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Objective To explore the medication law and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in the treatment of periodontal disease through data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Methods First, data mining was used to search single medicinal materials for the treatment of periodontal disease, and the active components and their action targets were screened. Second, the disease target database was employed to download the targets related to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, map them with the action targets of traditional Chinese medicine, and obtain the targets that are considered potential targets of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of periodontal disease. Potential targets were analyzed for gene ontology function and signaling pathway. They were then screened to obtain the key targets for the treatment of periodontal disease. Finally, the active components were docked with key targets. Results Among the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of periodontal disease, Shudihuang, Mudanpi, Danggui, Fuling, Jinyinhua, Shanyao and Zhimu had the highest frequencies. Forty-three active components and 118 action targets were screened, and 52 potential targets were obtained by intersection with 856 disease targets. The molecular functions and biological processes in which potential targets may participate mainly focus on vitamin D biosynthesis and RNA polymerase Ⅱ regulation and involve 96 signaling pathways. Through the analysis of network topology parameters, 11 key targets were obtained. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components and RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK-1) have good binding activity. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine compounds may play a role in the treatment of periodontal disease by inhibiting alveolar bone absorption, have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and promote tissue repair. The effective treatment of periodontal disease by traditional Chinese medicine compounds provides a more scientific reference to the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine.

All-inorganic metal halide perovskite is promising for highly efficient and thermally stable perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, there is still great room for improvement in the film quality, including low coverage and high trap density, which play a vital role in achieving high-efficiency PeLEDs. In this work, lead acetate (Pb(Ac)2) was introduced into the perovskite precursor solution as an additive. Experimental results show that perovskite films deposited from a one-step anti-solvent free solution process with increased surface coverage and reduced trap density were obtained, leading to enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity. More than that, the valence band maximum (VBM) of perovskite films was reduced, bringing about a better energy level matching the work function of the hole-injection layer (HIL) poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), which is facilitated for the hole injection, leading to a decrease in the turn-on voltage (Vth) of PeLEDs from 3.4 V for the control device to 2.6 V. Finally, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the sky blue PeLEDs (at 484 nm) increased from 0.09% to 0.66%. The principles of Pb(Ac)2 were thoroughly investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This work provides a simple and effective strategy for improving the morphology of perovskite and therefore the performance of PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of MTA on the proliferation and differen⁃ tiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) and the potential of the SCAP to differentiate into odontoblasts. Methods SCAP were cultured in different concentrations of mineral trioxide aggregate（MTA） . MTA experimental group with concentration of 0.01 mg/mL, 0.02 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL were prepared. The number of cells at 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days were measured via a CCK⁃8 assay to ob⁃ serve the effect of MTA on SCAP proliferation. Real⁃time PCR was used to detect the gene expression changes. Cells cultured in alpha MEM culture containing 15% FBS without MTA were set as the control group. Results When cul⁃ tured for 1 d, statistically significant differences in the promotion of in vitro proliferation of SCAP were not observed be⁃ tween each MTA experimental group and the control group (P＞0.05). When cultured for 3 d, 5 d and 7 d, the 0.01 mg/ mL MTA group presented obvious promotion of SCAP proliferation compared with the control group (P＜0.05), whereas the 0.02 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL groups did not presented differences with the control group (P＞ 0.05). The in vitro proliferation of the 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL groups was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05). Real⁃time PCR detection showed that the expression levels of DSPP (t＝⁃11.12, P < 0.05) and Runx2 (t＝⁃10.62, P < 0.05) in the experimental group treated with 0.01 mg/mL MTA for 7 days were higher than those in the control group. Conclusion The 0.01 mg/mL concentration of MTA significantly promotes the proliferation of SCAP and shows the best ability to induce osteogenic and odontoblast differentiation in the SCAP, whereas high concentrations of MTA inhibited the proliferation of SCAP.

Defects in perovskite films are one of the main factors that affect the efficiency and stability of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Uncoordinated ions (such as Pb2+, I−) act as trap states, causing the undesirable non-radiative recombination of photogenerated carriers. The formation of Lewis acid–base adducts in perovskite directly involves the crystallization process, which can effectively passivate defects. In this work, 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole (THI) was introduced into the perovskite precursor solution as a passivation agent. THI is a typical amphoteric compound that exhibits a strong Lewis base property due to its lone pair electrons. It coordinates with Lewis acid Pb2+, leading to the reduction in defect density and increase in crystallinity of perovskite films. Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC increased from 16.49% to 18.97% due to the simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). After 30 days of storage, the PCE of the 0.16 THI PSC was maintained at 61.9% of its initial value, which was 44.3% for the control device. The working mechanism of THI was investigated. This work provides an attractive alternative method to passivate the defects in perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) is an attractive hole transport material for organometallic-halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) because of its excellent hole transport ability and great film-forming property. Nowadays, the PVK hole-transport-layer (HTL) based PSC suffered from low power conversion efficiency (PCE), which mainly caused by bad interface contact between PVK and perovskite film, including the energy level mismatch. Doing PVK is an effective and facial method to modify the buried interface of perovskite film. In this work, 1,1-bis [(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) was added into PVK HTL. Experimental results show that a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level elevation was achieved after doping TAPC. Meanwhile perovskite films with increased crystallinity, reduced defect density and enhanced light absorbance were obtained. Finally, the PCE of PSCs were enhanced from 10.81% of the control device to 15.65% of PVK + 40% TAPC device. The reason that responsible for the energy level lifting, morphology improvement and performance enhancement were thoroughly investigated and analyzed. This work provides an alternative option for the dopant in PVK to improve the buried interface of perovskite film, and therefore, the performance of PSCs. • TAPC was doped in PVK to modify the buried interface of perovskite film. • The HOMO level of HTL was lifted after doping TAPC in PVK. • A reduction in defect density and an enhancement in crystallinity of perovskite film were achieved. • The PCE of PSC was enhanced from 10.98% to 15.35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A π-conjugated small molecule N, N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N, N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB) was introduced into poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a hole transport layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The NPB doping induces a better perovskite crystal growth, resulting in perovskite with a larger grain size and less defect density. Thus, the VOC, JSC, and FF of the PSC were all enhanced. Experimental results show that it can be ascribed to the reduction of surface roughness and improved hydrophilicity of the HTL. The effect of NPB on the aggregation of PVK was also discussed. This work demonstrates the great potential of PVK as the HTL of PSCs and provides an attractive alternative for HTL to realize high-efficiency PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DMSO was used as additive in Pb(Ac) 2 based precursor solution. • The mesophase structure delayed the crystallization of perovskite film. • The improvement of film quality of perovskite enhanced the PCE of PSCs. Organometallic halide perovskite films based on lead iodide precursor often suffered from bad repeatability and the usage of large quantities of toxic solvents due to the need for an anti-solvent washing process. Lead acetate (Pb(Ac) 2) precursor, by contrast, was more promising because of the needless of anti-solvent washing during the fabrication of perovskite films. However, the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) needs to be improved. Here, we developed a simple strategy to improve the efficiency of PSCs by adding a small amount of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) into the precursor solution of perovskite. An increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs from 13.34% to 15.74% was achieved. It was found that with the addition of DMSO, a stable mesophase structure was formed, which significantly delayed the crystallization of perovskite during the spin-coating of precursor solution, resulting in more uniform and dense perovskite films. The trap intensity and charge carrier mobility of the perovskite films were estimated. The charge carrier dynamic and the recombination in the PSCs were studied. Our method provided a convenient way to improve the performance of PSCs based on Pb(Ac) 2 precursor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbiota inhabiting the oral cavity is a complex ecosystem and responsible for resisting pathogens, maintaining homeostasis, and modulating the immune system. Some components of the oral microbiota contribute to the etiology of some oral diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the human oral microbiota is implicated in the development and progression of gastrointestinal cancer. In this review, we described the current understanding of possible roles and mechanisms of oral microbiota in the gastrointestinal cancers studied to date. The perspectives for oral microbiota as the biomarkers for early detection and new therapeutic targets were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of hole transport layers (HTL) greatly affect the performance of inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSC). To understand the mechanisms involved, solvent treatments to HTL poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) by DMSO, ethanol, ethanol:10 vol% DMSO, DMF and acetonitrile were performed when fabricating the PSC devices. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the crystal size of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 ) increased after solvent treatment to PEDOT: PSS. MAPbI 3 film with a uniform crystal size and smooth surface was obtained when being deposited on top of PEDOT: PSS that has been modified with solvent with a strong coordination ability. In the other cases, crystal size homogeneity and surface roughness of the MAPbI 3 film was worse. The improved surface roughness and crystal size homogeneity of the MAPbI 3 film enhanced the short circuit current (J SC ), and therefore the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC. It was found that both the stability of the intermediate phase MAI-DMSO-PbI 2 , which is related to the coordination ability of the solvent molecules, and the morphology of PEDOT: PSS film, influenced the morphology of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 ) film. Our findings provide the basis for better controlling the morphology of MAPbI 3 films in inverted planar heterojunction PSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Optical gain properties of blue emission oligomer 7‐unit 9,9‐dihexylfluorene (7F6) and its blends with polystyrene (PS) are reported. 7F6 demonstrates high photoluminescence quantum yield (65%), low amplified spontaneous emission threshold (EthASE = 0.6 kW cm−2), high gain coefficient (g = 90.9 cm−1), and extremely low distributed feedback laser threshold (Ethlaser = 86 W cm−2). Unlike polymer gain materials, the phase separation between 7F6 and PS is small even in a high blending ratio. The 70 and 50 wt% 7F6/PS blends display excellent gain properties with g = 70.7 and 64.3 cm−1, EthASE = 1.1 and 2.1 kW cm−2, and Ethlaser = 0.3 and 0.41 kW cm−2, respectively. The photostability and thermal stability are improved significantly by blending 7F6 into PS. These results promise 7F6/PS blends as a potential core material for expanding the bandwidth of plastic optical fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy gap between 6,6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and silver (Ag) is disadvantage to the electron collection of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, solvent treatment is applied on the surface of PCBM by using ethanol, acetonitrile and ethanol:5 vol% acetonitrile, respectively. Experimental results showed that solvent treatment greatly enhanced the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. After ethanol:5 vol% acetonitrile treatment, the PCE of PSC increased from 14.03 ± 0.23 % to 17.03 ± 0.13 % due to the simultaneously enhancement of V OC , J SC and FF. Electronic energy level at the surface of PCBM, electron mobility of PCBM film and the dark current density of PSCs were analysed to investigate the work mechanism of solvent treatment. • Solvent treatment was applied on the surface of PCBM. • The PCE of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) increased from 14.03 % to 17.03 %. • The shift of electronic energy level at the surface of PCBM is mainly responsible for the increase of V OC and J SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two asymmetric 9,10-disubstituted anthracene-based, solution-processable, molecular glasses were studied in detail as thin-film laser gain media and were found to demonstrate very low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds (0.75–1.1 μJ/pulse). Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers fabricated with these materials by spin coating on top of pre-etched silica one-dimensional (1-D) gratings exhibited a minimum laser threshold of 5.7 nJ per pulse (17.7 μJ cm −2 ) and maximum slope efficiency of 3.6%. The thermal stability of the gain was also investigated, with ASE observed for thermal annealing at temperatures up to 300 °C without any significant increase in threshold. The high thermal stability and low laser threshold make these materials very promising gain media. Comparison of the two glasses demonstrated that whilst fluorine-substitution significantly lowers the HOMO and LUMO levels it does not dramatically affect the gain. Our results suggest a potential approach for materials synthesis to address the challenge of electrically pumping an organic laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relatively high sheet resistance of graphene compared with indium tin oxide (ITO) blocks the applications of graphene as transparent electrodes in organic light-emitting diodes. A novel copper (Cu)/graphene composite electrode is presented and employed as the anode of a top-emission organic light-emitting diode with the structure of Cu/graphene/V2O5/NPB/Alq3/Alq3: C545T/Bphen: Cs2CO3/Sm/Au. The Cu/graphene composite electrodes are fabricated by growing graphene directly on Cu substrates via the chemical vapor deposition method without any transfer process. The maxima of current efficiency and power efficiency of a typical Cu/graphene composite anode device reach 6.1 cd/A and 7.6 lm/W, respectively, which are markedly higher than those of the control devices with a graphene anode, a Cu anode or an ITO anode. The low sheet resistance of the composite electrode, the high quality of graphene without any transfer process and the avoidance of wave guiding loss in glass or polyethylene terephthalate substrates result in the improvements of light emission efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kind of fluorene-based conjugated polymer with tethered thymine (T) groups {poly[(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorene-{9,9-dioctyl-4-1,2,3-triazol-[5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione}-2,7-fluorene]- co-[(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorene-4,7-bis(5-thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] ( P-3)} was successfully synthesized by a Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction between the acetylene-substituted polymer precursor {poly[(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorene-(9,9-dioctyl-4-phenylacetylene fluorene)]- co-[(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorene-4,7-bis(5-thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole]} and 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. The chemical structures of the intermediates and target polymer were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR analyses. The specific binding with Hg2+ of P-3 was corroborated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence analyses against other metal ions. The results show that P-3 possessed selectivity and sensitivity toward Hg2+. Around 77% of photoluminescence intensity of P-3 was quenched when the concentration of Hg2+ reached 7.7 × 10−4 M and with a detection limit in the range of about 4.8 μ M. A comparison experiment suggested that a synergic effect of the tethered T and S atoms interrelated with Hg2+ existed in P-3. Most of the fluorescence intensity of P-3 was recovered upon the addition of iodide anions to the P-3/Hg2+ complex; this suggested that P-3 could be used as a potential reversible optical Hg2+ probe. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High efficiency all phosphorescent white electroluminescence was realized by double doping of blue-light-emitting bis(2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2′) picolinate (FIrpic) and red iridium complex Ir(DMFPQ)2pbm into conjugated polymer host poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO). Effects of hole-transport layer (HTL) on the performances of white polymer light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs) were investigated. First of all, PVK as the HTL was essential, because the back energy transfer from FIrpic to PFO caused by the low-lying triplet energy level of PFO was suppressed by PVK. Furthermore, performances of the WPLEDs were enhanced by introducing CBP into PVK owing to improved balance of electron and hole current. The resulting all phosphorescent WPLEDs have a peak luminous efficiency of 15.5cd/A and a peak power efficiency of 6lm/W. Commisssion Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.41, 0.38) were realized at a current density of 18mA/cm2. The obtaining of the efficient all phosphorescent white electroluminescence with PFO as host polymer will broaden the approaches of white light generation and be a big promote for the application of phosphorescent WPLEDs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Nonradiative recombination losses caused by defects in the perovskite layer seriously affects the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Hence, defect passivation is an effective way to improve the performance of PSCs. In this work, trichloromelamine (TCM) was used as a defects passivator by adding it into the perovskite precursor solution. The experimental results show that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC increased from 18.87 to 20.15% after the addition of TCM. What's more, the environmental stability of PSCs was also improved. The working mechanism of TCM was thoroughly investigated, which can be ascribed to the interaction between the –NH– group and uncoordinated lead ions in the perovskite. This work provides a promising strategy for achieving highly efficient and stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saturated red polymer light-emitting diodes have been fabricated with a single emitting polymer blend layer of poly[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-5-methoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole] (PFO-DBT1 5). Saturated red emission with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.67, 0.33) was obtained. The device stability was investigated. The results showed that energy transfer occurred from MEH-PPV to PFO-DBT15, and MEH-PPV improved the hole injection and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology of perovskite light-absorption layer plays an important role in the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, BiFeO3 (BFO) nanostructures were used as additive for CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) via anti-solvent method. The addition of BFO nanostructures greatly enhanced the crystallinity, grain size and film uniformity of MAPbI3. As a result, the charge carrier mobility and electron diffusion length increased, leading to the increase of the short circuit current (JSC) of PSCs. This work provides a very simple but effective approach to improve the morphology of perovskite layer for efficient PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commonly used electron transport material (6,6)-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) for perovskite solar cells (PSC) with inverted planar structures suffers from properties such as poor film-forming. In this manuscript, we demonstrate a simple method to improve the film-forming properties of PCBM by doping PCBM with poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) as the electron transport layer (ETL), which effectively enhances the performance of CH3NH3PbI3 based solar cells. With 5 wt % F8BT in PCBM, the short circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF) of PSC both significantly increased from 17.21 ± 0.15 mA·cm−2 and 71.1 ± 0.07% to 19.28 ± 0.22 mA·cm−2 and 74.7 ± 0.21%, respectively, which led to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement from 12.6 ± 0.24% to 15 ± 0.26%. The morphology investigation suggested that doping with F8BT facilitated the formation of a smooth and uniform ETL, which was favorable for the separation of electron-hole pairs, and therefore, an improved performance of PSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality PEDOT:PSS layer plays an important role in achieving efficient FASnI 3 perovskite solar cells. To overcome the defects of the conventional PEDOT:PSS layer, edetate disodium (EDTA-2Na) was applied as the dopant into the PEDOT:PSS solution to modify the film quality. By characterizing the surface morphology and the analysis of the bulk crystallization, it reveals that the incorporation of EDTA-2Na can efficiently optimize the surface morphology, surface energy state and the grain size of the perovskite crystals. Therefore the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite devices can be improved, which as a result leads to the enhancement of the overall device performance as long as the doping concentration of EDTA-2Na was optimized. • Edetate disodium was first used as the dopant to modify the quality of the PEDOT:PSS layer. • Both grain size and surface morphology of the FASnI 3 perovskite were optimized after edetate disodium was added. • The device PCE was increased by more than 30% as for FASnI 3 -based perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported a low cost and high efficient method to fabricate free-standing sulfonated graphene/polyaniline (SG/PANI) nanocomposite papers. The nanocomposite paper had layered structure, and polyaniline (PANI) was uniformly intercalated into the sulfonated graphene layers. The nanostructured PANI was coated on the surface of individual SG sheets. It was found that the sulfonated graphene actually acted as dopants to dope with the PANI. The SG/PANI nanocomposite papers had thin, lightweight, and flexible characters and its supercapacitor devices displayed excellent electrochemical performance in terms of ratio capacitance and good cycling stability. Its ratio capacitance reached 478 F/g at a discharge rate of 0.5 A/g and its capacitance retention rate maintained 88% of its original capacitance after 2000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel oxide (NiOx) has been widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) of p-i-n type perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its many unique properties. However, the poor contact between NiOx and perovskite is disadvantage to the fabrication of high-quality perovskite film, which has bad effect on the open-circuit voltage (V OC), short-circuit current density (J SC) and fill factor (FF) of PSCs. In this report, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as a modifier on the surface of NiOx. Experimental results showed that after PVA modification the PCE of PSCs increased significantly from 16.79% to 19.17% due to the increase of J SC and FF. The MAPbI 3 film on top of the PVA modified NiOx showed larger crystal size, less defect intensity and higher hole mobility. The work mechanism of PVA modification was investigated. This work provides an effective and simple method to improve the performance of PSCs. • PVA modification on NiOx increased the PCE of PSCs from 16.79% to 19.17%. • The film quality of MAPbI 3 was improved after PVA modification. • The wettability of MAPbI 3 precursor solution on NiOx was enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]