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Objectives: Rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) remains a significant health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, due to limited access to preventive measures and timely treatment. Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) has become the preferred treatment for RMS, offering a less invasive alternative to surgical mitral valve replacement. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with RMS undergoing PMBV and to assess the procedural outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study included 52 patients who underwent PMBV RMS. Patients with non-RMS, incomplete patient files, or previous valve surgeries were excluded. Results: The procedural success rate was 87%, with better outcomes observed in patients with a Wilkins score ≤8 than in those with a score >8. PMBV resulted in a significant increase in mitral valve area (MVA) (from 1.18±0.19 cm² to 2.27±0.48 cm², p=0.001) and a decrease in both mean mitral valve gradient (from 12.82±3.5 mmHg to 5.97±2.04 mmHg, p=0.001) and maximum mitral valve gradient (from 27.12±14.0 mmHg to 12.70±3.1 mmHg, p=0.001). Although the procedure was generally safe, manageable complications, such as chordal rupture (1 case, 1.9%) and mitral regurgitation (MR) progression, were observed, particularly in patients with higher Wilkins scores. Conclusion: The significant improvements in MVA and reduced gradient observed in our study underscore the effectiveness of PMBV, even in patients with higher Wilkins scores. Although we observed manageable complications, such as chordal rupture and MR progression, the overall safety and efficacy of PMBV in our patient population highlight its value as a practical and effective treatment option for RMS in our clinical setting. These findings support the continued use of PMBV as a standard treatment approach in our region, potentially enhancing the quality of care for patients with this condition.

Abstract Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder worldwide. Acamprosate and naltrexone are anti-craving drugs used in AUD pharmacotherapy. However, molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-craving effect remain unclear. This study utilized a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model system and anti-craving drugs that are used to treat AUD as “molecular probes” to identify possible mechanisms associated with alcohol craving. We examined the pathophysiology of craving and anti-craving drugs by performing functional genomics studies using iPSC-derived astrocytes and next-generation sequencing. Specifically, RNA sequencing performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AUD patients with extreme values for alcohol craving intensity prior to treatment showed that inflammation-related pathways were highly associated with alcohol cravings. We then performed a genome-wide assessment of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles of induced iPSC-derived astrocytes in response to ethanol or anti-craving drugs. Those experiments identified drug-dependent epigenomic signatures, with IRF3 as the most significantly enriched motif in chromatin accessible regions. Furthermore, the activation of IRF3 was associated with ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which could be attenuated by anti-craving drugs, suggesting that ER stress attenuation might be a target for anti-craving agents. In conclusion, we found that craving intensity was associated with alcohol consumption and treatment outcomes. Our functional genomic studies suggest possible relationships among craving, ER stress, IRF3 and the actions of anti-craving drugs.

Introduction: The main aims of the current study were (i) to explore the overlap between Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gaming disorder (GD) diagnoses, (ii) to identify clinical characteristics in clinical settings, and (iii) to measure psychometric properties of the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A). Methods: 222 adolescents who were followed up within a tertiary-care mental health hospital, were included (IGD/GD group [n = 111], clinical comparison group [n = 90], healthy controls [n = 21]). The tools used were the GADIS-A, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short-Form, The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-36), Children’s Global Assessment Scale, and a semistructured interview for DSM-5 diagnoses. Results: The overlap rate of IGD and GD is 73%. Comorbid ADHD diagnoses were more commonly found in the IGD group compared to the clinical comparison group. Patients who met GD and IGD diagnoses revealed higher scores in DERS-36. Turkish GADIS-A Item-total score correlation coefficients were between 0.627 and 0.860. In the sample, there was a high level of correlation between the number of DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic criteria met and GADIS-A scale scores. The Cronbach’s alphas if item deleted ranged between 0.942 and 0.954. In addition, treatment refusal was more frequent in the IGD group than in the clinical comparison group. Conclusion: The GADIS-A had good to excellent psychometric properties in Turkish adolescents. Despite having a stricter diagnostic criterion, GD overlapped with IGD in a clinical population.

Introduction: Acne vulgaris (AV) is the most common skin disease. AV is a skin disease often associated with oxidative stress. Thiols and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) analysis are used as oxidative stress markers. Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the blood levels of thiols and IMA, which are accepted as oxidative stress markers, and to determine the severity of the disease in AV patients whose severity is determined by the global acne score rate (GAS). Methods: Thiol parameters and IMA values ​​were measured spectrophotometrically in blood samples taken from patients and controls. Determine VAS values ​​in AV patients. The thiol and IMA values ​​obtained were compared between the patient and control groups and their correlation with the patient's VAS values ​​was evaluated. Results: In our study, in acne patients, native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT) and index 3 (I3=NT/TT*100) were significantly lower than the control group, disulfide (SS), index 1 (I1=SS/NT*100), index 2 (I2=SS/TT*100) and IMA values were found to be significantly higher. GAS values, which are accepted as an indicator of the degree and severity of acne disease, and SS, I1 and I2 showed a positive correlation, while I3 showed a negative correlation. Conclusion: Our study suggests that oxidative stress associated with AV disease pathogenesis may occur through mechanisms dependent on thiol and IMA levels. Therefore, in AV, oral supplementation or topical application of antioxidants may be a good way to increase drug efficacy or prevent potential harm.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Mania Rating Scale (K-SADSC-MRS), and the Depression Rating Scale (K-SADSC -DRS). METHODS: 151 children and adolescents (6 - 18 years old) and 30 healthy controls (6 - 18 years old) who applied to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry clinic between September 2020 and May 2022 were included in the study. All participants were given K-SADSC-MRS, K-SADSC-DRS, Children's Depression Rating Scale - Revised Form (CDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Children's General Assessment Scale (CCI) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) ) scales were applied. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient of K-SADSC-MRS was found to be 0.899 and similarly, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of K-SADSC-DRS was found to be 0.899. A high correlation was found between YMRS and K-SADSC-MRS (r=0.932, p< 0.001), and between CDRS and K-SADSC-DRS (r=0.911, p< 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the scales showing opposite polarity. In ROC analyses, the area under the curve was found to be 0.927 for K-SADSC-MRS and 0.920 for K-SADSC-DRS. Intra-class correlation coefficients between the interviewers were için 0,996 (%95 confidence interval= 0,992 – 0,998) for K-SADSC-MRS and 0,980 (%95 confidence interval= 0,956 – 0,991) for K-SADSC-DRS. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Turkish forms of K-SADSC-MRS and K-SADSC-DRS are valid and reliable scales and are suitable for use in children and adolescents in our country.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by blisters on the mucous membranes and skin. Autoimmunity is an important complication developing in predominantly antibody deficiencies, which is a subgroup of primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Herein, we present a patient with PV who had primary antibody deficiency and whose disease relapsed during the maintenance period of conventional immunosuppressive treatments but progressed to remission following high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Thus, we aimed to create awareness for the study of primary immunodeficiencies in rare autoimmune bullous diseases.

Since anticoagulation performed by affecting hematological parameters has serious complications such as bleeding, studies are also conducted to benefit from diets instead of prophylactic anticoagulants in order to reduce the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our aim is to review the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in the prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), although the current studies have yet to be conclusive. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by the consumption of plant-based foods such as vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes and unprocessed cereals, and seafood such as fish. The consumption of meat and meat products is low in this diet. The consumption of dairy products is also low. Fruits, vegetables and juices in the Mediterranean diet contain a significant amount of flavonoids. In addition, olive oil, which is one of the basic elements of the Mediterranean diet, has antioxidant properties due to its essential polyphenolic compounds. It has been reported that the low consumption of vegetables contributes to the increase of VTE incidence in Thai society. On the contrary, a diet with plenty of herbal food, fish and a small amount of red meat (Mediterranean diet) has been reported to reduce the risk of VTE. We think that the Mediterranean diet, which is beneficial for our health, may also decrease the risk of DVT. However, medical therapy is required for the treatment of patients with DVT. Nutritional approaches, including the Mediterranean diet, should be considered as supplement.

Objective: Randomized placebo controlled trials (RCT) are very important for testing efficacy and safety of a medical treatment. There is no too much RCT`s in childhood bipolar disorder manic episode. In these trials, high placebo response poses a problem for the definition of real drug responses in practice. Therefore, analysis of predictors of drug and placebo response are important for conducting more reliable RCT`s in the future. Method: Comprehensive search conducted in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and some other electronic databases. Studies including participants with Bipolar Disorder manic episode and associated symptoms (e.g ADHD, irritability) included. There was no restriction in terms of sex, ethnicity or initial severity. Participants over age 18 were excluded. Random effect size model was used for calculate effect sizes for placebo and drugs. Results: A total of 1974 participants and 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Risperidone was highest effect size among drug arms. Number of the sites and number of the participants were associated with higher placebo response in meta-regression. We did not find any variable had an impact on drug response. There was no any publication bias in this meta-analysis. Conclusion: We found similar results as adult studies. Modifying number of the sites or ramdomized sample size may limit placebo response and could improve the efficacy of RCT`s and enhance drug-placebo contrasts.

INTRODUCTION[|]In addition to the relationship between substance use and personality, the personality traits such as hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking are known to be particularly predictive of later substance misuse. These personality traits can be used as markers to provide early prevention intervention against substance use disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship of the personality traits to substance use disorders (SUDs).[¤]METHODS[|]The sample for the first analysis consisted of 13-18-year-old outpatients with SUDs (n=30), outpatients with any psychiatric disorders other than SUDs (n=30), and community-based non-matched healthy controls (n=30). And then, the analysis for comparison among SUDs patient group and another healthy control group matched for age and sex (n=30) was repeated to minimize bias because of the gender heterogeneity in the groups. Substance abuse-related personality traits were measured with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS). Also, Beck Hopelessness Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Barratt Impulsivity Scale and Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking were used as data collection tools. Using independent samples t-test or one-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc tests among two or more groups, the relationship was evaluated.[¤]RESULTS[|]Results show that there is no clear relationship between substance use disorders, and substance abuse-related personality traits measured by SURPS, with significant limitations. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Our study is the first study assessing this relationship in a sample of Turkish adolescents. Further studies should be planned to determine whether the result of our study reflects objective reality or is affected by the limitations. [¤]

The fisheries sector makes significant contributions to the economy for the animal nutritional needs of the people, industry, employment and national income. In particularly the aquaculture sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in Turkey with a growth rate of 11%. Antalya is one of the provinces with an importance in the aquaculture sector. Unfortunately, it is not possible to use this potential efficiently either as the province is also a major tourism destination. As a matter of fact, cage nets in the province have been moved to further locations due to tourism. However, there are still 78 active aquaculture facilities in Antalya, including 73 trout and 5 seabream-seabass. These businesses are performing about 2% of Turkey's aquaculture production. As of 2017, aquaculture production amount in the province was 5,693 tons/year. There are 5 fishing shelters in Antalya in 2017. These are located in Konyaalti, Alanya, Finike, Kas (Center) and Kas (Kalkan) regions. However, the number of landing points cause some confusion and problems in terms of control. For this reason, it is requested to open a Seafood Wholesaler in the province. The fisheries and aquaculture production was 6,779 tons/year in Antalya and 1680 tons in 2016, 1898 tons in 2017 and 2359 tons/year as of 2018 were exported.

Hypertension, which can lead to serious complications, is an important health problem that is widespread worldwide. Although its pathogenesis is still not fully understood, lifestyle modification, appropriate diet and drug therapy can control hypertension. But, this treatment approach should be continued for lifelong. Therefore, various alternative treatment approaches have been developed as a hope against this lifelong treatment approach. Some fruits and vegetables such as garlic, green tea and citrus products are the main herbal products used in the treatment of hypertension. Some of the harmful chemicals that originate from many sources may accumulate in living beings like plants. Therefore, herbal products claimed to be natural may not be safe. Especially herbal products used as tea may contain various toxic metals besides beneficial nutrients, so even serious poisoning may occur. Thus, all novel treatment methods including phytotherapy must be evidence-based and they should not contradict ethical rules.

Yüce Allah ilk insan/Âdem ile eşi/Havva’yı cinsiyet bakımından birini diğerinden üstün kılmadan eşit bir şekilde yaratmış ve her iki cinsin yaratılışının nefs-i vâhide denen aynı öz/cevherden olduğunu bildirmiştir. Buna rağmen müfessirlerin pek çoğu İsrailiyat kaynaklı bazı rivayetleri kullanmak suretiyle ilk insanın eşi/Havva’nın bizzat Âdem’in eğri kaburga kemiğinden yaratıldığını iddia etmişlerdir. Bu inanç İslami gelenekte zamanla oldukça kabul görmüştür. Başta bu rivayetlerde dile getirilen eğrilik olmak üzere erkeklerin fiziki güç gibi bazı farklı yönlerinin üstünlük kriteri sayılması neticesinde kadınlar ikinci sınıf varlıklar olarak algılanmıştır. Bu anlayış zamanla kadınların itibarsızlaştırılmasına ve değer kaybına yol açmıştır. Oysa Yüce Allah sınırlarını kendisinin belirlediği şu kâinat planında erkekler gibi kadınlara da yaratılış özelliklerine göre üstlenmeleri gereken görev ve sorumlulukları yüklemiştir. Bu bağlamda Kur’an-ı Kerim ve sahih sünnette kadınlara en az erkekler kadar değer verildiğini, bir haksızlığa gidilmediğini açıkça görmekteyiz. Bu çalışmada kadına karşı sergilenen ayrımcılığın gerekçeleri üzerinde durularak, Kur’ân’ın ilgili mesajlarının doğru anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamakta ve kadına yönelik itibarsızlaştırma çabalarının ardında dinin değil kültürel birikimin etkili olduğunu ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada, Yalova ili Çiftlikköy ilçesi gençlik caddesindeki 4 şeritli 20,00 m genişliğindeki yolun 0,65. km’sinde meydana gelen heyelanın stabilite problemi iki farklı sonlu elemanlar programında incelenmiştir. Modellemeler sırasında arazideki doğal numunelerden elde edilen fiziksel ve mekanik özellikler kullanılmıştır. Slide programı ile gerçekleştirilen stabilite analizlerinde statik ve dinamik yük etkimesi durumunda şevin kayma dairesi, güvenlik sayısı ve kayma potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Güvenlik sayısının 0,80 mertebelerine düşmesi halinde mevcut göçme davranışı meydana gelmiştir. Ayrıca Plaxis programında kazıklara gelen eksenel kuvvet, kesme kuvveti, eğilme momenti ve yer değiştirme değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çap sabit tutularak 6,00; 8,00; 10,00; 12,00 ve 14,00 m uzunluğunda kazık uygulaması ile gerçekleştirilen çözüm önerilerine göre kazıklardaki içsel kuvvetler ve yer değiştirme değerleri göz önüne alındığında 8,00 m uzunluğunda bitişik nizam tek sıra 60,00 cm’lik fore kazık seçilmiştir. Böylece, yolun güvenli biçimde servise açılabilmesi amacı ile kazıklı duvar önlemi alınarak 4,90 seviyesine yükseltilen güvenlik sayısı ve yaklaşık 65,00 mm’lik kazık tepe deplasmanı ile şevin stabilite problemi çözülmüştür.

Cyberloafing behavior may cause learning and discipline problems in learning environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons and factors for cyberloafing behavior. Within this regard, the Cyberloafing Behavior Scale was applied to 124 university students to examine the reasons of students’ cyberloafing behaviors. Multiple linear regression analysis and content analysis procedures were conducted to examine cyberloafing behavior of students. Findings indicate that the most observed cyberloafing behavior is sharing and messaging during the lesson time. Based on regression analysis, male students having smart phone and low GPA score; spending more time on the Internet, and using more applications are demonstrating more cyberloafing behavior. According to content analysis, reluctance to learn is found to be the main reason for cyberloafing. Besides, receiving smartphone messages, willing to communicate with others via Internet, sense of curiosity on Internet, willingness to have more enjoable time on Internet are found to be other reasons for cyberloafing. Diminishing reluctance to learn could be a significant solution for today’s educational problem – cyberloafing

Türkiye’nin toplam su ürünleri üretimi son yıllarda az da olsa giderek azalmaktadır. Bu azalış avcılıktan kaynaklanmaktadır. Avcılığın tersine yetiştiricilik üretimi ise giderek hızla artmaktadır. Toplam su ürünleri üretiminin yaklaşık 1/5’i ihracata konu olurken, su ürünleri dış ticaret hacmi, miktar ve değer olarak giderek hızla artmaktadır. Tarımdaki gelişimin aksine, su ürünleri dış ticaret dengesi, ihracattaki hızlı artışa paralel olarak giderek artan bir şekilde fazla vermektedir. Bu miktar 2016 yılında yaklaşık 610 milyon $’a ulaşmıştır. Su ürünleri ihracatının kaynağını büyük ölçüde yetiştiricilik oluşturmaktadır. İhracat değeri içerisinde levrek (%24), çipura (%21) ve alabalık (%13) başta gelen türlerdir. İhracat pazarları arasında, %65’lik payı ile AB ülkeleri başta gelirken, AB’ni %6,6 ile Japonya, %5,9 ile Rusya, %3,9 ile Lübnan, %3,5 ile ABD izlemektedir. Türkiye’nin su ürünleri dış pazarlamasındaki en büyük sorunu; uluslararası normlara uygun satış ve işlemedeki eksikliklerdir. Nitekim ihracatın yaklaşık %55’ini taze ya da soğutulmuş balıklar oluştururken, %25’ini balık filetoları ve %9’unu dondurulmuş şeklindeki işlenmiş balıkların oluşturduğu gözlenmektedir. Öte yandan, özellikle son yıllarda yetiştiricilikte yem fiyatlarından dolayı yaşanan olumsuzluklar avcılık stoklarını, dolayısıyla dış ticareti de etkilemektedir. Nitekim toplam üretim içinde %49’luk paya sahip olan hamsilerin yaklaşık yarısı, çaça balıklarının ise neredeyse tamamı balık unu ve yağı için kullanıldığından herbivor ve omnivor türlerin yetiştiriciliği gündeme gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada daha çok istatistiksel kaynaklardan sağlanan ikincil veriler ve bu konuda yapılmış çalışma sonuçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede su ürünleri üretim ve dış ticaretindeki gelişmeler değerlendirilerek, su ürünleri dış ticaretinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ile bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Kur’ân-ı Kerim’i ezberlemek tarih boyunca Müslümanlar için büyük değer olarak telakki edilmiş ve bu bağlamda hâfızlık payesi alabilmeye hep gıpta ile bakılmıştır. Ancak bu konuda başta anadili Arapça olmayan ülkeler olmak üzere İslâm ülkelerinde yaşayan Müslümanların Kur’an’ın lafzı ile manasının birlikte anlaşılmasına yönelik Hz. Peygamber dönemindeki hassasiyetin genellikle ihmal edilmiş olduğu görülmektedir. Hâfızlık eğitimi, Kur’ân’ın nazil oluşundan günümüze ulaşmış en kadim eğitim konularından biridir. Bu eğitim, çoğunlukla eğitimle ilgili kurumların sistematik çabalarıyla sürdürülmüş olsa da bazen de bireysel gayretlerle devam ettirilmiştir. İslâm dünyasında ilk günden itibaren cazibesini hiç kaybetmemiş olan hâfızlık eğitimi, tarihin kimi zaman dilimlerinde duraklama dönemine girse de İslâmi ilimler arasındaki önemini hep muhafaza etmiştir. Şüphesiz sahabenin anlamlarını iyice kavramaya yönelik ayetleri onarlı gruplara ayırarak ezberlemesindeki temel amacın, Kur’ân'ın ezberlenmesinin sadece metni ile sınırlı olmadığını, aynı zamanda anlaşılmasının ve ayetlerinin uygulanmasının da ezberlenmesi kadar önemli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak zamanla İslâm dünyasındaki ve Türkiye’deki hafızlık eğitimine bakıldığında bu uygulamadan uzaklaşıldığı rahatlıkla ifade edilebilir. Kur’ân, güzel okunması ve anlaşılmasının yanı sıra, ortaya koyduğu temel esasların birebir hayatın her alanında yer alması ve uygulanması için indirilmiştir. Son yıllarda yapılan bir araştırmada ülkemizde hâfızlığını tamamlayanlardan %85’inin dini görevlerin dışındaki başka alanlarda çalıştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu tespit üzerinde dikkatlice durulduğunda hâfızlık için harcanan emeğin verimli sonuçlara dönüştürülemediği anlaşılmaktadır. Kur’ân’ın ezberi, Kur’an kurslarında ayetlerin anlamlarıyla neredeyse hiç ilgilenilmeden tecvid kurallarına uygun metin ezberi şeklinde sürdürülmektedir. Hâfızlık eğitimi alan talebelerden çok azı daha önce Arapça eğitimi almış olsa da çoğunluğu dil eğitiminden yoksun olduğu için ezberlediğini anlamadan ve mesajın içeriğini kavramadan ibadet kasdıyla hâfızlığını tamamlamış olmaktadır. Oysa Kur’ân’ın ezberlenmesindeki ideal, literal metnin ezberinin yanında içeriğinin de hayatın merkezine konması olmalıdır. Bu itibarla konuşma dili Arapça olmayan ülkemizde Kur’ân’ın sadece metnini ezberleme/ezberletme sürecinin yanında, onun anlam dünyasına da vakıf olmayı hedefleyen bir usul geliştirilmesi gerekir. Ortalama 2-3 yıl süren hâfızlık eğitimi sürecinde Kur’ân'ın sadece metninin ezberinin değil, aynı zamanda anlam ve muhtevasının da bir bütünlük içerisinde hâfızlık projesinde mutlaka yerini alması gerekir. Anlaşılmadan ve hayata yansıması olmadan yapılan ezberin hayatı anlamlandırmada çok fazla faydasının olmayacağı aşikardır. Yeri gelmişken şunu da ifade etmek gerekir ki, Kur’ân metninin ezberlenmesinin Arapça dil eğitimi ile beraber yapılması, hem ezberin kalıcı olmasına hem de ezberlenen metnin içeriğinin farkına varılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Hafızlık eğitimi kalitesinin artırılması kapsamında yapılabilecek en değerli çalışma, hafız olanlar arasında %15 olan hafızlığa uygun mesleklerde çalışma oranını %60 - %70'lere çıkarabilmektir. Bunun için öncelikli olarak hâfızlık eğitiminin kalitesinin yükseltilmesi, nitelikli eğitim için hem öğretici hem de öğrenci profilinin geliştirilmesi gerekir. Hafızlık eğitimindeki niteliğin geliştirilmesine yönelik Kur’ân hıfzına başlamadan önce hazırlık aşamasında ara ve yaz tatili çok kısa tutularak 2 yıllık bir program uygulanmalıdır. Bu programın 1,5 yılı Arapça eğitimi, 6 ayı da temel dini bilgiler, düzgün Kur’ân okuma, talim, tecvid, mehâric-i hurûf eğitimi ve İmam-hatip liselerinin müfredatında yer alan bazı dersler ile değerlendirilmelidir. Kişiden kişiye değişmekle birlikte ortalama 2 yıllık bir sürede de Kur’ân ezberi yapılmalıdır. Bu süreçte İmam-Hatip liselerinin müfredatı da bu sürece dâhil edilerek program hazırlanmalıdır. Bu şekilde hazırlık eğitimi dâhil toplam 4 yılda hâfızlık eğitim programını başarı ile bitiren öğrenciler, ÖSYM’nin sınavlarında İlahiyat veya İslâmi İlimler Fakültesini tercih ettikleri takdirde ek puan verilerek bu fakültelere geçişleri sağlanmalıdır.

INTRODUCTION: Myocardial Bridge (MB), which is a congenital coronary artery anomaly, is characterized by remaining of a segment of an epicardial coronary artery in the myocardium. The degree of coronary obstruction caused by MB depends on its location, thickness, length and the degree of cardiac contractility. Although its prevalence in autopsy studies is reported to be as high as 80%, coronary angiography studies report a varying prevalence between 0.5% and 16%. METHODS: The study was conducted retrospectively between November 2006 and October 2015 at yüzüncü yıl tıp fakültesi. Angiographic records of 18500 patients who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively analyzed in order to investigate the prevalence of MB. RESULTS: Among 18500 patients undergoing coronary angiography, 203 had MB and the angiographic prevalence was calculated as 1.11%. The average age of the patients was 59.3, the youngest was 28 and the oldest was 84 years old. Of the patients, 40 (20%) were females and 163(80%) were males. MB was most frequently observed in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. 59 patients (29%) had MB in distalLAD, 142 (70%) had in midLAD, and 2 (1%) had in circumflex coronary artery (Cx). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, the prevalence of MB was found smilar to the values presented in various angiography studies in the literature. MB was found significantly more common in males. Also, MB was detected most frequently in the LAD artery.

Objective: The goal of this study was to develop a national database of patients hospitalized in Turkey with acute heart failure (AHF) using evaluations of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Methods: Patient data was collected using an Internet-based survey. Total of 588 patients were enrolled from 36 participating medical centers from across the country. Results: Mean age was 62+-13 years and 38% of the patients were female. Ratio of de novo AHF to study cohort was 24%. Coronary heart disease and hypertension were found in 61% and 53% of the patients, respectively. Valvular heart disease was underlying cause in 46% of heart failure patients. Most frequent factor associated with decompensation was noncompliance with treatment, observed in 34% of patients. Systolic blood pressure was 125+-28 mmHg and heart rate was 93+-22 beats/minute in the cohort. Most common findings on physical examination were inspiratory fine crackles (84%), peripheral edema (64%), and cold extremities in 34%. Mean ejection fraction (EF) measured at admission was 33+-13%. Preserved EF (≥%40) was present in 20% of patients. At admission, 60%, 46%, and 40% of patients were using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, or aldosterone antagonist, respectively. Death, stroke, and myocardial infarction were reported with frequency of 3.4%, 1.6%, and 2%, respectively, as in-hospital events. Conclusion: Compared to some other research data collected around the world, AHF patients in Turkey were younger, more frequently had valvular heart disease as underlying cause, and were more noncompliant with medical treatment, but overall mortality was lower. Drugs shown to reduce mortality, and which also form the backbone of guideline-directed medical therapy, are still used inadequately.

Objectives: Pregnancy associated cardiovascular changes may result in a significant hemodynamic burden and can lead to morbidity and even mortality in women with cardiac disease. The present study aimed to evaluate clinical and echocardiographic follow-up in pregnant patients with valvular heart disease (VHD). Study design: The medical records of pregnant patients diagnosed with VHD from January 2004 to January 2011 were screened. Demographic characteristics including history of cardiac intervention performed during pregnancy, pulmonary edema, and maternal and fetal mortality, and cesarean section (C/S) history were collected from the hospital database and clinical records of the cardiology and obstetrics departments. The echocardiographic examination was carried out at presentation, 3rd trimester, and 1 month after delivery. The outcomes evaluated were cardiac intervention, pulmonary edema, and both fetal and maternal mortality during pregnancy and C/S. Results: We evaluated the outcomes of 884 pregnant patients with VHD. Adverse clinical outcomes including death, pulmonary edema, and valvular interventions were frequent among patients with severe VHD, whereas no adverse clinical outcome was observed in patients with mild-moderate VHD (n=49, 5.5% vs. n=0, 0%, p

Alumina – 20 vol% zirconia (ZTA) nanocomposites were synthesized by the tartaric acid sol-gel method. The precursors gelled from solutions at different pH were prepared and then calcined from 1000 to 1500°C. Surface area measurement (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the synthesized powders. Control of agglomeration state was carried out by changing the pH of the solution. Weakly agglomerated powders were obtained at pH=6, whereas the solution at pH=1 revealed hard agglomerated powders, (agglomeration degrees, N, were found to be 16425 at pH=1 and 102 at pH=6, respectively). The pH dependence of agglomeration was explained by the dissociation behavior of tartaric acid at various pH environments. XRD results showed that the powders have been fully tetragonal phase at 1000°C, while they exhibited tetragonal zirconia with minor monoclinic phase as well as a-Al2O3 at 1500°C. The presence of a-Al2O3 in the nanocrystalline composite contributes the wide range of temperature stability for t-ZrO2 up to 1500°C. TEM micrograph confirmed that alumina and zirconia were dispersed homogenously. Mechanical properties (hardness and indentation fracture toughness) of sintered samples were also determined.

FUNDAMENTO: A função endotelial braquial tem sido associada ao fluxo lento coronário (FLC). O aumento do fluxo sanguíneo para a artéria braquial faz com que o endotélio libere óxido nítrico (ON), com subsequente vasodilatação. Além de sua atividade com betabloqueador, o nebivolol provoca vasodilatação, aumentando a liberação endotelial de ON. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do nebivolol na função endotelial vascular em pacientes com FLC. MÉTODOS: 46 pacientes com FLC e 23 indivíduos com artérias coronárias epicárdicas normais foram examinados com ecocardiografia transtorácica e ultrassonografia da artéria braquial. Os pacientes foram reavaliados dois meses após o tratamento com aspirina ou aspirina e nebivolol. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com FLC apresentaram maior índice de massa corporal (26,5 ± 3,3 vs. 23,8 ± 2,8, p < 0,001), tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico (TRIV) de influxo mitral (114,9 ± 18,0 vs. 95,0 ± 22,0 mseg, p < 0,001), menor fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) (63,5 ± 3,1% vs. 65,4 ± 2,2, p = 0,009), colesterol HDL (39,4 ± 8,5 vs. 45,8 ± 7,7 mg/dL, p = 0,003) e dilatação fluxo-mediada da artéria braquial (DFM) (6,1 ± 3,9% vs. 17,6 ± 4,5%, p BACKGROUND: Brachial endothelial function has been associated with coronary slow flow (CSF). Increasing blood flow to brachial artery provokes endothelium to release nitric oxide (NO) with subsequent vasodilatation. Besides its β1-blocker activity, nebivolol causes vasodilatation by increasing endothelial NO release. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of nebivolol on vascular endothelial function in patients with CSF. METHODS: Forty-six patients with CSF and 23 individuals with normal epicardial coronary arteries were examined with transthoracic echocardiography and brachial artery ultrasonography. The patients were reevaluated two months after treatment with aspirin or aspirin plus nebivolol. RESULTS: Patients with CSF had higher body mass index (26.5 ± 3.3 vs. 23.8 ± 2.8, p < 0.001), mitral inflow isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) (114.9 ± 18.0 vs. 95.0 ± 22.0 msec, p < 0.001) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (63.5 ± 3.1% vs. 65.4 ± 2.2, p = 0.009), HDL-cholesterol (39.4 ± 8.5 vs. 45.8 ± 7.7 mg/dL, p = 0.003) and brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) (6.1 ± 3.9% vs. 17.6 ± 4.5%, p < 0.001). There were significant correlations between FMD and the presence of CSF (r = 0.800, p < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.349, p = 0.003). Among Patients with CSF, although pretreatment mean FMD values were similar (6.1 ± 4.3% vs. 6.0 ± ,6%, p = 0.917) compared to aspirin alone group, posttreatment FMD was significantly higher in patients treated with aspirin plus nebivolol (6.0 ± 3.5% vs. 8.0 ± 2.9%, p = 0.047). Treatment with nebivolol was associated with a significant increase in FMD (6.0 ± 3.6 to 8.0 ± 2.9 %, p = 0.030) whereas treatment with aspirin alone was not. CONCLUSION: Endothelial function may be impaired in both coronary and brachial arteries in patients with CSF and nebivolol may be effective in the improvement of endothelial function in patients with CSF.

FUNDAMENTO: A função endotelial braquial tem sido associada ao fluxo lento coronário (FLC). O aumento do fluxo sanguíneo para a artéria braquial faz com que o endotélio libere óxido nítrico (ON), com subsequente vasodilatação. Além de sua atividade com betabloqueador, o nebivolol provoca vasodilatação, aumentando a liberação endotelial de ON. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do nebivolol na função endotelial vascular em pacientes com FLC. MÉTODOS: 46 pacientes com FLC e 23 indivíduos com artérias coronárias epicárdicas normais foram examinados com ecocardiografia transtorácica e ultrassonografia da artéria braquial. Os pacientes foram reavaliados dois meses após o tratamento com aspirina ou aspirina e nebivolol. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com FLC apresentaram maior índice de massa corporal (26,5 ± 3,3 vs. 23,8 ± 2,8, p < 0,001), tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico (TRIV) de influxo mitral (114,9 ± 18,0 vs. 95,0 ± 22,0 mseg, p < 0,001), menor fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) (63,5 ± 3,1% vs. 65,4 ± 2,2, p = 0,009), colesterol HDL (39,4 ± 8,5 vs. 45,8 ± 7,7 mg/dL, p = 0,003) e dilatação fluxo-mediada da artéria braquial (DFM) (6,1 ± 3,9% vs. 17,6 ± 4,5%, p

OBJECTIVES: The association between P wave dispersion and iron deficiency anemia has not been documented in the literature. In this study, we evaluated P wave dispersion in patients with iron deficiency anemia and the possible relationships between P wave dispersion and other echocardiographic parameters. INTRODUCTION: The iron status of an individual may play an important role in cardiovascular health. Anemia is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. P wave dispersion is a simple electrocardiographic marker that has a predictive value for the development of atrial fibrillation. Apart from cardiovascular diseases, several conditions, such as seasonal variation, alcohol intake and caffeine ingestion, have been demonstrated to affect P wave dispersion. METHODS: The study included 97 patients who had iron deficiency anemia and 50 healthy subjects. The cases were evaluated with a clinical examination and diagnostic tests that included 12-lead electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, patients with iron deficiency anemia showed significantly longer maximum P wave duration (Pmax) (91.1±18.0 vs. 85.8±6.7 msec, p=0.054), P wave dispersion (PWD) (48.1±7.7 vs. 40.9±5.6 msec, p

Background: Prolonged P wave duration and P wave dispersion (PWD) have been associated with an increased risk for atrial fibrillation (AF). Hyperthytodism is a frequent cause of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Forty-two patients with newly diagnosed overt hyperthyroidism and 20 healthy people were enrolled in the study. Transthoracic echocardiography, 12 lead surface ECG and thyroid hormone levels were studied at the time of enrollment and after achievement of euthyroid state with propylthiouracil treatment. Results: Maximum P wave duration (Pmax) (97.4±14.6 vs. 84.2±9.5 msec, p

FUNDAMENTO: Tem sido demonstrado que diminuições na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) estão relacionadas com o prognóstico na insuficiência cardíaca (IC). A administração crônica de trimetazidina, além da terapia convencional, tem melhorado a classe funcional e a função ventricular esquerda de pacientes com IC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da trimetazidina na VFC em pacientes com IC de origem isquêmica, recebendo tratamento otimizado. MÉTODOS: Trimetazidina 20 mg 3 vezes/dia foi adicionada à terapia de 30 pacientes com IC tratados com inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensinogênio ou bloqueadores do receptor da angiotensina, carvedilol, espironolactona, digital e furosemida. A etiologia da IC era doença arterial coronariana em todos os pacientes. Os pacientes foram avaliados através de ecocardiografia e análise da VFC de 24-horas antes e 3 meses depois da adição de trimetazidina. RESULTADOS: A fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE) média aumentou significantemente após a adição da trimetazidina (33,5±5,1% para 42,5±5,8%, pFUNDAMENTO: Se ha demostrado que disminuciones en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) están relacionadas con el pronóstico en la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). La administración crónica de trimetazidina, además de la terapia convencional, ha mejorado la clase funcional y la función ventricular izquierda de pacientes con IC. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos de la trimetazidina en la VFC en pacientes con IC de origen isquémico, recibiendo tratamiento optimizado. MÉTODOS: Se agregó trimetazidina 20 mg 3 veces/día a la terapia de 30 pacientes con IC tratados con inhibidores de la enzima conversora de angiotensinógeno o bloqueadores del receptor de la angiotensina, carvedilol, espironolactona, digital y furosemida. La etiología de la IC era enfermedad arterial coronaria en todos los pacientes. Los pacientes fueron evaluados mediante ecocardiografía y análisis de la VFC de 24-horas antes y 3 meses después de la adición de trimetazidina. RESULTADOS: La fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI) media aumentó significativamente después de la adición de la trimetazidina (33,5±5,1% para 42,5±5,8%, pBACKGROUND: Reduced measures of heart rate variability (HRV) have been shown to be related with prognosis in heart failure. Chronic administration of trimetazidine in addition to the conventional therapy has been shown to improve functional class and left ventricular functions of heart failure patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of trimetazidine on HRV in optimally treated patients with heart failure of ischemic origin. METHODS: Trimetazidine 20 mg three times/day was added to therapy of 30 patients with heart failure being treated with angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, carvedilol, spironolactone, digitalis and furosemide. The etiology of heart failure was coronary artery disease in all patients. Patients were evaluated with echocardiography and 24-hour heart rate variability analysis before and 3 months after addition of trimetazidine. RESULTS: Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly increased after the addition of trimetazidine (33.5±5.1% to 42.5±5.8%, p

FUNDAMENTO: A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) está associada com aumento do fator de risco cardíaco em várias condições. As concentrações de ferro apresentadas por um indivíduo podem ter um papel importante na saúde cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a VFC em pacientes com anemia ferropriva. MÉTODOS: Vinte e três pacientes com anemia ferropriva (hemoglobina (Hb) média = 8,6±2,2 g/dl) e 10 indivíduos saudáveis ( Hb média = 13,9±1,2 g/dl) foram avaliados através de monitoramento ambulatorial por 24 horas (Sistema Holter) durante estadia hospitalar com atividade física limitada. RESULTADOS: Embora a frequência cardíaca (FC) média tenha sido significantemente mais alta em pacientes com anemia, não houve diferença significativa em relação aos parâmetros da VFC quando comparados ao grupo saudável. CONCLUSÃO: Não há diferença significativa nos parâmetros da VFC entre pacientes com anemia ferropriva e indivíduos saudáveis.FUNDAMENTO: La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) está asociada al aumento del factor de riesgo cardiaco en varias condiciones. Las concentraciones de hierro presentadas por un individuo pueden ejercer un rol importante para la salud cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la VFC en pacientes con anemia ferropriva. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron a 23 pacientes con anemia ferropriva (hemoglobina [Hb] media = 8,6±2,2 g/dL) y a 10 individuos sanos (Hb media = 13,9±1,2 g/dL) por medio de monitoreo ambulatorio por 24 horas (Sistema Holter) durante estadía hospitalaria con actividad física limitada. RESULTADOS: Aunque la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) media fue significantemente más alta en pacientes con anemia, no hubo diferencia significante respecto a los parámetros de la VFC en comparación con el grupo de individuos sanos. CONCLUSIONES: No hay diferencia significante en los parámetros de la VFC entre pacientes con anemia ferropriva e individuos sanos.BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with increased cardiac risk factor in several conditions. The iron status of an individual may play an important role in cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate heart rate variability in patients with iron deficiency anemia. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with iron deficiency anemia (mean hemoglobin (Hb) 8.6±2.2 g/dl) and 10 healthy people (mean Hb 13.9±1.2 g/dl) were assessed with 24-hour ambulatory Holter recordings during in hospital course having limited physical activity. RESULTS: Although mean heart rate was significantly higher in patients with anemia, there was no significant difference regarding HRV parameters compared to the healthy group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in HRV parameters between patients with iron deficiency anemia with limited physical activity and healthy ambulatory people.

FUNDAMENTO: Devido à sobreposição de sintomas e inadequada capacidade de exercícios, o diagnóstico não-invasivo da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) pode ser sub ou superestimado em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados de angiografias coronarianas em pacientes com DPOC dependendo das características clínicas basais. MÉTODOS: Os registros médicos de 157 pacientes com DPOC e 157 pacientes sem DPOC pareados por características clínicas basais, que haviam sido submetidos a angiografia coronariana diagnóstica pela primeira vez, foram revisados, retrospectivamente. RESULTADOS: A frequência de DAC era significantemente mais baixa em pacientes com DPOC do que no grupo controle (52,8% vs. 80,2%, pFUNDAMENTO: A causa de la superposición de síntomas e inadecuada capacidad de ejercicios, el diagnóstico no-invasivo de la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) se puede sub o superestimar en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). OBJETIVO: Evaluar los resultados de angiografías coronarias en pacientes con EPOC dependiendo de las características clínicas basales. MÉTODOS: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los registros médicos de 157 pacientes con EPOC y 157 pacientes sin EPOC distribuidos en grupos según características clínicas basales, que se habían sometido a angiografía coronaria diagnóstica por primera vez. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de EAC era significantemente más baja en pacientes con EPOC que en el grupo control (52,8% vs. 80,2%, pBACKGROUND: Due to overlapping symptoms and inadequate exercise capacity, noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) may be under- or overestimated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE: To assess outcomes of coronary angiography in COPD patients depending on baseline clinical characteristics. METHODS: Medical records of 157 patients with COPD and 157 patients without COPD matched for baseline clinical characteristics who had undergone diagnostic coronary angiography for the first time were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The frequency of significant CAD was significantly lower in COPD patients than in the control group (52.8% vs. 80.2%, p

Allergic reaction-associated acute coronary syndrome picture is defined as Kounis syndrome. Although drug use is the most common cause of allergic reaction, foods and environmental factors may also play a role in the etiology. Herein, a case with acute coronary syndrome that developed two times at 8-month interval due to pseudoephedrine use for upper respiratory tract infection is presented.