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This article considers potential impacts the study of language, including ecolinguistics, can have on important real-world issues, and how linguists and others can involve themselves in addressing these issues for a sustainable future. The article is divided into two parts. The first part provides an illustrative study in which computer tools were utilized to investigate media reporting. The study examined the relative coverage of issues of basic human needs (food, clean water, and sanitation), which are part of the focus of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, in four major newspapers from Malaysia, Singapore, the UK and the US. Data were collected between November 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic was in its early days in terms of worldwide attention. During that time period, the pandemic received far more coverage in those newspapers than did the other issues, even though basic human needs greatly outweighed the COVID-19 pandemic as to deaths and other forms of suffering at the time of data collection, not to mention the toll on human life in the many years before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Reasons for this severe discrepancy were explored with insights from professionals working in the media and related sectors. The skewed distribution of media coverage, we argue, reflects a crisis of responsibility and values. The second part of the article serves to highlight how those of us in language studies can make a contribution to the wider discussion about, among other important concerns, the role and responsibility of media in shaping the public’s views and actions on issues that are at the heart of sustainable development, and how we can be more socially engaged. We conclude by arguing that ecolinguists have much to contribute to the sustainability of the world, which ultimately requires a respect for the entire ecological community.

A crucial input into causal inference is the imputed counterfactual outcome. Imputation error can arise because of sampling uncertainty from estimating the prediction model using the untreated observations, or from out-of-sample information not captured by the model. While the literature has focused on sampling uncertainty, it vanishes with the sample size. Often overlooked is the possibility that the out-of-sample error can be informative about the missing counterfactual outcome if it is mutually or serially correlated. Motivated by the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) of Goldberger in a time series setting, we propose an improved predictor of potential outcome when the errors are correlated. The proposed PUP is practical as it is not restricted to linear models, can be used with consistent estimators already developed, and improves mean-squared error for a large class of strong mixing error processes. Ignoring predictability in the errors can distort conditional inference. However, the precise impact will depend on the choice of estimator as well as the realized values of the residuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify factors associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among Hong Kong Chinese women in a gynaecology outpatient clinic. Methods: Chinese women aged 18 to 65 years who had been sexually active in the past 4 weeks before recruitment and attended the gynaecology clinic of Kwong Wah Hospital between October 2020 and July 2021 were invited to participate in a sexual health survey. Participant demographics were collected through the clinical management system. Sexual function in the previous 4 weeks was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results: 206 women (mean age, 43.6 years) were included in the analysis. The mean total FSFI score was 23.44; 42% of participants were at risk of FSD, with a total FSFI score of =23.45. The score was lowest in the sexual desire domain (2.88) and highest in the coital pain domain (4.51). Participants were divided into three age groups based on their reproductive age status: 18 to 35 years (n=44), 36 to 50 years (n=116), and 51 to 65 years (n=46). Although older age groups tended to have higher risks of FSD, the differences between groups were not significant. Specifically, only the satisfaction domain score was lower in the age group of 36 to 50 years than in the age group of 18 to 35 years (4.16 vs 4.61, p=0.01). The coital pain domain score was lower in menopausal women than in premenopausal women (3.76 vs 4.51, p=0.03). Parous women had a lower sexual desire domain score (2.78 vs 3.04, p=0.04) and higher vaginal lubrication domain score (4.42 vs 3.74, p=0.02) than nulliparous women. Women using contraception had a higher vaginal lubrication domain score than women not using contraception (4.47 vs 3.91, p=0.02). Women with distress related to sexual function had a lower total FSFI score (19.74 vs 23.78, p=0.01), lower satisfaction domain score (3.80 vs 4.42, p=0.02), and lower coital pain domain score (3.38 vs 4.51, p=0.01), compared with women without distress related to sexual function. Conclusion: Although older women tend to be at higher risk of FSD, the correlation between age and FSFI score was not significant. Menopausal women had a lower coital pain domain score; women not using contraception had a lower vaginal lubrication domain score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation on long-term effects of robot-assisted poststroke rehabilitation is challenging because of the difficulties in administration and follow-up of individuals throughout the process. A mobile hybrid neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-robot, i.e., exoneuromusculoskeleton (ENSM) was adopted for a single-group trial to investigate the long-term effects of the robotassisted self-help telerehabilitation on upper limb motor function after stroke. Twenty-two patients with chronic stroke were recruited to attend a 20-session telerehabilitation program assisted by the wrist/hand module of the ENMS (WHENMS). Participants were evaluated before, after, as well as at 3 months and 6 months after the training. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), supplemented by secondary outcome measures of the FMA-UE of the shoulder and elbow (FMA shoulder/elbow), the FMA-UE of the wrist and hand (FMA wrist/hand), the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), as well as electromyography (EMG) and kinematic measurements. Twenty participants completed the telerehabilitation program, with 19 returning for a 3-month follow-up, and 18 for a 6-month follow-up. Significantly improved clinical scores were observed after the training (p = 0.05). These improvements were maintained after 6 months in the FMA-UE, FMA shoulder/elbow, MAS at the wrist flexor, WMFT score, WMFT time, and FIM (p = 0.05). The maintained improvements in motor function were attributed to reduced muscular compensation, as indicated by EMG and kinematic parameters. The WH-ENMS-assisted self-help telerehabilitation could achieve long-lasting rehabilitative effects in chronic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monthly and weekly economic indicators are often taken to be the largest common factor estimated from high and low frequency data, either separately or jointly. To incorporate mixed frequency information without directly modelling them, we target a low frequency diffusion index that is already available, and treat high frequency values as missing. We impute these values using multiple factors estimated from the high frequency data. In the empirical examples considered, static matrix completion that does not account for serial correlation in the idiosyncratic errors yields imprecise estimates of the missing values irrespective of how the factors are estimated. Single equation and systems-based dynamic procedures that account for serial correlation yield imputed values that are closer to the observed low frequency ones. This is the case in the counterfactual exercise that imputes the monthly values of consumer sentiment series before 1978 when the data was released only on a quarterly basis. This is also the case for a weekly version of the Chicago Fed National Activity Index of economic activity that is imputed using seasonally unadjusted data. The imputed series reveals episodes of increased variability of weekly economic information that are masked by the monthly data, notably around the 2014–2015 collapse in oil prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the determinants of eco-friendly electronic good consumption among students at a large Australian university who have been exposed to a marketing campaign, Mobile Muster. Empirical research generally shows younger consumers to be less concerned about the environment. Similar studies demonstrate that peer pressure has a large role to play. Accordingly, using the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, this study examines subjective norms, attitudes, perceived control, environmental concern, altruism, risk aversion, price consciousness, involvement, branding, environmental knowledge, and their relationship with purchase intentions. It is the first study to examine these effects on the purchase of eco-friendly phones, a product of high personal relevance to these consumers. Mediation effects were also assessed. Results showed that subjective norms (friends/experts) can increase intentions and mediate the relationship between information and intentions. Involvement emerged as a significant influencer on intentions, presenting new findings for the literature. Moreover, higher levels of objective knowledge increased intentions. This supported the significant role of the Mobile Muster scheme in dispersing knowledge. These findings are of practical value to educators, allowing them to determine factors that influence consumer knowledge and norms with the aim of enabling students to form more ecological relevant purchase intentions. (Contains 1 note, 6 tables, and 1 figure.)

Rehabilitation robots are helpful in poststroke telerehabilitation; however, their feasibility and rehabilitation effectiveness in clinical settings have not been sufficiently investigated. A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the feasibility of translating a telerehabilitation program assisted by a mobile wrist/hand exoneuromusculoskeleton (WH-ENMS) into routine clinical services and to compare the rehabilitative effects achieved in the hospital-service-based group (n = 12, clinic group) with the laboratory-research-based group (n = 12, lab group). Both groups showed significant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in clinical assessments of behavioral motor functions and in muscular coordination and kinematic evaluations after the training and at the 3-month follow-up, with the lab group demonstrating better motor gains than the clinic group (p ≤ 0.05). The results indicated that the WH-ENMS-assisted tele-program was feasible and effective for upper limb rehabilitation when integrated into routine practice, and the quality of patient–operator interactions physically and remotely affected the rehabilitative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]