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8. Hydrodynamic simulations of WD-WD mergers and the origin of RCB stars

Author

Shiber, Sagiv, De Marco, Orsola, Motl, Patrick M., Munson, Bradley, Marcello, Dominic C., Frank, Juhan, Diehl, Patrick, Clayton, Geoffrey C., Skinner, Bennett N., Kaiser, Hartmut, Daiss, Gregor, Pfluger, Dirk, and Staff, Jan E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We study the properties of double white dwarf (DWD) mergers by performing hydrodynamic simulations using the new and improved adaptive mesh refinement code Octo-Tiger. We follow the orbital evolution of DWD systems of mass ratio q=0.7 for tens of orbits until and after the merger to investigate them as a possible origin for R Coronae Borealis (RCB) type stars. We reproduce previous results, finding that during the merger, the Helium WD donor star is tidally disrupted within 20-80 minutes since the beginning of the simulation onto the accretor Carbon-Oxygen WD, creating a high temperature shell around the accretor. We investigate the possible Helium burning in this shell and the merged object's general structure. Specifically, we are interested in the amount of Oxygen-16 dredged-up to the hot shell and the amount of Oxygen-18 produced. This is critical as the discovery of very low Oxygen-16 to Oxygen-18 ratios in RCB stars pointed out the merger scenario as a favorable explanation for their origin. A small amount of hydrogen in the donor may help keep the Oxygen-16 to Oxygen-18 ratios within observational bounds, even if moderate dredge-up from the accretor occurs. In addition, we perform a resolution study to reconcile the difference found in the amount of Oxygen-16 dredge-up between smoothed-particle hydrodynamics and grid-based simulations., Comment: 32 pages, Accepted to MNRAS

Published
2024
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9. Vulnerability of mineral-associated soil organic carbon to climate across global drylands

Author

Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Maestre, Fernando T., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Eldridge, David J., Saiz, Hugo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Asensio, Sergio, Berdugo, Miguel, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Mendoza, Betty J., García-Gil, Juan C., Zaccone, Claudio, Panettieri, Marco, García-Palacios, Pablo, Fan, Wei, Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Rey, Ana, Eisenhauer, Nico, Cesarz, Simone, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Aramayo, Valeria, Arroyo, Antonio I., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Ben Salem, Farah, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Branquinho, Cristina, Bu, Chongfeng, Cáceres, Yonatan, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Currier, Courtney M., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Deák, Balázs, Dickman, Christopher R., Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew J., Durán, Jorge, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Ferrante, Daniela, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan J., Gusman Montalván, Elizabeth, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M., von Hessberg, Andreas, Hölzel, Norbert, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Hughes, Frederic M., Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, Geissler, Katja, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kindermann, Liana, Koopman, Jessica E., Le Roux, Peter C., Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jushan, Louw, Michelle A., Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, Margerie, Pierre, Mazaneda, Antonio J., McClaran, Mitchel P., Messeder, João Vitor S., Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Reyes, Victor M., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Ruppert, Jan C., Sala, Osvaldo, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Julius, Sloan, Michael, Solongo, Shijirbaatar, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton R. A., Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Throop, Heather L., Tielbörger, Katja, Travers, Samantha, Val, James, Valko, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zeberio, Juan M., Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Plaza, César

Published
2024
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12. Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world

Author

Gross, Nicolas, Maestre, Fernando T., Liancourt, Pierre, Berdugo, Miguel, Martin, Raphaël, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maire, Vincent, Saiz, Hugo, Soliveres, Santiago, Valencia, Enrique, Eldridge, David J., Guirado, Emilio, Jabot, Franck, Asensio, Sergio, Gaitán, Juan J., García-Gómez, Miguel, Martínez, Paloma, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Mendoza, Betty J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Pescador, David S., Plaza, César, Pijuan, Ivan Santaolaria, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Amghar, Fateh, Arroyo, Antonio I., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bailey, Lydia, Ben Salem, Farah, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Branquinho, Cristina, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea del P., Castro, Helena, Castro, Patricio, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Donoso, David A., Durán, Jorge, Espinosa, Carlos, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Ferrante, Daniela, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan, Gonzalez, Sofía, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jeltsch, Florian, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kindermann, Liana, le Roux, Peter, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Manzaneda, Antonio J., Marais, Eugene, Margerie, Pierre, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Messeder, João Vitor S., Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gaston R., Peter, Guadalupe, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Ramírez-Iglesias, Elizabeth, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Pedro J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor M., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Rolo, Victor, Rubalcaba, Juan G., Ruppert, Jan C., Sala, Osvaldo, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Throop, Heather L., Tielbörger, Katja, Travers, Samantha, Undrakhbold, Sainbileg, Val, James, Valkó, Orsolya, Velbert, Frederike, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Lixin, Wang, Deli, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolff, Peter, Yahdjian, Laura, Yari, Reza, Zaady, Eli, Zeberio, Juan Manuel, Zhang, Yuanling, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann

Published
2024
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14. Influence of Rhenium Concentration on Charge Doping and Defect Formation in MoS2

Author

Munson, Kyle T., Torsi, Riccardo, Habis, Fatimah, Huberich, Lysander, Lin, Yu-Chuan, Yuan, Yue, Wang, Ke, Schuler, Bruno, Wang, Yuanxi, Asbury, John B., and Robinson, Joshua A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Substitutionally doped transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are the next step towards realizing TMD-based field effect transistors, sensors, and quantum photonic devices. Here, we report on the influence of Re concentration on charge doping and defect formation in MoS2 monolayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Re-MoS2 films can exhibit reduced sulfur-site defects; however, as the Re concentration approaches 2 atom%, there is significant clustering of Re in the MoS2. Ab Initio calculations indicate that the transition from isolated Re atoms to Re clusters increases the ionization energy of Re dopants, thereby reducing Re-doping efficacy. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy, we show that Re dopant clustering creates defect states that trap photogenerated excitons within the MoS2 lattice. These results provide insight into how the local concentration of metal dopants affect carrier density, defect formation, and exciton recombination in TMDs, which can aid the development of future TMD-based devices with improved electronic and photonic properties., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023
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20. The complete sequence and comparative analysis of ape sex chromosomes

Author

Makova, Kateryna D., Pickett, Brandon D., Harris, Robert S., Hartley, Gabrielle A., Cechova, Monika, Pal, Karol, Nurk, Sergey, Yoo, DongAhn, Li, Qiuhui, Hebbar, Prajna, McGrath, Barbara C., Antonacci, Francesca, Aubel, Margaux, Biddanda, Arjun, Borchers, Matthew, Bornberg-Bauer, Erich, Bouffard, Gerard G., Brooks, Shelise Y., Carbone, Lucia, Carrel, Laura, Carroll, Andrew, Chang, Pi-Chuan, Chin, Chen-Shan, Cook, Daniel E., Craig, Sarah J. C., de Gennaro, Luciana, Diekhans, Mark, Dutra, Amalia, Garcia, Gage H., Grady, Patrick G. S., Green, Richard E., Haddad, Diana, Hallast, Pille, Harvey, William T., Hickey, Glenn, Hillis, David A., Hoyt, Savannah J., Jeong, Hyeonsoo, Kamali, Kaivan, Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky, LaPolice, Troy M., Lee, Charles, Lewis, Alexandra P., Loh, Yong-Hwee E., Masterson, Patrick, McGarvey, Kelly M., McCoy, Rajiv C., Medvedev, Paul, Miga, Karen H., Munson, Katherine M., Pak, Evgenia, Paten, Benedict, Pinto, Brendan J., Potapova, Tamara, Rhie, Arang, Rocha, Joana L., Ryabov, Fedor, Ryder, Oliver A., Sacco, Samuel, Shafin, Kishwar, Shepelev, Valery A., Slon, Viviane, Solar, Steven J., Storer, Jessica M., Sudmant, Peter H., Sweetalana, Sweeten, Alex, Tassia, Michael G., Thibaud-Nissen, Françoise, Ventura, Mario, Wilson, Melissa A., Young, Alice C., Zeng, Huiqing, Zhang, Xinru, Szpiech, Zachary A., Huber, Christian D., Gerton, Jennifer L., Yi, Soojin V., Schatz, Michael C., Alexandrov, Ivan A., Koren, Sergey, O’Neill, Rachel J., Eichler, Evan E., and Phillippy, Adam M.

Published
2024
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21. The variation and evolution of complete human centromeres

Author

Logsdon, Glennis A., Rozanski, Allison N., Ryabov, Fedor, Potapova, Tamara, Shepelev, Valery A., Catacchio, Claudia R., Porubsky, David, Mao, Yafei, Yoo, DongAhn, Rautiainen, Mikko, Koren, Sergey, Nurk, Sergey, Lucas, Julian K., Hoekzema, Kendra, Munson, Katherine M., Gerton, Jennifer L., Phillippy, Adam M., Ventura, Mario, Alexandrov, Ivan A., and Eichler, Evan E.

Published
2024
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22. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author

Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, Osvaldo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Saiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew, Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew David, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Ivan, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan, Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth, Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Emiliano Quiroga, R., Reed, Sasha, Rey, Ana, Rey, Pedro, Gómez, Víctor Manuel Reyes, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan Christian, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew David, Tielbörger, Katja, Robles, Silvia Torres, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Maestre, Fernando T.

Published
2024
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24. Gender and Age Biases in the Assessment of Speech Accuracy: A Study of Speech-Language Clinicians' Ratings of /s/ Accuracy

Author

Benjamin Munson, Chloe Wruck, Nina R. Benway, and Jonathan L. Preston

Abstract

Purpose: Typically developing children assigned male at birth (AMAB) and children assigned female at birth (AFAB) produce the fricative /s/ differently: AFAB children produce /s/ with a higher spectral peak frequency. This study examined whether implicit knowledge of these differences affects speech-language pathologists'/speech and language therapists' (SLPs'/SLTs') ratings of /s/ accuracy, by comparing ratings made in conditions where SLPs/SLTs were blind to children's sex assigned at birth (SAB) to conditions in which they were told this information. Methods: SLPs (n = 95) varying in clinical experience rated the accuracy of word-initial /s/ productions (n = 87) of eight children with speech sound disorder in one of four conditions: one in which no information about the children was revealed, one in which children's SAB was revealed, one in which children's age was revealed, and one in which both were revealed. Results: Despite there being no statistically significant differences between AFAB and AMAB children's /s/ production in researcher-determined accuracy or in one acoustic characteristic, spectral centroid, SLPs in all four conditions judged the /s/ productions of AFAB children as more accurate than AMAB children. Listeners were significantly less likely to judge the productions of AMAB children to be inaccurate in the conditions in which age or age and SAB were revealed. These effects were consistent across SLPs with greatly varying levels of clinical experience. Conclusion: Knowing or imputing children's age and SAB can affect ratings of /s/ accuracy. Clinicians should be mindful of these potential effects. Future research should understand how expectations about sociolinguistic variation in speech affect appraisals of their speech and language.

Published
2024
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25. The Constant Work of Access: How Coaches Use Strategies to Respond to the Micropolitical Forces That Shape Their Classroom Access

Author

Evthokia Stephanie Saclarides and Jen Munson

Abstract

Coaches develop and use a complex system of strategies to gain access to teachers' classrooms for coaching. In the process, coaches confront micropolitical forces within the school organization that shape access, either enhancing or impeding coaches' chances of being viewed as a trusted and valued partner in teacher learning. In this qualitative interview study with 28 content-focused coaches in one school district, we used a micropolitical lens to better understand how coaches coordinate micropolitical forces and strategies to gain access to teachers' classrooms, finding that force-strategy coupling was a prevalent coaching practice. We found that coaches most frequently reported using strategies to respond to 2 micropolitical forces: (1) teacher openness to coaching and (2) structures of time and workload. Coaches responded to these forces differently depending on whether the force functioned to support or inhibit access. This research expands on the micropolitical work of coaching and coach agency.

Published
2024
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26. Forces That Shape Coaches' Classroom Access

Author

Evthokia Stephanie Saclarides and Jen Munson

Abstract

For coaches, access to classrooms isn't straightforward and is far from guaranteed. Access is a prerequisite for coaching, yet there are many barriers beyond a coach's control, making their job difficult to impossible. In this article, the authors detail how five administrative and structural forces shaped coaches' access to teachers' classrooms. The authors include recommendations for school and district leaders for how to best support coach access and, ultimately, the efficacy of coaching programs.

Published
2024

27. Conflict and Cooperation: Micropolitical Forces Affecting Coaches' Access

Author

Jen Munson and Evthokia Stephanie Saclarides

Abstract

Coaches develop and use strategies to gain access to teachers' classrooms to support teacher learning and instructional improvement. These strategies respond to the specific conditions in which coaches work, including organizational structures and interpersonal factors that can either facilitate or impede access. In this interview study of 28 content-focused coaches in one district, we used a micropolitical lens to explore the forces that influenced coaches' access to teachers' classrooms. Ultimately, we identified nine distinct forces that either supported or constrained coaches' access to classrooms. These forces were bound together in a micropolitical system of interpersonal and structural forces influenced by larger macropolitical forces. Interpersonal forces emanated from three kinds of actors in the school organization: administrators, teachers, and the coaches themselves. Implications for the application of micropolitical theory to future research on the negotiations inherent to coaching and the implications for school districts seeking to establish an effective coaching program are discussed.

Published
2024
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28. Online Education: A Scoping Review Examining Learning and Satisfaction Outcomes in Social Work, Medicine, and Nursing

Author

Nicholas Lanzieri, Stephen Maher, and Michelle R. Munson

Abstract

Social work has a proliferation of online courses. Both nursing and medicine have been using online technology for years with noted success within a variety of subjects. The current scoping review examined empirical research of online learning and satisfaction outcomes in social work, while also comparing results with nursing and medicine. Results showed that most social work studies that examined learning outcomes between online and traditional courses found differences, whereas approximately half of the studies in nursing and medicine reported no differences. Satisfaction results were more varied in each discipline. Taken together, both learning and satisfaction outcomes remain inconclusive due to documented limitations related to study designs. Implications for social work education are discussed and recommendations are provided.

Published
2024
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30. APOE4/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer’s disease microglia

Author

Haney, Michael S., Pálovics, Róbert, Munson, Christy Nicole, Long, Chris, Johansson, Patrik K., Yip, Oscar, Dong, Wentao, Rawat, Eshaan, West, Elizabeth, Schlachetzki, Johannes C. M., Tsai, Andy, Guldner, Ian Hunter, Lamichhane, Bhawika S., Smith, Amanda, Schaum, Nicholas, Calcuttawala, Kruti, Shin, Andrew, Wang, Yung-Hua, Wang, Chengzhong, Koutsodendris, Nicole, Serrano, Geidy E., Beach, Thomas G., Reiman, Eric M., Glass, Christopher K., Abu-Remaileh, Monther, Enejder, Annika, Huang, Yadong, and Wyss-Coray, Tony

Published
2024
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31. Herbivore effects increase with latitude across the extent of a foundational seagrass

Author

Campbell, Justin E., Kennedy Rhoades, O., Munson, Calvin J., Altieri, Andrew H., Douglass, James G., Heck, Kenneth L., Paul, Valerie J., Armitage, Anna R., Barry, Savanna C., Bethel, Enrique, Christ, Lindsey, Christianen, Marjolijn J. A., Dodillet, Grace, Dutton, Katrina, Fourqurean, James W., Frazer, Thomas K., Gaffey, Bethany M., Glazner, Rachael, Goeke, Janelle A., Grana-Valdes, Rancel, Jenkins, Victoria J., Kramer, Olivier A. A., Linhardt, Samantha T., Martin, Charles W., Martinez Lopez, Isis G., McDonald, Ashley M., Main, Vivienne A., Manuel, Sarah A., Marco-Méndez, Candela, O’Brien, Duncan A., O’Shea, Owen R., Patrick, Christopher J., Peabody, Clare, Reynolds, Laura K., Rodriguez, Alex, Rodriguez Bravo, Lucia M., Sang, Amanda, Sawall, Yvonne, Smith, Khalil, Smulders, Fee O. H., Sun, Uriah, Thompson, Jamie E., van Tussenbroek, Brigitta, and Wied, William L.

Published
2024
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32. Non-native plant invasion after fire in western USA varies by functional type and with climate

Author

Prevéy, Janet S., Jarnevich, Catherine S., Pearse, Ian S., Munson, Seth M., Stevens, Jens T., Barrett, Kevin J., Coop, Jonathan D., Day, Michelle A., Firmage, David, Fornwalt, Paula J., Haynes, Katharine M., Johnston, James D., Kerns, Becky K., Krawchuk, Meg A., Miller, Becky A., Nietupski, Ty C., Roque, Jacquilyn, Springer, Judith D., Stevens-Rumann, Camille S., Stoddard, Michael T., and Tortorelli, Claire M.

Published
2024
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34. Convergence of coronary artery disease genes onto endothelial cell programs

Author

Schnitzler, Gavin R., Kang, Helen, Fang, Shi, Angom, Ramcharan S., Lee-Kim, Vivian S., Ma, X. Rosa, Zhou, Ronghao, Zeng, Tony, Guo, Katherine, Taylor, Martin S., Vellarikkal, Shamsudheen K., Barry, Aurelie E., Sias-Garcia, Oscar, Bloemendal, Alex, Munson, Glen, Guckelberger, Philine, Nguyen, Tung H., Bergman, Drew T., Hinshaw, Stephen, Cheng, Nathan, Cleary, Brian, Aragam, Krishna, Lander, Eric S., Finucane, Hilary K., Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata, Gupta, Rajat M., and Engreitz, Jesse M.

Published
2024
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40. The Past Informs Our Today

Author

Munson, Becca

Abstract

In this article, the author examines how school librarianship has changed, but also remained the same over time. School librarians consistently hold to core values of collaboration, learning, equity and inclusion, access and literacy amidst changes in the landscape--technology, materials, school expectations, and student needs.

Published
2023

41. Preschoolers Rely on Rich Speech Representations to Process Variable Speech

Author

Cychosz, Margaret, Mahr, Tristan, Munson, Benjamin, Newman, Rochelle, and Edwards, Jan R.

Abstract

To learn language, children must map variable input to categories such as phones and words. How do children process variation and distinguish between variable pronunciations ("shoup" for "soup") versus new words? The unique sensory experience of children with cochlear implants, who learn speech through their device's degraded signal, lends new insight into this question. In a mispronunciation sensitivity eyetracking task, children with implants (N = 33), and typical hearing (N = 24; 36-66 months; 36F, 19M; all non-Hispanic white), with larger vocabularies processed known words faster. But children with implants were less sensitive to mispronunciations than typical hearing controls. Thus, children of all hearing experiences use lexical knowledge to process familiar words but require detailed speech representations to process variable speech in real time.

Published
2023
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42. Pedagogical Sensemaking during Side-by-Side Coaching: Examining the In-the-Moment Discursive Reasoning of a Teacher and Coach

Author

Munson, Jen and Dyer, Elizabeth B.

Abstract

Background: Pedagogical sensemaking, in which teachers attempt to figure something out in relation to teaching and learning, as a form of generative teacher discourse can provide opportunities for teachers to learn. However, much of the research in these areas examines how teachers reason during sustained collegial discourse outside the classroom. Methods: This exploratory case study of one side-by-side coaching session, in which a coach and teacher collaborate to support both student and teacher learning in the classroom, qualitatively examined the coach-teacher discourse to determine whether and how pedagogical sensemaking can occur in a practice-embedded teacher learning setting. Findings: We find that generative pedagogical sensemaking is possible despite the contextual constraints. Findings indicate that teacher-coach interactions included and frequently moved between talk at three altitudes: within, across, and beyond moments of the lesson. The topics of these interactions were complex and connected across the lesson. Contribution: These findings point to particular affordances of practice-embedded settings for generative pedagogical sensemaking. While prior research has emphasized the need for sustained time for sensemaking to support teacher learning, this study expands this conception by finding that, when coupled with shared experiences of pedagogy, brief, cumulative interactions during teaching can also create opportunities for generativity.

Published
2023
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43. Incidence and Laboratory Diagnosis of Sexually-Transmitted Infections among University Students in a High-Prevalence Community

Author

Sienkiewicz, Laura, Thomas, Yazmine, Reynoso, Alyssa, and Munson, Erik

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of four sexually-transmitted infection (STI) agents among university students. Participants: A total of 1744 Milwaukee, Wisconsin metropolitan area student encounters at two university health clinics. Methods: Following consent, participants completed an eight-item demographic and behavioral questionnaire and provided a specimen for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium RNA testing. Results: C. trachomatis (7.2%) and M. genitalium (6.7%) detection rates were highest, with C. trachomatis more likely to result in symptomatic infection in males and females. Female M. genitalium detection rates did not differ as a function of symptomatic status. Students identifying as African American were more likely to test positive for M. genitalium than other races/ethnicities. M. genitalium detection in both genders was a function of reported condom usage. Conclusions: Students would benefit from familiarity with emerging STI agents, as well as behaviors associated with increased risk of STI.

Published
2023
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44. What Communication Skills Do Other Disciplines Value Most? A Communication across the Curriculum Needs Analysis

Author

Broeckelman-Post, Melissa A., Norander, Stephanie, Ball, Timothy C., Quesenberry, Brandi A., Adebayo, Adebanke Loveth, Munson, Sammi, Collier, Aayushi Hingle, Stewart, Briana M., and Taylor-Heflin, Shannon M.

Abstract

This study sought to gain insight into how faculty in other disciplines perceive communication skills as well as to conduct a needs analysis that can help us to develop resources to support faculty who are integrating communication assignments into their disciplinary courses. Survey data were collected from 232 faculty at three large, public universities, and qualitative follow-up interviews were conducted with 12 faculty across institutions and disciplines. Results showed that there is wide variation in the complexity with which our colleagues define communication. Group and interaction skills were among the most valued communication skills, along with a variety of presentation skills. While explanatory and argumentation skills were highly valued, they are also areas where growth is needed. Online and mediated communication skills were rated as least important in the survey that was completed prior to COVID-19, but were discussed as an emerging need in the interviews conducted during the pandemic.

Published
2023
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45. What Pedagogy Feels Like: Teachers' Development of Pedagogical Empathy in Rehearsal Debriefs

Author

Jen Munson and Erin E. Baldinger

Abstract

Background: Emotions are inherently intertwined with learning and disciplinary identity, and this relationship demands that teachers attend and respond to students' emotions. In this study, we forward a theory that the development of "pedagogical empathy," or the capacity to understand the implications of student emotions and use emotional data to make adaptive pedagogical decisions, is a component of adaptive expertise. Methods: Using qualitative methods to analyze the discourse in eight debrief discussions among secondary mathematics teachers following rehearsals of practice, we examine how teachers used this opportunity to generate and use emotional data in support of the development of pedagogical empathy. Findings: We found that rehearsal debriefs provided an opportunity to make emotional data available to participants in three ways and that teachers then used that emotional data in six ways across the debriefs. Student emotions, both from teachers in the position of students and in consideration of hypothetical students in the classroom, were pervasive in the debrief discussions. Contribution: After considering the ways in which emotional data were made visible and used, we return to theory to consider how these highlight the opportunities rehearsals offer to develop pedagogical empathy and discuss implications for teacher education and future research.

Published
2023
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46. Relating Acoustic Measures to Listener Ratings of Children's Productions of Word-Initial /[Voiced Alveolar Approximant]/ and /w/

Author

Elizabeth E. Ancel, Michael L. Smith, V. N. Vimal Rao, and Benjamin Munson

Abstract

Purpose: The /[voiced alveolar approximant]/ productions of young children acquiring American English are highly variable and often inaccurate, with [w] as the most common substitution error. One acoustic indicator of the goodness of children's /[voiced alveolar approximant]/ productions is the difference between the frequency of the second formant (F2) and the third formant (F3), with a smaller F3-F2 difference being associated with a perceptually more adultlike /[voiced alveolar approximant]/. This study analyzed the effectiveness of automatically extracted F3-F2 differences in characterizing young children's productions of /[voiced alveolar approximant]/-/w/ in comparison with manually coded measurements. Method: Automated F3-F2 differences were extracted from productions of a variety of different /[voiced alveolar approximant]/- and /w/-initial words spoken by 3- to 4-year-old monolingual preschoolers (N = 117; 2,278 tokens in total). These automated measures were compared to ratings of the phoneme goodness of children's productions as rated by untrained adult listeners (n = 132) on a visual analog scale, as well as to narrow transcriptions of the production into four categories: [[voiced alveolar approximant]], [w], and two intermediate categories. Results: Data visualizations show a weak relationship between automated F3-F2 differences with listener ratings and narrow transcriptions. Mixed-effects models suggest the automated F3-F2 difference only modestly predicts listener ratings (R2 = 0.37) and narrow transcriptions (R2 = 0.32). Conclusion: The weak relationship between automated F3-F2 difference and both listener ratings and narrow transcriptions suggests that these automated acoustic measures are of questionable reliability and utility in assessing preschool children's mastery of the /[voiced alveolar approximant]/-/w/ contrast.

Published
2023
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47. Assembly of 43 human Y chromosomes reveals extensive complexity and variation

Author

Hallast, Pille, Ebert, Peter, Loftus, Mark, Yilmaz, Feyza, Audano, Peter A., Logsdon, Glennis A., Bonder, Marc Jan, Zhou, Weichen, Höps, Wolfram, Kim, Kwondo, Li, Chong, Hoyt, Savannah J., Dishuck, Philip C., Porubsky, David, Tsetsos, Fotios, Kwon, Jee Young, Zhu, Qihui, Munson, Katherine M., Hasenfeld, Patrick, Harvey, William T., Lewis, Alexandra P., Kordosky, Jennifer, Hoekzema, Kendra, O’Neill, Rachel J., Korbel, Jan O., Tyler-Smith, Chris, Eichler, Evan E., Shi, Xinghua, Beck, Christine R., Marschall, Tobias, Konkel, Miriam K., and Lee, Charles

Published
2023
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48. The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome

Author

Rhie, Arang, Nurk, Sergey, Cechova, Monika, Hoyt, Savannah J., Taylor, Dylan J., Altemose, Nicolas, Hook, Paul W., Koren, Sergey, Rautiainen, Mikko, Alexandrov, Ivan A., Allen, Jamie, Asri, Mobin, Bzikadze, Andrey V., Chen, Nae-Chyun, Chin, Chen-Shan, Diekhans, Mark, Flicek, Paul, Formenti, Giulio, Fungtammasan, Arkarachai, Garcia Giron, Carlos, Garrison, Erik, Gershman, Ariel, Gerton, Jennifer L., Grady, Patrick G. S., Guarracino, Andrea, Haggerty, Leanne, Halabian, Reza, Hansen, Nancy F., Harris, Robert, Hartley, Gabrielle A., Harvey, William T., Haukness, Marina, Heinz, Jakob, Hourlier, Thibaut, Hubley, Robert M., Hunt, Sarah E., Hwang, Stephen, Jain, Miten, Kesharwani, Rupesh K., Lewis, Alexandra P., Li, Heng, Logsdon, Glennis A., Lucas, Julian K., Makalowski, Wojciech, Markovic, Christopher, Martin, Fergal J., Mc Cartney, Ann M., McCoy, Rajiv C., McDaniel, Jennifer, McNulty, Brandy M., Medvedev, Paul, Mikheenko, Alla, Munson, Katherine M., Murphy, Terence D., Olsen, Hugh E., Olson, Nathan D., Paulin, Luis F., Porubsky, David, Potapova, Tamara, Ryabov, Fedor, Salzberg, Steven L., Sauria, Michael E. G., Sedlazeck, Fritz J., Shafin, Kishwar, Shepelev, Valery A., Shumate, Alaina, Storer, Jessica M., Surapaneni, Likhitha, Taravella Oill, Angela M., Thibaud-Nissen, Françoise, Timp, Winston, Tomaszkiewicz, Marta, Vollger, Mitchell R., Walenz, Brian P., Watwood, Allison C., Weissensteiner, Matthias H., Wenger, Aaron M., Wilson, Melissa A., Zarate, Samantha, Zhu, Yiming, Zook, Justin M., Eichler, Evan E., O’Neill, Rachel J., Schatz, Michael C., Miga, Karen H., Makova, Kateryna D., and Phillippy, Adam M.

Published
2023
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