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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of numerous nodes distributed in geographical regions. Security and energy efficiency are challenging tasks due to an open environment and a restricted battery source. The multiobjective trust‐aware artificial hummingbird algorithm (M‐TAAHA) is proposed to achieve secure and reliable transmission over a WSN with a mobile sink (MS). The M‐TAAHA selects secure cluster head (SCH) nodes based on trust, energy, interspace between sensors, interspace between SCH and MS, and the CH balancing factor. A secure route is found by M‐TAAHA with trust, energy, and interspace between SCH and MS. The M‐TAAHA avoids the malicious nodes to improve data delivery and avoid unwanted energy consumption. The M‐TAAHA is analyzed using energy consumption, alive nodes, life expectancy, delay, data packets received in MS, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and packet loss ratio. Existing techniques (LEACH‐TM, EATMR, FAL, Taylor‐spotted hyena optimization [Taylor‐SHO], TBEBR, and TEDG) are used for comparison with the M‐TAAHA. Findings show that the energy consumption of the proposed M‐TAAHA for 1000 rounds is 0.56 J (1.78 × smaller than that of the Taylor‐SHO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of nodes fitted with small sensors and transceiver elements. Energy consumption, data loss, and transmission delays are the major drawback of creating mobile sinks. For instance, battery life and data latency might result in node isolation, which breaks the link between nodes in the network. These issues have been avoided by means of mobile data sinks, which move between nodes with connection issues. Therefore, energy aware multiobjective improved remora optimization algorithm and multiobjective ant colony optimization (EA-MIROA-MACO) is proposed in this research to improve the WSN’s energy efficiency by eliminating node isolation issue. MIRO is utilized to pick the optimal cluster heads (CHs), while multiobjective ant colony optimization (MACO) is employed to find the path through the CHs. The EA-MIROA-MACO aims to optimize energy consumption in nodes and enhance data transmission within a WSN. The analysis of EA-MIROAMACO’s performance is conducted by considering the number of alive along with dead nodes, average residual energy, and network lifespan. The EA-MIROA-MACO is compared with traditional approaches such as mobile sink and fuzzy based relay node routing (MSFBRR) protocol as well as hybrid neural network (HNN). The EA-MIROA-MACO demonstrates a higher number of alive nodes, specifically 192, over the MSFBRR and HNN for 2,000 rounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Haemangiomas are the most common benign tumours of the liver. Most of them are asymptomatic. Giant hepatic haemangioma is defined as of size greater than 5 cm in diameter. The surgical treatment for giant hepatic haemangioma is not very well defined and reported. Here we analysed the treatment outcome of giant hepatic haemangiomas and redefined the nomenclature according to the size, proposing an algorithm for management of all hepatic haemangiomas. Material and methods: Retrospective analyses of 6 giant hepatic haemangiomas more than 10 cm in size treated by a single surgeon were included. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management and outcomes were recorded. Review of literature was done for definitions, management strategies and treatment outcome of giant haemangiomas and an algorithm was proposed. Results: Five patients were female and the mean age was 36.6 years (range 32 to 45). Pain of the abdomen was the most common symptom (100%). Ultrasound of the abdomen was the initial diagnostic modality followed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The mean size of haemangioma was 17.4 cm (range from 12 cm to 32 cm). Four patients had haemangioma in the left lobe and two in the right lobe of the liver. Formal hepatectomy was done in three patients and enucleation was done in three patients. The mean operating time was 3.66 hours (range from 2.5 hours to 5 hours). The mean blood loss was 840 mL (range from 300 mL to 1500 mL). There was no surgical morbidity or mortality. On follow-up, no haemangioma-related complications are reported. Conclusions: Giant hepatic haemangioma is mostly symptomatic. Hepatectomy and enucleation can be done without significant morbidity and mortality. There is a need for redefining the nomenclature of giant hepatic haemangiomas according to their size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: External jugular vein (EJV) aneurysm is an extremely uncommon clinical condition. We have studied the clinical profile and need for surgery in this present seven case series of primary external jugular vein aneurysms. Method: Over the past three years, we have diagnosed and managed aneurysms of external jugular vein in seven patients, who presented with swelling in the posterior triangle of the neck. Venous duplex was obtained in all the patients, followed by computed tomography (CT) in three patients and one patient reported with magnetic resonance (MR) venography from another hospital. Three patients had symptoms ranging from mild intermittent discomfort to moderate pain underwent excision of aneurysm after ligation of both ends of EJV. Four patients had swelling on the lateral side of the neck due to EJV aneurysm, with no other associated symptoms. They were kept on six monthly follow-ups. Result: We operated three patients, as they were symptomatic, of which only two had thrombus in the aneurysmal sac. All three symptomatic patients had aneurysm of size >5 cm. Post-surgery and on subsequent follow-ups they were asymptomatic. The four asymptomatic patients kept on conservative management did not develop any thrombosis of aneurysm sac in follow up. Conclusion: Surgical excision is indicated for symptomatic patients with EJV aneurysm, preferably for size > 5 cm because of their higher association with thrombosis or symptoms. Asymptomatic patients can be managed non-operatively with regular surveillance by clinical examination and venous duplex or can be treated if patients insist due to cosmetic reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 45-year-old woman with known hypothyroidism and no other comorbidities was incidentally found to have multiple right renal artery aneurysms. The largest aneurysm measured 5 x 4.5 cm and arose from an inferior segmental branch while two smaller aneurysms arose from an upper segmental branch of the right renal artery. We performed an ex-vivo repair with reverse saphenous vein graft under cold preservation followed by orthotopic kidney auto-transplantation. Her postoperative course was unremarkable and at 1-year follow-up her right kidney is preserved. In this article, we report successful treatment of complex multiple right renal artery aneurysms and describe the surgical technique used for successful repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 49-year-old woman presented to surgery outpatient clinic with the awareness of a right lower abdomen asymptomatic lump for one week. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen demonstrated a 10×11×15 cm heterogeneous lesion anterior to the ileocecal junction with the possibility of leiomyosarcoma. The patient was prepared for laparotomy and intraoperative there was a large tumour arising from the medial wall of cecum. Right haemicolectomy was performed, and histopathology came as a desmoid tumour of the cecum. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and is well on 1-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of emergency presentation and revascularization in aneurysms of the peripancreatic arteries secondary to celiac trunk or superior mesenteric artery occlusion. He underwent supracoeliac aorta to common hepatic artery bypass with coated polyester 7 mm graft successfully after ligating the aneurysm under proximal control of the SMA (Fig. [Extracted from the article]

In the present study, new substituted isoxazolines (4a-c) have been synthesized via the simple and efficient reaction of flavanones (3a-c) with the hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in ethanol. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by elemental and spectral (IR, 1HNMR, and MS) analysis. The reactions are easy to conduct, under mild conditions, and form coumarin substituted flavanones and isoxazolines in moderate to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the thermodynamical, electronic structure, spectroscopic properties and solvent effect on electronic absorption spectra of fluorine and chlorine substituted coumarin isoxazolines (Ia) and (Ib) by using PBE1PBE functional with 6-311g basis set. The results revealed that the electronegativity of halogen group affect the bond length, atomic charges, excited wavelength, molecular orbital energy gap, vibration frequency, thermo-chemical parameters and stability of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two precursors for coordination polymer design, namely ethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl-acetate (1) and 4-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)l-propionic acid (2), were prepared via a transamination reaction followed by crystallization from MeOH. Single crystal X-ray data analysis revealed that 1 and 2 exhibit homochiral helical and 2D hydrogen bonded networks, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new family of one-dimensional FeII 1,2,4-triazole spin transition coordination polymers for which a modification of anion and crystallization solvent can tune the switching temperature over a wide range, including the room temperature region, is reported. This series of materials was prepared as powders after reaction of ethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl-acetate (αEtGlytrz) with an iron salt from a MeOH/H2O medium affording: [Fe(αEtGlytrz)3](ClO4)2 (1); [Fe(αEtGlytrz)3](ClO4)2·CH3OH (2); [Fe(αEtGlytrz)3](NO3)2·H2O (3); [Fe(αEtGlytrz)3](NO3)2 (4); [Fe(αEtGlytrz)3](BF4)2·0.5H2O (5); [Fe(αEtGlytrz)3](BF4)2 (6); and [Fe(αEtGlytrz)3](CF3SO3)2·2H2O (7). Their spin transition properties were investigated by 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperature dependence of the high-spin molar fraction derived from 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy in 1 reveals an abrupt single step transition between low-spin and high-spin states with a hysteresis loop of width 5 K (Tc↑ = 296 K and Tc↓ = 291 K). The properties drastically change with modification of anion and/or lattice solvent. The transition temperatures, deduced by SQUID magnetometry, shift to Tc↑ = 273 K and Tc↓ = 263 K for (2), Tc↑ = 353 K and Tc↓ = 333 K for (3), Tc↑ = 338 K and Tc↓ = 278 K for (4), T↑ = 320 K and T↓ = 305 K for (5), Tc↑ = 106 K and Tc↓ = 92 K for (6), and T↑ = 325 K and T↓ = 322 K for (7). Annealing experiments of 3 lead to a change of the morphology, texture, and magnetic properties of the sample. A dehydration/rehydration process associated with a spin state change was analyzed by a mean-field macroscopic master equation using a two-level Hamiltonian Ising-like model for 3. A new structural-property relationship was also identified for this series of materials [Fe(αEtGlytrz)3](anion)2·nSolvent based on Mössbauer and DSC measurements. The entropy gap associated with the spin transition and the volume of the inserted counteranion shows a linear trend, with decrease in entropy with increasing the size of the counteranion. The first materials of this substance class to display a complete spin transition in both spin states are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemistry - A European Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)