 1958 hasta 1975. El objetivo principal es entender qué significó este género de no ficción dentro de la programación de TVE y qué lugar ocupó en las parrillas televisivas y en la Historia de la Televisión en España. Se han analizado todos los contenidos documentales conservados de producción propia y ajena, en formato serie o película, así como su distribución por franjas horarias, días de la semana y otras variables que aparece en la parrilla de TVE en el periodo de esta investigación. El análisis se realiza a través de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo del género documental para el que se ha elaborado una base de datos que incluye el total de 6.835 emisiones documentales. Se constata la existencia de un reparto de estos espacios en dos tipos de documentales en la parrilla. Por un lado, contenidos considerados de primera categoría con importancia en la parrilla televisiva y, por otro lado, aquellos destinados a rellenar espacios en la programación sin importar la procedencia o temática del documental. Dicha diferenciación viene marcada de antemano por parte de la cadena, en lo que se ha denominado, dentro de esta investigación, los formatos de emisión.

Desert areas in northern Chile are highly valuable ecosystems. While human activities are impacting the area in different ways, there are few environmental studies available. The current study analysed the ecological health status (water, sediment, biota) of a northern coastal area in the Atacama Region, including a national park (with a protected marine area), a tourist and benthic management area, and an industrial area. Results from the physical–chemical characterization and physiological state of organisms of ecological importance (macroalgae and microalgae) were integrated to determine pollution and toxic responses. The results identified high and moderate pollution levels for Bi, Ca, As, Ag and Cd in sediments. The As concentration in sediments is the leading environmental problem, with average values above the threshold effect level, associated with fine sediments. The stations showed increasing contamination and stress from north to south (national park > tourist and benthic management area > industrial area), associated with the proximity to the discharge of mining waste from the Salado River. The national park registered the poorest health status as demonstrated by high Cu bioaccumulation and high photosynthetic stress in the macroalgae and the lowest biomass concentration of the microalgae in water. The tourist and benthic management area demonstrated high As concentrations in sediments and Cd bioaccumulation. The industrial area was the least contaminated area, exhibiting lower photosynthetic stress and bioaccumulation.

Coastal wetlands are valuable and sensitive environments that are among the most productive yet highly threatened systems in the world [...]

La aparición de las segundas cadenas de televisión a mediados de los 60 propició un escenario en Europa con grandes diferencias, en el que se distinguía, a grandes rasgos, un modelo liberal, habitual en el norte del continente, y un modelo mediterrá-neo, más dependiente del Estado. Sin embargo, ambos modelos, pese a partir de situaciones legales y económicas muy diferentes, tuvieron algunos problemas comunes, como la dificultad de lograr despertar el interés de la población hacia una programación más cultural. Esta investigación se propone poner esta situación de manifiesto a través de un análisis comparativo de la Segunda Cadena de TVE con la BBC-2, paradigma de las televisiones públicas liberales del norte de Europa, y la portuguesa RTP-2, de un régimen similar al español.

La presente investigación examina cuáles son los principales factores que influyen en la credibilidad y el interés por las noticias en España, dentro de la actual preocupación por la desinformación. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer los factores que influyen en ello, en qué medida lo hacen y sus posibles interdependencias. Para la medición del peso de los factores que hacen más o menos interesante y/o creíble una noticia, se llevó a cabo una encuesta online mediante panel, con una muestra de 4.351 personas, conformada por un muestreo aleatorio estratificado con afijación proporcional. Se concluye que credibilidad e interés dependen de varios factores, siendo el más influyente la vía por la que se accede a la noticia, seguido de otros más relacionados con el contenido: el tema, para la credibilidad, y el estilo redaccional, para el interés.

La situación de excepcionalidad producida por la covid-19 propicia un escenario comunicativo complejo en el que la cobertura informativa de la pandemia ha planteado cambios sobre las dinámicas habituales. Los medios de comunicación se han enfrentado a nuevos desafíos para reducir la incertidumbre y satisfacer los procesos de búsqueda de información a través de un amplio número de formatos. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación se centra en localizar y analizar los newsgames que han abordado el devenir noticioso con la finalidad de ofrecer un distinto enfoque y contenido a los usuarios. Esa lista la integran tres juegos: Factitious 2020! Pandemic Edition (Augame Studio, 2017-20), People of the Pandemic (Wu & Osserman, 2020) y Covid-19 Trivia (Mindtoggle, 2020). El trabajo de campo se apoya en la metodología cualitativa para someter a análisis tanto las propuestas informativas como la estrategia discursiva que plantean los juegos digitales a partir de los rasgos definidos por Janet H. Murray (1999): actuación, inmersión y transformación. Lo limitado de la muestra de análisis permite afirmar que el uso de recursos lúdicos no ha sido aprovechado por los medios de comunicación para dar a conocer algunos de los rasgos más complejos de la pandemia y sacar partido a una fórmula que, cuando se utiliza, facilita la comprensión a determinados segmentos de público.

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las principales funciones y características que la imagen fotoperiodística cumple en las versiones digitales de El País y El Mundo y explorar la forma en que estos medios enmarcan sus fotografías en las noticias sobre cambio climático. Los resultados indican el predominio de la personificación del cambio climático en los líderes políticos, con el presidente Trump como presencia mayoritaria. Las fotografías de agencia o de archivo son la fuente primordial de las noticias y también se aprecia una relación entre estas y el texto noticioso. Como aspectos más técnicos se podría señalar la primacía de colores fríos sobre los cálidos y un tratamiento cualitativo muy similar en los diarios estudiados.

La llegada de la televisión privada a España a partir de 1990 sumió a la televisión pública en una doble crisis: financiera, debido a la pérdida de ingresos por publicidad, y de función, pues no se había planteado qué significaba ser una televisión de servicio público. Este artículo analiza el debate político en la Comisión de Control de RTVE en el Parlamento entre 1990 y 2010, fecha de entrada en vigor de la ley que definió un nuevo modelo de TVE, sin publicidad y con una definición clara de servicio público. La falta de voluntad política por parte de los sucesivos gobiernos para hacer cambios reales y una oposición más interesada en erosionar al gobierno de turno que en dirimir los grandes debates de fondo sobre el modelo televisión pública hicieron que los cambios llegaran forzados por circunstancias exteriores, como la normativa europea o la crisis del mercado publicitario.

Coastal wetlands are dynamic ecosystems that exist at the interface between land and sea. They represent environments with a great diversity of habitats and communities, high carbon sequestration capacity and a wide range of ecosystem services. In the Mediterranean, the largest coastal wetlands are found in deltaic areas like that of the Ebro River (Spain), which has a coastline length of approximately 50 km, occupying a total area of 325 km2. The Ebro Delta is included in different national and international frameworks for environmental conservation, despite which there are several risks that threaten it. The lack of sedimentary contributions due to the regulation of the Ebro riverbed (irrigation, reservoirs, and hydroelectric power generation) has caused erosion and the retreat of certain sections of its coastline. To this situation of sediment deficit must be added the threat posed by the effects of global change, such as the rise in sea level, the increase in temperature and in the frequency and intensity of storms. This study analyses the particularities of the coastal wetland of the Ebro Delta, identifying the main threats it faces, as well as possible adaptation and mitigation strategies to these changes.

We live in a hyper-informed society that is constantly being fed with information stimuli. That information may not be correct, and society may be vulnerable to it. We present a methodological proposal with a mixed approach that allows the learning of the characteristics and weaknesses of news consumers in the face of disinformation. Said methodology moves away from the traditional model, and with it a new, much more complete and complex way of conducting discussion groups is carried out. The qualitative approach is carried out through the creation of an online community in which subjects are encouraged to participate in different activities and tests. On the other hand, in order to obtain quantitative data, a quasi-experimental survey where respondents are exposed to various stimuli created ad hoc, which seeks to measure the interest and credibility of different news items through an orthogonal design, is carried out. The use of this methodology will allow for an expansive and intensive approach to the knowledge of societal vulnerability factors, and with the subsequent results, a solid basis of disinformation can be established, which will allow for the development of a series of strategies to combat disinformation.

This article analyzes the process of symbolic and critical-discursive construction of applications developed for mobile devices for some of the world’s most important heads of state through their manifestation in the ecosystem of mobile applications for iOS and Android. The sample includes 233 applications of 45 politicians from 37 countries. A content analysis-based method was applied to the discourse of these apps and users’ comments. The results reveal the dominant discourses in this scenario and identify the characteristics that influence their popularity, the influence of viral content and their reception in the connection between the mobile ecosystem and the political sphere. The discourse on the apps reveals a commercial interest and the existence of a diffuse diffusion of political commitment in terms of entertainment, parody and virality.

The ecological value of coastal wetlands is globally recognized, particularly as biodiversity hotspots, but also as buffer areas because of their role in the fight against climate change in recent years. Most of Chile’s coastal wetlands are concentrated in the central and southern part of the country due to climate conditions. However, northern coastal wetlands go unnoticed despite being located in areas of high water deficit (desert areas) and their role in bird migratory routes along the north–south coastal cordon of South America. This study reviews the current environmental status of the arid coastal wetlands of northern Chile (Lluta, Camarones, Loa, La Chimba, Copiapó, Totoral, Carrizal Bajo) in terms of regulations, management, and future aims. The main natural and anthropogenic threats to these coastal wetlands are identified, as well as the main management tools applied for their protection, e.g., the Nature Sanctuary designation, which allows for the protection of both privately and publicly owned property; and the Urban Wetland, a recently created protection category.

The aim of this work is to apply a vulnerability index in the dune field located in the Riumar urban zone at the mouth of the Ebro River. This dune field represents the natural barrier of the El Garxal coastal lagoon system. The index used integrates the dimensions of exposure, susceptibility, and resilience from the analysis of 19 variables. The results obtained show moderate susceptibility and high resilience, which are in line with the behavior of this dune field during the last sea storms (Gloria in January 2020 and Philomena in January 2021, among others) that have tested the capacity of this system to cope with the effects of these storms. Therefore, increasing the knowledge of the factors affecting the vulnerability of the dunes can be helpful in the management and conservation of these coastal environments.

This paper starts with the influence of television by a review of some of the most relevant theories of communication in recent decades as the Agenda setting or the Spiral of silence. This review allowed a better understanding of the role of the news and information television consumption in the definition of our perceptions of the world and examine the limitations presented in the research that support these theories –limitations arising from their lack of attention to other genres, but news–. Ultimately, this communication aims to demonstrate how the sitcoms include references to matters and public figures that are current at the time of issue showing different positions on the matter and therefore highlights that we can not only find information on media intended to introduce this, but also we can also speak of the television infofiction, in wicht we found it can become raw material suitable for a plot, or, at least, for some mention, depending on the nature of the event today.

Se propone un estudio exploratorio que examina los nuevos sistemas de distribución cinematográfica online presentes en España (iptv, Smart tv y portales de contenido) y los cambios en las funciones de los sectores que intervienen en la comercialización. Se demostrará que se trata de un modelo que busca adaptarse a la demanda, cada vez más diversa, del espectador-usuario, pero que se encuentra todavía en vías de construcción.

The Dominican Republic is one of the countries with the highest growing number of tourists in coastal protected areas. The objective of this study was to examine the perceived impact of tourism on three coastal national parks, involving all the sectors related to these protected areas and tourism. Workshops were carried out in the coastal protected areas studied. The results revealed the poor integration of local communities in the management plans, the lack of information on protected areas, and the poverty of the majority of the resident families despite income of tourism. The findings of this study highlighted the concept of a carrying capacity or threshold for tourism development. Lower to moderate levels of tourism development appeared beneficial, but as tourism development increased, perceptions of the community worsened. The results also confirmed that tourism contributes to environmental degradation, mainly due to contamination of rivers and coastlines, accumulation of waste, and over-exploitation of natural resources. A series of strategies is proposed to minimize this impact.

Este artículo plantea un análisis de la construcción sonora de la figura de Francisco Franco en el marco del discurso emitido por Radio Nacional de España durante la Guerra Civil y los primeros veinte años del régi- men franquista en España. Esta investigación quiere establecer las carac- terísticas y la evolución de la construcción propagandística de la figura mitificada de Franco ajustada a los intereses políticos del aparato de pro- paganda del régimen.

DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2014.17.1.2 Este artículo plantea un análisis de la construcción sonora de la figura de Francisco Franco en el marco del discurso emitido por Radio Nacional de España durante la Guerra Civil y los primeros veinte años del régimen franquista en España. Esta investigación quiere establecer las características y evolución de la construcción propagandística de la figura mitificada de Franco ajustada a los intereses políticos del aparato de propaganda del régimen. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2014.17.1.2

Dentro del amplio y prolífico ámbito de la investigación alrededor de los newsgames (videojuegos informativos), se han realizado un amplio número de aportaciones de diferente interés. En esta investigación se plantea una aproximación a los avances que, desde el ámbito profesional, se han realizado en los newsgames que han tenido como objetivo la actualidad española. PAra ello, se ha analizado este tipo de productos a partir de sus objetivos y lógica de uso tras establecer las características de este medio desde el punto de vista comunicativo. Como se adelanta en las conclusiones, se trata de un género que con una relevancia desigual en contextos internacionales, comienza a adquirir una presencia significativa en el ámbito español aunque todavía se encuentre en un estado embrionario.

Background Thalidomide is active in multiple myeloma and is associated with minimal myelosuppression, making it a good candidate for induction therapy prior to high-dose therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation.Design and Methods Oral cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone was compared with infusional cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.Results The post-induction overall response rate (≥ partial response) for the intent-to-treat population was significantly higher with cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone (n=555) versus cyclophosphamide-vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone (n=556); 82.5% versus 71.2%; odds ratio 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.44–2.55; P

The internet offers the ability to access a large amount of information quickly. However, this immediacy and oversaturation has negative aspects, such as informative disorders. This research aims to clarify whether the complex global landscape introduces scenarios which differ from one another by factors that we can point to as being responsible for different levels of vulnerability towards information disorders. Thus, this study applied a qualitative methodology based on the collection of relevant information of 50 participants, using online groups to generate a common space which offered a certain degree of intimacy. Within the results obtained, there is a remarkable hypersubjectivism amid all the groups that stands out above individual and/or ideological differences. Finally, this research demonstrates that citizens, regardless of their ideological positioning, perceive different factors which can make them more vulnerable to disinformation: the importance of fact-checking, abundance of information and immediacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta investigación explora la intersección entre el cáncer –una de las principales causas de mortalidad de las sociedades contemporáneas– y uno de los medios más significativos de la cultura popular en el siglo XXI: los videojuegos. El análisis de contenido de los mensajes ha comprendido ocho videojuegos que, durante los últimos 15 años, revelan un planteamiento narrativo en torno a la afección, pacientes, tratamientos y desenlace de la enfermedad. Los resultados señalan una construcción en la que perviven sus rasgos más populares dirigidos al empoderamiento social frente a la enfermedad a través del recurso a la ciencia, el respaldo social o las convicciones espirituales.

Reseña del libro Reescrituras del paradigma. Alteridad y género en el mundo literario hispánico (Madrid: Sílex, 2022), de Yasmina Romero Morales, Sabrina S. Laroussi y Luca Cerullo.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality rates in neonatal piglets. Two distinct genogroups, S-INDEL (G1a, G1b) and non-S INDEL (G2a, G2b, and G2c), circulate worldwide and are characterized by varying degrees of virulence. Here, we compared the early pathogenesis of a PEDV S-INDEL strain obtained from intestine homogenate (CALAF-HOMOG) or adapted to cell culture by 22 passages (CALAF-ADAP) and a virulent non-S INDEL strain (PEDV-USA) in newborn piglets. After orogastric inoculation of PEDV strains, body weight, temperature and clinical signs were monitored for 48 hpi. Pathological studies were performed at 48 hpi and RNA extracts from jejunal content (at 48 hpi) and rectal swabs (at 0 and 48 hpi) were tested for the presence of PEDV RNA as well as sequenced and compared to the inoculum. Piglets inoculated with PEDV-USA and CALAF-HOMOG isolates showed more severe weight loss, diarrhea, villi fusion and atrophy compared to CALAF-ADAP inoculated piglets. The viral load of rectal swabs was higher in the PEDV-USA inoculated group, followed by CALAF-HOMOG and CALAF-ADAP isolates. Similarly, viral RNA load in jejunal content was comparable among PEDV-USA and CALAF-HOMOG inoculated piglets and higher than that of CALAF-ADAP ones. The comparison of three full PEDV sequences of the inocula with the corresponding ones of pigs after 48 hpi yielded a nucleotide identity >99.9%. This study highlights variations in virulence among S-INDEL and non-S INDEL strains and between S-INDEL isolates obtained from homogenate and cell culture.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a dsDNA virus that can cause high mortality in pigs of all ages. Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) is a highly digestible ingredient used in feed because it benefits performance, gut function and immunity. The objectives were to test if the spray-drying (SD) conditions along with post-drying storage of product for 14 days can inactivate ASFV inoculated in liquid plasma. Fresh liquid porcine plasma was inoculated with ASFV (BA71V) to a final concentration of 105.18 ±0.08 TCID50/mL of liquid plasma. Triplicate 2-L samples of spiked plasma were SD in a lab drier set at an outlet temperature of 80°C or 71°C. The final dried samples were stored at 4°C or 20°C for 14 d. Liquid and SD samples were analyzed for ASFV infectivity in two mirror 24-well plaques containing VERO cells monolayers. Wells were inoculated with different dilutions of SDPP dissolved 1:9 in PBS. One plaque was immediately frozen at -80°C and the other was incubated at 37°C for 3 d. Each dilution was replicated 9 times. After incubation both plaques were analyzed for ASFV by qRT-PCR. Results indicated that the SD process inactivated between 3.2 to 4.2 Logs ASFV TCID50/mL and 2.53 to 2.75 Logs TCID50/mL when the outlet temperature were 80°C and 71°C respectively. All SD samples stored at 4°C or 20°C for 14 d were absent of infectious ASFV. The combination of SD and post drying storage at both temperatures for 14 d was able to inactive >5.18 ±0.08 Log10 of ASFV inoculated in liquid porcine plasma, demonstrating that the manufacturing process for SDPP can be considered safe regarding ASFV.