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Purpose: Speech and language disorders can negatively affect preschool children’s communicative participation skills. Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six-34 (FOCUS-34) is a valid and reliable scale that evaluates communicative participation in preschool children with speech and language disorders. This study aimed to establish the Turkish version of FOCUS-34 (FOCUS-34-TR) and investigate its validity and reliability. Method: A total of 175 children with language disorders, speech sound disorders, and fluency disorders (aged 20-72 months) and their parents were included in the study. Parents were asked to complete the demographic information form, the FOCUS-34-TR scale, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ-SE) Turkish version. The construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the scale were investigated. Results: The FOCUS-34-TR had high values for internal consistency (α = .97) and test-retest reliability (r = .95). The correlations between the FOCUS-34-TR total score and its subscales were between .77 and .90. A moderately significant negative correlation was found between the FOCUS-34-TR scale and the ASQ-SE. Conclusion: The Turkish version of FOCUS-34 is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in clinics and for research purposes to evaluate the communicative participation skills of Turkish-speaking preschool children with speech and language disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language, Speech & Swallowing Research / Dil, Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi (DKYAD) is the property of Journal of Language, Speech & Swallowing Research / Dil, Konusma ve Yutma Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences / Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parents' emotional states, self-efficacy, and perceived social support levels are crucial elements to consider when planning treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). High levels of parental stress, depression, anxiety and low levels of parental efficacy and social support may disrupt the role of parent involvement in early intervention programs. In this study, Hanen's "More Than Words" (HMTW) intervention was provided to a group of parents with children who had been diagnosed early with ASD. Fourteen parents and their children with ASD (four girls and ten boys) were enrolled in the study. The primary impact of the HMTW intervention on parents' emotional states, self-efficacy, interactional behaviors, and perceived social support levels and its secondary effect on children's communication development was investigated in five different time intervals and in three different conditions (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up). The results indicated that the rate of change in the levels of parents' self-efficacy, state of anxiety, parental stress, parental interactional behaviors, and childrens' verbal language performances and interactional behaviors was statistically different in the post-intervention period when compared with the pre-intervention period (p <.05). The HMTW intervention did not only have a positive effect on parents, but also on children with ASD in this study. This research was an extension of the previous "Hanen's More Than Words" efficacy studies to examine the program's primary effect on parents' emotional states, self-efficacy, interactional behaviors, and perceived social support levels and its secondary effect on children's interactional behavior and language development. The findings of the study confirm that the program has the potential to increase parents' sense of efficacy and the quality of parent–child interactions. The main conclusion is that parents, as the main caregivers, should be involved in the treatment of their young children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]