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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most significant and fast-growing health challenges of the 21st century. Despite the variety of available glucose-lowering agents, many patients do not attain or maintain adequate glycaemic control. Bariatric surgery demonstrates a profound anti-diabetic effect, which is almost immediate and weight-loss independent. The significant improvement in diabetes after bariatric surgery together with the endoscopic accessibility of the duodenum has led to the development of new metabolic endoscopic procedures that capitalise on the importance of the proximal small bowel in glycaemic control. Clinical trials have shown a clear efficacy signal, and now, several devices are undergoing evaluation as primary T2D treatments. Establishing where these procedures fit into the treatment algorithms for T2D and how they can be combined with modern pharmacotherapies is needed in a rapidly changing landscape. Ultimately, through metabolic endoscopy, gastroenterologists are on the cusp of providing safe and effective treatments for the multidisciplinary management of T2D.

Summary: Cooperation and competition shape everyday human interactions and impact individuals’ chances of success in different domains. Using a virtual Stroop test, classically employed to assess general cognitive interference, we examined the impact of social context (cooperation and competition) and other’s ability (higher and lower performers) on performance, perceived stress, and autonomic activity. In Experiment 1, we found that both cooperation with a lower performer and competition with a higher performer led to similar enhancement in performance. However, only competition with a more skilled opponent induced an increase in perceived stress and physiological activity. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that these effects persisted even with prolonged exposure to these contexts. In summary, cooperation can be just as effective as competition in improving individuals’ performance. However, cooperation does not carry the same level of stress and physiological burden as the competitive context, representing a healthier and more optimal way to boost individual performance.

Active objects are those in contact with the first person in an egocentric video. This paper addresses the challenge of anticipating the future location of the next active object in relation to a person within a given egocentric video clip, which is challenging since the contact is poised to happen after the last observed frame by the model, even before any action takes place. As we aim to estimate the position of objects, this problem is particularly hard in a scenario where the observed clip and the action segment are separated by the so-called time-to-contact segment. We term this task Anticipating the Next ACTive Object (ANACTO) and introduce a transformer-based self-attention framework to tackle it. We compare our model with the existing anticipation-based methods to establish relevant baseline methods, where our approach outperforms all of them on three major egocentric datasets: EpicKitchens-100, EGTEA+, and Ego4D. We also conduct an ablation study to better present the effectiveness of the proposed and baseline methods on varying conditions. The code as well as the ANACTO task annotations for the aforementioned first two datasets will be made available upon the acceptance of this paper.

O acompanhamento da situação nutricional é ferramenta essencial de gestão, subsidiando o planejamento, a execução e a avaliação de ações em saúde. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prontidão das Unidades de Saúde da Atenção Primária para avaliação antropométrica em Campo Grande, MS. Foi aplicado às referências técnicas de cada unidade de saúde relacionadas à Atenção Primária à Saúde, um questionário sobre o funcionamento, infraestrutura, recursos materiais e humanos, além de ações realizadas relacionadas à Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (VAN). Os resultados mostram uma situação heterogênea das unidades do município segundo o índice de Prontidão para VAN, dizendo que há unidades preparadas e despreparadas para VAN dentro de um mesmo território. Para isso, são necessárias algumas melhorias, como equipamentos, capacitações dos profissionais de saúde desde a coleta de dados antropométricos e inclusão no sistema, e ainda dos marcadores de consumo alimentar, além da sensibilização quanto a importância de se analisar os relatórios gerados, assim como pelos gestores do município, visando à valorização do SISVAN enquanto sistema de informação em saúde essencial para organização e gestão do cuidado da situação alimentar e nutricional de Campo Grande.

Abstract In this paper, we investigate brain activity associated with complex visual tasks, showing that electroencephalography (EEG) data can help computer vision in reliably recognizing actions from video footage that is used to stimulate human observers. Notably, we consider not only typical “explicit” video action benchmarks, but also more complex data sequences in which action concepts are only referred to, implicitly. To this end, we consider a challenging action recognition benchmark dataset—Moments in Time—whose video sequences do not explicitly visualize actions, but only implicitly refer to them (e.g., fireworks in the sky as an extreme example of “flying”). We employ such videos as stimuli and involve a large sample of subjects to collect a high-definition, multi-modal EEG and video data, designed for understanding action concepts. We discover an agreement among brain activities of different subjects stimulated by the same video footage. We name it as subjects consensus, and we design a computational pipeline to transfer knowledge from EEG to video, sharply boosting the recognition performance.

The measurement of health and safety management performance in organisations is a key step, as well as in any management process, as it provides information to identify the critical areas that require actions to achieve continuous improvement. Within the safety management system (SMS), the performance measurement is therefore associated with the check step in the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle. However, it is also in the planning phase that we need to think about what we will have to measure in order to be able to make decisions in key areas. Unfortunately, based on existing literature and standardisation, there is no unique checklist for measuring the performance of safety management systems. Although theorists and researchers have not yet found standard indicators for measuring the SMS performance, they seem to agree in classifying performance indicators into lagging and leading indicators. While lagging indicators measure the frequency of injuries, illnesses and fatalities that occurred in the past, leading indicators provide information about safety and health activities by enabling organisations to implement preventive measures. In this paper, the authors have proposed a conceptual framework for defining key indicators to measure safety performance. The objective is to design a structured path to identify indicators, among those existing in the literature and those widely used by experts, for each element of the SMS. The steps for using these indicators are also traced.

Simple Summary: Cryoablation therapy is an emerging modality in the treatment of Barrett's esophagus. Our systematic review collected data on this technique to provide evidence of its efficacy and safety and to compare it with the established RFA. The results from twenty-three studies revealed that the complete eradication of dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia was comparable between RFA and cryoablation. More specifically, cryoablation achieved a complete eradication of dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia at rates of 84.2% (95%CI: 79.1–89.3) and 64.1% (95%CI: 49.2–79.0), respectively, whereas 8.3% (95%CI: 4.7–11.9) of cases presented with recurrence. Studies on cryoballoons seem to be more homogenous in terms of dysplasia treatment, complications, and, especially, strictures. Background: The mainstay approach in endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) includes the endoscopic resection of visible lesions, accompanied by ablation of the residual metaplastic epithelium. Cryoablation therapy is one such emerging ablation technique in this field. This systematic review with a meta-analysis aims to accumulate pooled data on cryoablation performance in the treatment of patients with BE and to compare this technique to the standard of care radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: The MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched until June 2024 for studies evaluating BE management using cryoablation for cumulative results. The primary outcome was the complete eradication of dysplasia (CED) and intestinal metaplasia (CEIM) in BE compared to RFA, while secondary outcomes included the respective pooled rates using cryoablation, recurrence, and adverse events, with a separate analysis for strictures. The meta-analyses were based on a random-effects model, and the results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses by type of cryoablation were also performed. Results: Twenty-three studies (1604 patients) were finally included, four of which were comparative. CED and CEIM did not differ significantly between cryoablation and RFA [OR= 0.95 (95%CI: 0.50–1.81) and OR = 0.57 (95%CI: 0.20–1.63), respectively)]. The pooled rates of CED, CEIM, and recurrence after cryoablation were 84.2% (95%CI: 79.1–89.3), 64.1% (95%CI: 49.2–79.0), and 8.3% (95%CI: 4.7–11.9), accompanied by high rates of heterogeneity. Adverse events were noted in 14.5% (95%CI: 9.9–19.2) of cases, and 6.5% (95%CI: 4.1–9.0) developed strictures. In the subgroup analysis, the cryoballoon achieved a reduction in heterogeneity in CED, adverse events, and stricture formation, whereas spray catheters provided homogenous results in terms of recurrence. Conclusions: Cryoablation provides equal outcomes compared to RFA in the treatment of patients with BE, with the cryoballoon achieving relatively homogenous rates of CED and adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data Centres serve as the foundation for digital technologies in the energy sector, enabling advanced analytics, optimization, and automation. However, their rapid growth can exert a substantial influence on the environment due to their energy consumption, water utilization, and production of electronic waste. This research begins with an energy overview of the setup and operations of data centres, highlighting their key components and infrastructure, and emphasizing their crucial role in managing energy resources and driving the energy sector’s digital technologies. Building upon this understanding, a holistic framework is proposed to tackle energy sustainability concerns in data centres, with a focus on energy-related aspects. The framework places emphasis on three primary sustainability metrics, namely energy efficiency, water consumption, and waste management. It underscores the significance of green building design principles and energy-efficient equipment as crucial constituents of sustainable data centre infrastructure. The framework delineates optimal energy operational best practices encompassing virtualization and consolidation, effective cooling tactics, and energy management and monitoring, all aimed at reducing energy consumption and enhancing energy performance. Furthermore, the framework emphasizes the significance of incorporating energy-related sustainability metrics into decision-making procedures and adhering to regulatory standards for energy efficiency. Through adherence to this framework, data centres’ environmental impact can be mitigated and a positive contribution towards a sustainable future can be made, particularly in the realm of energy conservation and optimization.

Our brain constantly combines sensory information in unitary percept to build coherent representations of the environment. Even though this process could appear smooth, integrating sensory inputs from various sensory modalities must overcome several computational issues, such as recoding and statistical inferences problems. Following these assumptions, we developed a neural architecture replicating humans' ability to use audiovisual spatial representations. We considered the well-known ventriloquist illusion as a benchmark to evaluate its phenomenological plausibility. Our model closely replicated human perceptual behavior, proving a truthful approximation of the brain's ability to develop audiovisual spatial representations. Considering its ability to model audiovisual performance in a spatial localization task, we release our model in conjunction with the dataset we recorded for its validation. We believe it will be a powerful tool to model and better understand multisensory integration processes in experimental and rehabilitation environments.

Mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa) is a Brazilian tree and a socioeconomic key due to the commercialization of its food products and tree parts to treat health conditions empirically. This review gathers the main chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the mangabeira tree parts (leaves, fruits, tree bark, latex, and seeds), emphasizing its applicability in food science and focusing on its bioapplicability in health conditions. Leaves, fruits, and tree bark can be used to develop functional foods, and phytochemical products; the tree latex have great potential in the bioengineering material field; and the seeds in sustainable energy production. Leaves and fruits were the main samples bioapplied in health conditions in vitro (oxidative stress and chemopreventive effect) and in vivo (gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effect), whereas tree bark and latex also exhibited health effects and seeds showed low cytotoxicity. All parts of the mangabeira tree can be explored by extractivist families and industries from a sustainable point of view.

Tennis is an intermittent sport, with movements of high intensity and duration. The present study aimed to assess nutritional status focusing on food intake and body composition of high-performance adolescent athletes. Observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted with 9 athletes from a tennis school in Campo Grande-MS, of both sexes, aged between 10 and 15 years. Dietary research of specific food frequency for athletes was used, comparing with the nutritional recommendations of the International Society for Sports Nutrition for energy and macronutrients and the Institute of Medicine for micronutrients. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, arm and waist circumferences and skinfolds were performed to determine body fat (%) and fat-free mass (kg). Regarding adequacy, we observed 77.8% of energy intake, in relation to the recommendations, mean intake of carbohydrates of 6.9 g/kg/day, 2.0 g /kg/day of protein and 1.9 g/kg/day of lipids. Calcium intake was below recommendation in 100% of cases. Mean intake above the recommendation was found for zinc, vitamin E and C. Adequate body fat was observed in only 33.3% of tennis players. We concluded that the majority of athletes presented inadequate intake of proteins and micronutrients, which may be reflected in their body composition.

Maintenance of equipment is a crucial issue in almost all industrial sectors as it impacts the quality, safety, and productivity of any manufacturing system. Additionally, frequent production rescheduling due to unplanned and unintended interruptions can be very time consuming, especially in the case of centrally controlled systems. Therefore, the ability to estimate the likelihood that a monitored machine will successfully complete a predefined workload, taking into account both historical data from the machine’s sensors and the impending workload, may be essential in supporting a new approach to scheduling activities in an Industry 4.0 production system. This study proposes a novel approach for integrating machine workload information into a well-established PHM algorithm for Industry 4.0, with the aim of improving maintenance strategies in the manufacturing process. The proposed approach utilises a logistic regression model to assess the health condition of equipment and a neural network computational model to estimate its failure probability according to the scheduled workloads. Results from a prototypal case study showed that this approach leads to an improvement in the prediction of the likelihood of completing a scheduled job, resulting in improved autonomy of CPSs in accepting or declining scheduled jobs based on their forecasted health state, and a reduction in maintenance costs while maximising the utilisation of production resources. In conclusion, this study is beneficial for the present research community as it extends the traditional condition-based maintenance diagnostic approach by introducing prognostic capabilities at the plant shop floor, fully leveraging the key enabling technologies of Industry 4.0.

Background Hemostatic powders are used as second-line treatment in acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (AGIB). Increasing evidence supports the use of TC-325 as monotherapy in specific scenarios. This prospective, multicenter study evaluated the performance of TC-325 as monotherapy for AGIB. Methods Eighteen centers across Europe and USA contributed to a registry between 2016 and 2022. Adults with AGIB were eligible, unless TC-325 was part of combined hemostasis. The primary endpoint was immediate hemostasis. Secondary outcomes were rebleeding and mortality. Associations with risk factors were investigated (statistical significance at P=0.05). Results One hundred ninety patients were included (age 51-81 years, male: female 2:1), with peptic ulcer (n=48), upper GI malignancy (n=79), post-endoscopic treatment hemorrhage (n=37), and lower GI lesions (n=26). The primary outcome was recorded in 96.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92.6-98.5) with rebleeding in 17.4% (95%CI 11.9-24.1); 9.9% (95%CI 5.8-15.6) died within 7 days, and 21.7% (95%CI 15.6-28.9) within 30 days. Regarding peptic ulcer, immediate hemostasis was achieved in 88% (95%CI 75-95), while 26% (95%CI 13-43) rebled. Higher ASA score was associated with mortality (OR 23.5, 95%CI 1.60-345; P=0.02). Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 100% of cases with malignancy and post-intervention bleeding, with rebleeding in 17% and 3.1%, respectively. Twenty-six patients received TC-325 for lower GI bleeding, and in all but one the primary outcome was achieved. Conclusions TC-325 monotherapy is safe and effective, especially in malignancy or postendoscopic intervention bleeding. In patients with peptic ulcer, it could be helpful when the primary treatment is unfeasible, as bridge to definite therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]