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Shinya Abe1,2, Gaku Inoue1,2, Satoru Yamada1,3, Junichiro Irie1,3, Hiroyuki Nojima2, Kaoru Tsuyusaki2, Kensuke Usui2, Koichiro Atsuda2, Toshikazu Yamanouchi41Diabetes Center, Kitasato Institute Hospital, 2Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, Kitasato University, 3Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 4Department of Internal Medicine, University of Teikyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanObjective: This study aimed to compare the glucose-lowering effect and glycemic variability of insulin glargine with those of insulin detemir.Material and methods: This was an open-label, single-center, randomized, two-way crossover study in patients with diabetes on basal-bolus insulin therapy, with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin as basal insulin. Patients switched from NPH insulin to a course either of insulin glargine followed by insulin detemir, or insulin detemir followed by insulin glargine, continuing the same dose of the prior bolus of insulin. To evaluate the glucose-lowering effect, daily glycemic profiles were recorded for 72 hours by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in an outpatient setting. The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, standard deviation (SD), and the mean of daily difference (MODD) were used to assess intraday and day-to-day glycemic variability.Results: Eleven patients were enrolled and nine completed the study. Mean blood glucose calculated from CGM values was significantly lower with insulin glargine compared with insulin detemir (9.6 ± 2.4 mmol/L versus 10.4 ± 2.8 mmol/L, P = 0.038). The SD was significantly lower with insulin glargine versus insulin detemir (2.5 ± 0.9 mmol/L vs 3.5 ± 1.6 mmol/L, P = 0.011). The MODD value was significantly lower with insulin glargine than with insulin detemir (2.2 ± 1.1 mmol/L vs 3.6 ± 1.7 mmol/L, P = 0.011). There was no significant difference between the two insulin analogs in terms of hypoglycemia.Conclusion: This study suggests that insulin glargine leads to more effective and more stable glycemic control than the same dose of insulin detemir.Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, insulin detemir, insulin glargine

Background:Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis because of its high refractoriness to chemotherapy and tumour recurrence, and these properties have been attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates various molecular mechanisms of cancer progression associated with CSCs. This study aimed to identify the candidate miRNA and to characterise the clinical significance.Methods:We established gemcitabine-resistant Panc1 cells, and induced CSC-like properties through sphere formation. Candidate miRNAs were selected through microarray analysis. The overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed by evaluating the in vitro cell growth and in vivo tumourigenicity. The expression was studied in 24 pancreatic cancer samples after laser captured microdissection and by immunohistochemical staining.Results:The in vitro drug sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells was altered according to the miR-1246 expression via CCNG2. In vivo, we found that miR-1246 could increase tumour-initiating potential and induced drug resistance. A high expression level of miR-1246 was correlated with a worse prognosis and CCNG2 expression was significantly lower in those patients.Conclusions:miR-1246 expression was associated with chemoresistance and CSC-like properties via CCNG2, and could predict worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rate of transmammary transmission of Strongyloides ratti was examined in albino rats in terms of the route of subcutaneous (s.c.) migration from the infection site (the skin) to the cranium. Inoculation sites nearer the cranium resulted in less frequent transmammary infection. The maximum number of adult worms was recovered from the sucklings when the mother was inoculated in her hindquarter and sucklings were allowed to feed for 30-36 h after inoculation (AI). Few worms were recovered from sucklings when they were allowed to nurse during periods of<24 h AI or>42 h AI. In lactating mothers, larval infection of the mammary glands was commonly observed, and these larvae showed an increased esophagus length. In nonlactating mothers, most larvae completed their migration to the cranium within 36 h AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]