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1. The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes

Author

McCrae, Robert R., Chan, Wayne, Jussim, Lee, De Fruyt, Filip, Löckenhoff, Corinna E., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Jr., Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Realo, Anu, Allik, Jüri, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Yik, Michelle, Ficková, Emília, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Reátigui, Norma, Leibovich de Figueora, Nora, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel R., Benet-Martínez, Veronica, Rossier, Jérôme, Bratko, Denis, Marušić, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knežević, Goran, Purić, Danka, Martin, Thomas A., Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter B., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida P., Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Pramila, V.S., and Terracciano, Antonio

Published
2013
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2. The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study

Author

De Bolle, Marleen, De Fruyt, Filip, McCrae, Robert R., Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Costa, Paul T., Jr., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Cain, Thomas R., Chan, Wayne, Chittcharat, Niyada, Crawford, Jarret T., Fehr, Ryan, Ficková, Emília, Gelfand, Michele J., Graf, Sylvie, Gülgöz, Sami, Hřebíčková, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knežević, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Lima, Margarida P., Martin, Thomas A., Marušić, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Porrata, Jose, Purić, Danka, Realo, Anu, Reátegui, Norma, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Vanno, Vitanya, Wang, Lei, Yik, Michelle, and Terracciano, Antonio

Published
2015
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3. Stereotypes of Age Differences in Personality Traits: Universal and Accurate?

Author

Chan, Wayne, McCrae, Robert R., De Fruyt, Filip, Jussim, Lee, Löckenhoff, Corinna E., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Jr., Sutin, Angelina R., Realo, Anu, Allik, Jüri, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Yik, Michelle, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, de Figueora, Nora Leibovich, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel R., Benet-Martínez, Veronica, Rossier, Jérôme, Bratko, Denis, Marušić, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knežević, Goran, Martin, Thomas A., Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter B., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida P., Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Pramila, V. S., and Terracciano, Antonio

Published
2012
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4. Perceptions of Aging Across 26 Cultures and Their Culture-Level Associates

Author

Löckenhoff, Corinna E., De Fruyt, Filip, Terracciano, Antonio, McCrae, Robert R., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Jr., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Blatný, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Lima, Margarida P., Ficková, Emília, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Halberstadt, Jamin, Hřebíčková, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knežević, Goran, de Figueroa, Nora Leibovich, Martin, Thomas A., Marušić, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Miramontez, Daniel R., Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Pramila, V. S., Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Rossier, Jerome, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Smith, Peter B., Szmigielska, Barbara, Wang, Lei, Yamaguchi, Mami, and Yik, Michelle

Published
2009

6. Personality, longevity, and successful aging among Tokyo metropolitan centenarians

Author

Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Nakazato, Katsuharu, and Homma, Akira

Subjects
Tokyo, Japan -- Demographic aspects, Personality -- Demographic aspects, Longevity -- Psychological aspects, Centenarians -- Psychological aspects, Health, Seniors
Abstract

The purpose of our study was to examine two hypotheses: 1) that androgyny and Type B behavior am related to longevity; and 2) that personality characteristics associated with longevity may also be related to successful aging. Participants were eighty-two centenarians (37 men and 45 women) who were compared with 605 elderly in their sixties, seventies, and eighties. Both groups were living in the Tokyo metropolitan area. We used the Bem Sex Role Inventory and Bortner Pattern A Behavior Scales to measure personality, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Cattell Anxiety Scale to measure successful aging. We found that androgyny was not more prominent among centenarians than masculinity, femininity, or undifferentiated. In fact, more femininity was observed. Additionally, we found that more women were classified as feminine than were men. The results indicated more Type B's among centenarians than among those in their sixties and more women than men showed Type B behavior. Our hypothesis that Type B behavior is related to longevity was supported: We observed lower self-esteem for femininity than for either the masculinity or androgyny. We also observed that anxiety was lower for femininity than masculinity but higher than androgyny among women. Type B women showed lower self-esteem than Type A women. Type B men showed lower anxiety than Type A men. We conclude that femininity is related to longevity and that androgyny may be related to successful aging. Further, we suggest that Type B behavior is associated with longevity, but its relationship to successful aging differs between men and women.

Published
1996

7. Psychological Characteristics of Japanese Aged: A Comparison of Sentence Completion Test Responses of Older and Younger Adults.

Author

Shimonaka, Yoshiko and Nakazato, Katsuharu

Abstract

Older Japanese adults had a positive family image and more positive perceptions of their present selves. Younger adults were more positive towards friends and future self-image. Women had consistantly better self-concepts. Both groups were negative toward aging but positive toward the aged. (Author/JAC)

Published
1980

9. The Japanese state-trait anxiety inventory: age and sex differences

Author

Nakazato, Katsuharu and Shimonaka, Yoshiko

Subjects
Sex differences -- Psychological aspects, Aging -- Psychological aspects, Anxiety -- Physiological aspects, Japanese -- Psychological aspects, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Purpose of the present study was to investigate scores on anxiety among adults of different ages. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to a representative community sample of 1,234 men and women whose ages ranged from 25 to 92 yr. Anxiety declined linearly over the series of age groups. A sex difference was also observed on trait anxiety; women showed higher anxiety than men. Occupation was associated with anxiety for men but with education for women. Possible development of anxiety and differential association of demographic variables with anxiety between sexes were discussed in relation to personality.

Published
1989

11. Gender Stereotypes of Personality: Universal and Accurate?

Author

Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Chan, Wayne, McCrae, Robert R., De Fruyt, Filip, Jussim, Lee, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Sutin, Angelina R., Realo, Anu, Allik, Jüri, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Yik, Michelle, Ficková, Emília, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Leibovich de Figueora, Nora, Schmidt, Vanina, and Ahn, Chang-kyu

Published
2014
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12. The Development of Personality Characteristics of Japanese Adults.

Author

Shimonaka, Yoshiko and Nakazato, Katsuharu

Subjects
*JAPANESE people, *PERSONALITY development, *PSYCHOLOGY
Abstract

Investigates personality development by examining cohort differences in dimensions of relationships, including with family, friends, self, and values. Use of a sentence-completion test with a sample of young, middle-aged, and old Japanese; Way that positive self-perception increased with age, reaching the last stage of stability and acceptance of death in old age.

Published
1986
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13. Aging and Terminal Changes in Rorschach Responses Among the Japanese Elderly.

Author

Shimonaka, Yoshiko and Nakazato, Katsuharu

Subjects
*RORSCHACH Test, *PSYCHOLOGICAL testing of older people, *PERSONALITY change
Abstract

The Rorschach Inkblot Test was used to examine how personality changes among the elderly and whether significant changes precede death. Six measurements were conducted over 10 years. The original subjects were 236 healthy Japanese elderly with an average age of 76.4 years; 52 subjects survived throughout the 10-year study. Age-related changes were reflected in the number of responses; responses regarding rejection, shading, and popular; poor form level (F-%); and content range. The changes in these variables suggest that productive and creative thinking, cooperativeness, and concerns for and interests in society lessen with advancing age. Over the 4 to 6 years preceding death, the popular responses and content range declined, and the decline accelerated, before death. Tests within 2 years of death showed less animal movement response (FM), and higher form (F%), F-%, and human content (H%) compared to the survivors. These results suggest that productivity, vital energy, and ego strength become reduced prior to death, whereas interest in and sensitivity to others is maintained to the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1991
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15. Prevalence of Disability in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Among Elderly Japanese.

Author

Koyano, Wataru, Shibata, Hiroshi, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Haga, Hiroshi, Suyama, Yasuo, and Matsuzaki, Toshihisa

Abstract

The prevalence of disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was assessed for seven items of activity — among them, using public transportation, using the telephone, and shopping — in 7,735 elderly residents living in an urban japanese community. The prevalence of disability generally was low (ranging from 6.1% in heating water to 15.9% in preparing meals), but increased significantly with age. The prevalence was higher, controlling by age, in females than in males, with the exception of preparing meals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1988
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