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Abstract Background The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance has posed challenges for scientists, especially in developing better drug formulations. The discovery of new antibiotics could take years. Therefore, the management of an ideal drug delivery system has become a primary focus nowadays. Main body of abstract Almost all skin diseases could be treated with the administration of topical drugs, especially infectious skin diseases. The increasing cases of antimicrobial resistance require innovative strategies and actions. In dermatokinetics, achieving optimal drug concentrations in the deepest layers of skin tissue is a significant challenge. Human skin has remarkably complex characteristics, presenting a major obstacle in efficiently maintaining drug efficacy. Nanocarriers are an important part of nanomedicine which provide excellent drug penetration through various drug delivery systems. Lipid-based nanovesicles, such as liposome, are the oldest and most potential nanovesicles for such a purpose. Several studies have shown the efficacy of liposome-contained antibiotics and offered the lowest microbial inhibition concentration (MIC). It is suggested that liposome also delivers greater drug accumulation compared to blank drugs. Short conclusion Liposome is a flexible lipid-based drug delivery that enhances drug permeation through skin tissue by mimicking the lipid bilayer system of the organ. It is non-toxic, less immunogenic, and easily degraded by enzyme. The incorporation of liposome into antibiotics may reduce the inefficient drug dosage since the encapsulation will protect the active compounds prior to being released from the vehicle. Thus, the lowest MIC and less clinical side effects will be obtained. Graphical abstract

Diesel power plants produce wastewater containing heavy metals. This study focused on analyzing the role of mangroves around the site. The results showed that Cu metal concentrations in sediments ranged from 10.01–17.76 mg/kg and Cr ranged from 13.06–20.34 mg/kg, and Cu and Cr metal concentrations in Avicennia sp. mangrove were 25.04–42.05 mg/kg; 11.78–28.21 mg/kg, respectively, and showed bioaccumulation and translocation abilities of Cu and Cr of 2.34–2.5 (BCF > 1) and 0.63-0.69 (TF < 1); 0.9–1.39 (BCF < 1) and 0.4-0.53 (TF 1) and 0.61-0.74 (TF 1) and 0.62-0.84 (TF 1 indicates that mangroves are accumulators, and BCF < 1 is an excluder. TF value < 1 indicates that mangroves are phytostabilisers. This research can be a reference for diesel power plant companies to plant mangroves Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. around the source of wastewater outlets. In addition to absorbing CO2 emissions in the environment, they can also absorb heavy metals derived from diesel processing

Background: To date, more than 70 variants of non-deletional mutations associated with α-thalassaemia have been recognized and recorded, showcasing the diverse genetic manifestations of the condition. Objective: This study is to provide data on the non-deletional alpha (α) thalassaemia cases at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah (HTAR), Klang, Selangor and to compare the hematological parameters (Hb, RBC, MCH, MCV, MCHC) of non-deletional α thalassaemia with the deletional variant. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving data extraction from the HTAR hematology laboratory registry on confirmed thalassaemia cases via DNA analysis from January 2017 to December 2019. Hematological parameters were obtained from the laboratory database. Results: A total of 479 α thalassaemia cases were recruited, 98 (20.5%) were non-deletional type. Among these, 75 (76.5%) were heterozygous Hb CS, 17 (17.3%) heterozygous Hb Adana, 3 (3.1%) heterozygous Hb Quong Sze (QS) and 1 (1.0%) case each of compound heterozygous Hb Constant Spring (CS) and Hb Adana (αCSα/αCD59α), compound heterozygous Hb CS and -3.7kb deletion (αCSα /-α3.7) and compound heterozygous of Hb CS and SEA deletion (αCSα/--SEA). In the single and double gene mutated groups, there was no significant difference of hematological parameters between the deletional and non-deletional groups. Among the nondeletional variants, there was a significant association between Hb, MCH and MCHC parameters and the number of mutated α gene. Conclusion: The result can update the data of non-deletional α thalassaemia.

The increasing mining activities have led to the problem of acid mine drainage (AMD) pollution. A method that combines biochar treatment as an adsorbent with wetland sediment treatment as a source of sulfate-reducing bacteria is used to address AMD effectively. This research aimed to determine the ability of biochar in combination with wetland sediment treatment to reduce sulfate and heavy metal content in acid mine drainage wastewater. This research was conducted on a laboratory scale in an AMD wastewater treatment reactor with the following treatments of biochar mixed with wetland sediment. Observations included sulfate content, pH, and heavy metal content. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was also performed on the biochar. SEM observations revealed the presence of small, dense, and irregularly shaped pores on the surface of the biochar. The results on day 30 showed that biochar mixed with wetland sediment was able to reduce sulfate concentration by 74.19% and reduced Pb by 73.79%, compared with treatment sediment only to 64.81% sulfate concentration and reduced Pb by 53.85%, treatment biochar only had reduced sulfate of 46.90% and reduced Pb by 58.67% and control 1.79% sulfate concentration and reduced Pb by 1.87%.

The position of Bengkulu Province, which is flanked by the subduction zone between the Euro-Asian and Indian-Australian plates to the west, and the Sumatra Fault zone to the east, makes Bengkulu City one of the areas prone to earthquake disasters. Muara Bangkahulu District is one of the sub-districts in Bengkulu City. Muara Bangkahulu sub-district is an area that functions as a government centre, trade and service centre, and one of the education centres in Bengkulu City. This study aims to determine the ground response in the Muara Bangkahulu sub-district area during an earthquake. The wave propagation method used in this study is a one-dimensional equivalent of linear and nonlinear modelling that propagates earthquake waves from bedrock to surface. The results of this study are Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), amplification factor, earthquake acceleration time history, and acceleration spectra response. The results of this analysis will be compared between equivalent linear and nonlinear values. The results of this study can also help us realise and further consider the value of seismic design in the Muara Bangkahulu sub-district area, mainly if a stronger earthquake occurs in the future.

The phenomenon of smartphone addiction in junior high school students needs serious attention to identify the factors that influence it. This study aims to analyze the relationship between academic stress, self-control, and social isolation and smartphone addiction in junior high school students. This research used a quantitative approach with 216 class VII and VIII subjects at SMP Negeri 2 Palangka Raya obtained using quota sampling. Data was obtained using the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA), Brief Self-Control Scale (SCS), and General Belongingness Scale (GBS), which was then analyzed using Spearman's rho correlation analysis. The results of the research show that there is a positive relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction in junior high school students. There is no relationship between self-control and smartphone addiction in junior high school students. There is a positive relationship between social isolation and smartphone addiction in junior high school students. Levels of smartphone addiction and academic stress tend to be high, while levels of self-control tend to be low to medium, and levels of social isolation tend to be moderate to low. The research suggests that it is essential to pay attention to academic stress and social isolation in order to prevent or overcome smartphone addiction in junior high school students.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap jejak genosida VOC di Kepulauan Banda tahun 1621 sebagai sebuah memoria in passionis kepada sebuah kejujuran penulisan sejarah (truestoriografi) di masa kini. Fenomena ikonoklasme yang marak terjadi di Belanda bagaikan badai Nieuwe Beelden harus dimengerti sebagai sebuah kesadaran historis baru yang sedang tumbuh dalam kehidupan warga dunia. Dalam kesadaran baru itulah hasrat untuk menuliskan ulang sejarah kehidupan orang Banda menjadi penting bagi masa depan yang lebih baik. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan perspektif fenomenologi-historis lewat penelusuran sumber-sumber sejarah terkait. Hasil telaah ini merekomendasikan sebuah upaya menuliskan ulang sejarah dengan cara yang lebih jujur, adil dan terbuka demi masa depan bersama. Kesadarn rasional sangat diutamakan ketika berhadapan dengan ikon-ikon kolonial di ruang publik agar tetap dapat memahami konteks sejarah masa lalu dengan sikap yang berkeadilan demi kedamaian hidup bersama

Corruption represents a breach of the economic rights of society, elevating it beyond mere criminality to the status of an extraordinary offense. Therefore, safeguarding the rights of individuals who report instances of corruption is necessary to ensure their protection. As law enforcement officers, Prosecutors hold the authority to provide legal protection to whistleblowers of corruption, as stipulated in Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims (LPSK). Among the various legal protections provided to whistleblowers, maintaining the confidentiality of their identity stands out as the utmost priority. This protection is crucial to ensure effective law enforcement. Hence, safeguarding whistleblowers is important, and to formalize this, law enforcement should be empowered to provide them with the necessary protection.

Abstract The human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene encodes a polymorphic protein that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response. Human MBL deficiency is associated with immunodeficiencies, and its variants have been linked to autoimmune and infectious diseases. Despite this significance, gene studies concerning MBL sequencing are uncommon in Malaysia. Therefore, we aimed to preliminary described the human MBL sequencing dataset based on the Kelantan population. Blood samples were collected from 30 unrelated individuals and underwent DNA extraction, genotyping, and sequencing. The sequencing data generated 886 bp, which were deposited in GenBank (ON619541-ON619546). Allelic variants were identified and translated into six MBL haplotypes: HYPA, HYPB, LYPB, LXPB, HXPA, and LXPA. An evolutionary tree was constructed using the haplotype sequences. These findings contribute to the expansion of MBL information within the country, providing a valuable baseline for future research exploring the association between the gene and targeted diseases.

Abstract Background Global efforts reduced incidence of polio cases from 350,000 in 1988 to 22 cases in 2022 globally. There have been no wild poliovirus (WPV) cases seen in Somalia since August 2014. However, in 2017, there was a surge in the number of cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), even with different intervention responses using monovalent oral polio vaccine type 2 (mOPV2). This study aimed to assess the use of fractional inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV), a smaller dose of the polio vaccine, equal to 1/5 of a standard dose, as an innovative polio vaccination delivery model, and identify the main opportunities for and challenges to the use of fIPV in the future for vaccinations. Methods The study used two designs: a quasi-experimental design used to pilot fIPV in five districts and a cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect primary data. A simple random sampling method was used to select 2 out of the 5 pilot districts for household surveys to study 768 participants. Key informant interviews and focus-group discussions were used to collect data from key frontline health workers and health/immunization officials involved in the campaigns. Secondary data from the pilot campaigns were analysed, such as administrative pilot data, lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) and post-campaign communication assessments. Results A total of 131,789 children aged 4–59 months were included for the pilot. Among these, 126,659 (96.1%) and 126,063 (95.6%) children were vaccinated in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Out of the 768 households assessed, 99.9% had their children vaccinated. Nearly half of the few children who were not vaccinated were reported to be due to the parent of the child not being at home (48%). Ninety-seven percent of the qualitative study interviewees were satisfied with fIPV injection and recommended its use for routine immunization. Conclusions The study findings are promising in the use of fIPV in mass campaigns to realize better coverage and global polio eradication. fIPV will potentially be used by policymakers in the design of polio eradication campaigns that integrate the fIPV vaccine into routine or supplementary immunization.

Differences in antioxidant activity and the components that contribute to this activity in the essential oil (EO) of three varieties of Indonesian ginger were studied. The EOs were isolated at various distillation times and their composition was identified by GCMS. Antioxidant activities were determined by in vitro analysis, while Pearson correlation followed by density functional theory (DFT)-based reactivity descriptors analysis was used to identify their antioxidant components. A total of 29 components were identified from all studied ginger EOs where geranial was main component of red (28.3 %) and gajah ginger (20.4 %), while zingiberene (16.2 %) was main component of emprit ginger EO. In general, the gajah ginger EO was demonstrated the best antioxidant activity. Pearson correlation analysis was revealed 9 components, namely β-myrcene, D-limonene, α-sabinene, geranyl acetate, α-curcumene, α-zingiberene, α-farnesene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene, may be contribute for antioxidant activity with strong correlation value (r>0.6). Reactivity descriptors of B3LYP optimized geometry and DEF2-SVP basis set confirmed the reactivity of the nine components and revealed zingiberene as the most reactive. This study has revealed the differences in antioxidant activity and antioxidant components of Indonesian ginger EOs, thus providing clearer information regarding the best variety and composition profile as a natural antioxidant ingredient.

Social media has proven to be quite effective in raising awareness and anti-corruption movements in society. This research aimed to analyze the use of social media Twitter as a means of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in conducting anti-corruption campaigns in Indonesia. The research employed a qualitative content analysis on the KPK's official Twitter account. The data were processed using the NVIVO 12 Plus software to answer research questions. This research revealed that the KPK's Twitter account is quite active in carrying out anti-corruption campaign activities, although in general it is not optimal. It can be seen from the low intensity of communication and limited communication network so that it is considered as less collaborative. Improving the problems is needed by KPK as it must also show good performance so that public trust continues in high condition. However, this research has limitations in looking at all anti-corruption campaigns carried out by the KPK because it only used Twitter as the reference. Therefore, further research is suggested to analyze all KPK social media such as Youtube and Instagram.

Background The chloroplast genome has the potential to be genetically engineered to enhance the agronomic value of major crops. As a crop plant with major economic value, it is important to understand every aspect of the genetic inheritance pattern among Elaeis guineensis individuals to ensure the traceability of agronomic traits. Methods Two parental E. guineensis individuals and 23 of their F1 progenies were collected and sequenced using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique on the Illumina platform. Chloroplast genomes were assembled de novo from the cleaned raw reads and aligned to check for variations. The sequences were compared and analyzed with programming language scripting and relevant bioinformatic softwares. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were determined from the chloroplast genome. Results The chloroplast genome assembly resulted in 156,983 bp, 156,988 bp, 156,982 bp, and 156,984 bp. The gene content and arrangements were consistent with the reference genome published in the GenBank database. Seventy-eight SSRs were detected in the chloroplast genome, with most located in the intergenic spacer region.The chloroplast genomes of 17 F1 progenies were exact copies of the maternal parent, while six individuals showed a single variation in the sequence. Despite the significant variation displayed by the male parent, all the nucleotide variations were synonymous. This study show highly conserve gene content and sequence in Elaeis guineensis chloroplast genomes. Maternal inheritance of chloroplast genome among F1 progenies are robust with a low possibility of mutations over generations. The findings in this study can enlighten inheritance pattern of Elaeis guineensis chloroplast genome especially among crops’ scientists who consider using chloroplast genome for agronomic trait modifications.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa yang menjadi penyebabkan masyarakat suku Bugis bermigrasi ke kabupaten nunukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan perspektif fenomenologi. Penelitian ini menemukan hasil bahwa latar belakang atau penyebab suku Bugis bermigrasi ke kabupaten nunukan karena Orang Bugis lekat dengan budaya migrasi karena ketangkasannya berlayar. Ini erat dengan hukum pelayaran dan perdagangan, 'Sompe’ yang dilakukan orang Bugis telah mengalami perkembangan dan perubahan, utamanya berkaitan dengan faktor- faktor 'sompe’ tersebut. Perubahan-perubahap ini melahirkan hubunganhubungan baru yang tidak lagi mencerminkan hubungan elit semata, tetapi bersentuhan dengan lapisan masyarakat bawah. Wilayah Kabupaten Nunukan yang secara administrative terletak dibagian utara Pulau Kalimantan merupakan salah satu tempat migrasi terbesar orang Bugis, jika dibandingkan dengan wilayah lain yang ada di Indonesia. Di Kabupaten Nunukan orang Bugis beradaptasi dan membangun kehidupan di tanah yang baru.

Physical, psychological and spiritual problems are often faced by patients suffering from increasingly severe chronic diseases. This research focused on the psychological well-being of people with long-term chronic diseases. This qualitative research employed a case study approach. It involved three informants who had experienced or were suffering from chronic diseases for more than one year. The results revealed several important themes, namely, the need to meet the psychological needs of people suffering from chronic diseases. In addition, this study found that self-acceptance and social support were the most important factors for improving the mental health of people with chronic diseases.

This study aims to determine the distribution and relationship between the concentration of cadmium metal (Cd) and total organic matter (TOM) in sediments in the Tallo estuary, Makassar City. The study collected sediment samples from 12 points, distance of 500m between points sampling. Furthermore, 12 sediment samples were analyzed for Cd and TOM concentrations in the laboratory. The results of measurements of Cd metal in sediments showed concentrations ranging from 0.001 - 0.037 mg/kg. The concentration of Cd metal found was still in the low category. While the concentration of TOM in sediment ranges from 6.7 -30.3%, indicating a low concentration. The distribution of Cd and TOM showed that the farther from the estuary, the lower the concentration. Based on the results of the regression test, the relationship between Cd and TOM concentrations was 80.1%. This shows that the accumulation of Cd metal in Tallo River sediments is strongly influenced by the concentration of organic matter.

Evaluating water quality is crucial for preserving the quality of river water. However, the typical technique of getting biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values via laboratory testing might take several days, delaying the application of real-time measurement to improve water quality. This paper suggests using machine learning to predict BOD values from eight water quality measurements. The BOD rate in the Klang River, Selangor, Malaysia, was estimated using the long short-term memory (LSTM) method. The model was trained using historical data collected from eleven water collection points along the river. The predictive test results indicated that the LSTM model with 8 water parameters as input gave the most accurate predictions compared to the models with 5 and 3 water parameters. The results of this study indicate that machine learning methods can be used to predict BOD levels in real-time. It enables water quality managers to enhance water quality and safeguard human health proactively.

In the context of Indonesia's evolving economic landscape, this study delves into the critical issue of innovation readiness within its Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. Recognizing the significant role of governments in fostering innovation, this research aims to comprehensively analyze the government's contributions to enhancing innovation readiness in Indonesian MSMEs. Employing a qualitative research approach, this study investigates government policies, regulatory frameworks, and collaborative initiatives with industry associations and research institutions. The findings illuminate the effectiveness of these interventions and provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders striving to bolster Indonesia's economic development and competitiveness through innovation support in the MSME sector.

Reporting on digital mass media often vulgarly takes a position in favor of interests. Is the partiality direct, or is it in the form of framing? Television shows and newspaper reports have even become the public's 'breakfast'. The mass media is increasingly becoming a determinant of the cognitive menu of people's daily thoughts. And not a few are lulled into believing that it is the most true and authentic. This article directs attention to the role of social media as a digital public space for Indonesian people's cognition. By using Jurgen Habermas' theoretical frame on the public sphere, the author concludes that digital media plays a significant role in shaping the public's way of thinking which tends to be co-opted to political power and capital owners. This way of thinking then forms a mass culture that is prone to authoritarianism. The findings of this research also serve as a warning to stakeholders who must be more vigilant in anticipating the globalization of digital media which can actually change the face of political education and the future of our democracy.

Along with the development of the times and technology, the process of delivering da'wah has changed. Social media is a form of technological development and an alternative media for providing da'wah, one of which is YouTube. Every preacher or content creator tries to convey da'wah by loading packaged content attractively so that it doesn't seem monotonous and can attract the wider community. The Lampu Islam YouTube channel does this by spreading da'wah and Islamic content that is packaged in an attractive and varied way. The public sees that the da'wah content in Lampu Islam will create a particular perception, as well as providing counseling services, especially in spiritual counseling. This study aims to determine the perceptions and spiritual counseling of millennials towards Lampu Islam da'wah content on YouTube social media. The research method used is the descriptive qualitative method. The data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The subject of this research focuses on millennials who live in Tulungagung. The study results show that millennials positively perceive da'wah content on the Lampu Islam channel as well as becoming a spiritual counseling. Millennials perceive that Lampu Islam is a channel that has a variety of da'wah and Islamic content that is interesting, creative, and informative. Informants perceive that the content of Lampu Islam preaching has sufficient duration and is not dull. The nature of the preacher is quite clear and straightforward so that the material provided can be easily understood.

Selama menjalankan tugasnya di masa pandemi COVID-19, guru bimbingan dan konseling MTs mendapatkan berbagai tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi. Berdasarkan dari hasil wawancara dengan Ketua MGBK MTs maka diperoleh data bahwa ada permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh guru bimbingan dan konseling yaitu kesulitan dalam menyusun program BK pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Guru bimbingan dan konseling MTs membutuhkan pelatihan penyusunan program bimbingan dan konseling masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode pelatihan penyusunan program bimbingan dan konseling masa pandemi COVID-19 meliputi tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi hasil pelatihan. Peserta pelatihan mengisi angket kepuasan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai evaluasi dan umpan balik pelatihan pengembangan program BK masa pandemi COVID-19 bagi Guru BK MTs di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Berdasarkan dari hasil evaluasi proses angket evaluasi pelatihan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta merasa sangat puas dan mendapatkan manfaat dari kegiatan pelatihan yang diselenggarakan. Adapun hasil evaluasi hasil menunjukkan bahwa peserta pelatihan mampu menyusun program bimbingan dan konseling dengan baik dan benar.

Banyaknya bangunan masjid yang arah kiblatnya perlu dicek ulang menjadi bukti bahwa permasalahan terkait arah kiblat masjid maupun mushala di beberapa daerah seperti di Desa Gejlig dan Kajen yang tercatat terdapat 66 masjid dan 104 musala. Sehingga, perlu dilakukan verifikasi arah kiblat. Metode yang digunakan antara lain: persiapan, sosialisasi program dampingan, pendampingan pengukuran arah kiblat dan sosialisasi hasil pengukuran arah kiblat. Hasil yang diperoleh semua masjid dan musala subjek dampingan telah divalidasi arah kiblatnya. Kemelencengan arah kiblat terbesar 14° 7’ 49.73” kurang ke Utara dan terkecil 8° 48’ 24.45” kurang ke Utara. Meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya akurasi arah kiblat setelah adanya program pengabdian ini ditunjukkan dengan dukungan pengecekan arah kiblat masjid dan musala mereka. Awalnya pemahaman masyarakat minim tentang pentingnya akurasi arah kiblat karena hanya 1 musala yang pengurusnya sadar tentang pentingnya hal tersebut. Sedangkan masjid dan musala lainnya, sebelum program pengabdian tidak mempermasalahkan akurasi arah kiblat dan meyakini arah kiblat yang telah ditentukan sejak masjid dan musalanya berdiri.

The development of early maturing rice varieties in the cropping intensity 400 program is one of the alternatives in overcoming the challenges of rice production against land conversion and dynamic climate change. Optimization of the program is feasible through composting and reduction of chemical and synthetic substances in order to avoid excessive soil damage. Therefore, evaluation in the combination of compost and chemical fertilizers is important with evaluation criteria through multivariate analysis. This research aimed to identify evaluation criteria, fertilizer packages and potential of early maturing varieties in supporting the cropping intensity 400 concept on rice. This research was conducted in two locations in South Sulawesi, Indonesia with different environmental conditions … This study employed a nested split-plot design with a group randomized design as the environmental design. The main plot was the fertilizer package (FP) consisting of 5 levels. The subplots consisted of 7 rice varieties. Each combination of fertilizer package and variety was repeated three times. The results showed that reducing the dose of NPK fertilizer together with compost application is generally effective in the growth of early maturing rice. This study also revealed the characters of chlorophyll a, harvest age, panicle length, 1000-grain weight and yield were effective in evaluating the effect of fertilizer packages on early maturing varieties. The 75 % dose of N:P:K and 3 tons.ha−1 of compost is effective fertilizer packages to the growth and production of early maturing rice in supporting cropping intensity 400. The Cakrabuana, and Inpari 13 varieties are good early maturing varieties used with the FP3 fertilization packages. Conclusively, the results of this research are important for recommending optimization of rice cultivation with the CI 400 concept, especially in the South Sulawesi region.

Today's youth are still far from the teachings taught by Rasulullah SAW. This is due to progress and development in various fields, while the development of conscience or religious education has received less portion. At the same time, formal educational institutions give priority to general education. The consequence is that the culture that is spread is not only a culture that is in accordance with religious values, but also a culture that has the potential to damage the nation's morals. This type of research is qualitative research. This research was conducted at the Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic Boarding School with the subjects asatidzah senior, teaching staff asatidzah, and senior santri/ORSADA. The research sample consisted of Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic boarding school students. Methods of data collection using interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques using descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of this research is that the guidance of the Prophet's method at the Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic Boarding School Bangil Pasuruan produced good results. This can be seen from several alumni and senior students who are able to take part and interact with people around them. They become preachers in their respective areas and all of this is thanks to the coaching efforts carried out at Islamic boarding schools. Because the development of character and knowledge is able to raise the good name of each of them, so that they can enter any circle.

Disharmony in a family, which is the result of a broken home, can have an impact on the level of individual psychological well-being. This study aims to describe the psychological well-being of students who experience broken homes. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study design. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique with the characteristics of students being male and coming from broken home families. There were three participants, namely BO, LC and STW. Collecting research data by means of in-depth interviews and participant observation. The results showed that the three participants had different aspects of subjective well-being. Psychological well-being BO is less positive while LC and STW are positive. The results of this study can be used as a reference regarding the development of effective inventions by taking into account the characteristics of the participants found.

The historiography of Banda has paid little attention to the existence of women. Stories involving women are mainly about romance, family, and suffering. In reality, the existence of “Mama Lima” (groups of five women) is very strong in the Banda tradition (adat). They are the carriers of knowledge and tradition, a consequence of matriarchy. They determine the content and implementation of adat ceremonies like Buka kampong, forming the set of social norms and customary law of the community. Mama Lima groups are a living example of women throughout the ages who have played a significant role in welfare, the environment, religion, spiritualism, education, and nature. This article discusses the position of women in Banda from its colonization in 1609: defending their land, customs, and descendants, to this day. The results show that Banda women have been practising gender equality for centuries, passing their functions on to the younger generation, and have become an example for all Bandanese today.

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Hasil survei Riskesdas pada tahun 2018 menyatakan bahwa proporsi penduduk yang memiliki masalah pada kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya khususnya karies pada rentang usia 5-9 tahun adalah 92,6% dan 10-14 tahun sebesar 73,4%. Prevalensi karies aktif untuk Jawa Timur sendiri menurut Riskesdas tahun 2018 adalah sebesar 42,4%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian karies di Jawa Timur masih sangat besar. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan antara penilaian risiko karies dan tingkat keparahan karies dengan frekuensi makan anak usia sekolah di daerah Agroindustri di kabupaten Jember. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Jumlah populasi penelitian sebanyak 187 siswa dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa SD Nogosari 2 Rambipuji yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 116 siswa. Pemeriksaan penilaian risiko karies dengan formulir AAPD CAT, tingkat keparahan karies (CSI) dan frekuensi makan makanan kariogenik dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan pemeriksaan langsung. Hubungan antara penilaian risiko karies dan tingkat keparahan karies terhadap frekuensi makan diuji menggunakan Uji Korelasi pearson’s. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara penilaian risiko karies dan tingkat risiko karies (CSI) dengan frekuensi makan dengan p

Background: Dengue fever is a common disease in tropical countries. According to the data from the Indonesia Ministry of Health, there were 71.633 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases reported in Indonesia, with approximately 459 people dying from the disease. Thrombocytopenia is the most common clinical feature of DHF and often causes serious complications if not treatedproperly. Several studies have analyzed the potency of Carica papaya leaf which has been proven asan effective therapy for thrombocytopenia. Objectives: This systematic review aims to discover the potency of Carica papaya leaf extract as a therapy for thrombocytopenia. Method: Literature was searched by using keywords in accordance with the topic, then filtered according to the inclusion criteria that had been determined according to the PRISMA rules. Publication bias in this reviewwas conducted subjectively using the Revman 5.4 software. Results: From 138 studies, it wasfound that screening was carried out based on inclusion criteria, including a randomized controlled trial study in humans with a population of dengue fever patients and received the intervention of papaya leaf extract so that 6 studies were included in the inclusion study, which was then carried out by qualitative synthesis from the study. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis, it wasfound that there was a faster and more significant improvement in the platelet count between the intervention group compared to the control group in the 6 studies. Conclusion: Carica papaya leaf extract has potential as a thrombocytopenia therapy in dengue fever patients.

Somalia is a complex and fragile setting with a demonstrated potential for disruptive, high-burden measles outbreaks. In response, since 2018, Somalian authorities have partnered with UNICEF and the WHO to implement measles vaccination campaigns across the country. In this paper, we create a Somalia-specific model of measles transmission based on a comprehensive epidemiological dataset including case-based surveillance, vaccine registries, and serological surveys. We use this model to assess the impact of these campaign interventions on Somalian’s measles susceptibility, showing, for example, that across the roughly 10 million doses delivered, 1 of every 5 immunized a susceptible child. Finally, we use the model to explore a counter-factual epidemiology without the 2019–2020 campaigns, and we estimate that those interventions prevented over 10,000 deaths.

Floods that come all of a sudden cause many people to be unable to prepare themselves to deal with it, so material losses to health problems cannot be avoided. Therefore, a system is needed to provide early warning to the public before a flood occurs. As technology develops, water levels in an area can be monitored to anticipate flooding using the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT can help to monitor and warn of floods in real-time and continuously. In this research, the system will be placed in areas that often cause flooding. Monitoring results from sensor readings will be stored in the cloud database. The water level category is divided into 4 levels, namely “Safe”, “Standby”, “Careful”, and “Danger”. The system uses IoT and a database to send water level status to users as notifications on applications. The buzzer will sound as a warning sign when the water level enters the “Danger” status. The system test results show that the sensor has a very good level of accuracy with an error percentage of 0.242131%, and IoT connectivity can reach a distance of up to 20 meters.

Accumulated Cd, and Cu in the algae Halimeda sp at various levels of metal pollution has been done on the islands Laelae, Baranglompo and Karanrang. The aims of research to know accumulation Cd, Cu and their ratio with CaCO3 in algae Halimeda sp at different level water pollution in Spermonde Archipelago. Sample algae Halimeda sp was collected in three location with different level of metal pollution within Spermonde Archipelago, namely Laelae, Barranglompo and Karanrang Islands. The highest concentrations Cd and Cu are found on the island Laelae, followed Baranglompo and Karanrang, showing anthropogenic influence on the level of metal in the algae Halimeda sp. There are differences in the pattern of ratio Cd/Ca and Cu/Ca among samples of algae Halimeda sp due to the influence of external input. Algae Halimeda sp sensitive to the accumulation of heavy metals Cd and Cu. These results prove that the algae Halimeda sp can be used as indicators of heavy metals pollution of Cd and Cu in marine waters

Model pembelajaran di era merdeka belajar adalah Project Based Learning (PjBL) fokus pada proyek dan melibatkan siswa secara aktif. Pembelajaran lintas minat perlu diwaspadai ditambah tugas yang berlebih (courseload) sehingga merasa jenuh. Tujuan penelitiannya untuk mengetahui pengaruh PjBL terhadap Learning Plateau mata pelajaran lintas minat era merdeka belajar. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimen Posttest Only Design. Populasinya 4 kelas XI IPS dengan jumlah 124 siswa. Sampelnya secara cluster random sampling, berjumlah 62 siswa. Instrumen adalah skala Learning Plateau. Hasil Uji Hipotesis menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan Learning Plateau antara eksperimen dengan kontrol. Memiliki pengaruh Model PjBL terhadap Learning Plateau sebesar 5,99%. Learning Plateau Eksperimen lebih rendah daripada kontrol, menunjukkan hipotesis penelitian terbukti/diterima. Uji Mann Whitney U Test, menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan prestasi belajar Fisika antara eksperimen dengan kontrol. Nilai Fisika eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kontrol, artinya Model PjBL berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar Fisika siswa. Kata kunci: Kejenuhan Belajar, Model Project Based Learning, Lintas Minat

This article aims to review the concept of learning from the perspective of Ibn Khaldun. Ibn Khaldun is one of the Muslim scholars who has significantly contributed to sociological theory. However, it also offers insights that must be explored to contribute to specific learning theories. The concept of learning offered by Ibn Khaldun is compared to contemporary learning theories, including behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, and constructivism. This research used qualitative research with a literature approach and was analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that Ibn Khaldun's thoughts regarding the concept of learning have relevance to contemporary learning theory. The relevance is addressed using the term riyadhah, which is relevant to behaviorism concepts, 'aql nadzari, which is relevant to cognitivism, and madaniyyun bith thab'iy, which is relevant to constructivism.

Abstract Background The baculovirus expression vector system has been developed for expressing a wide range of proteins, including enzymes, glycoproteins, recombinant viruses, and vaccines. The availability of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence has enabled the synthesis of SARS-CoV2 proteins in a baculovirus-insect cell platform for various applications. Main body of the abstract The most cloned SARS-CoV-2 protein is the spike protein, which plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is available in its whole length or as subunits like S1 or the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Non-structural proteins (Nsps), another recombinant SARS-CoV-2 protein generated by the baculovirus expression vector system (BEV), are used in the identification of new medications or the repurposing of existing therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. Non-SARS-CoV-2 proteins generated by BEV for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis or treatment include moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLVRT), angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), therapeutic proteins, and recombinant antibodies. The recombinant proteins were modified to boost the yield or to stabilize the protein. Conclusion This review covers the wide application of the recombinant protein produced using the baculovirus expression technology for COVID-19 research. A lot of improvements have been made to produce functional proteins with high yields. However, there is still room for improvement and there are parts of this field of research that have not been investigated yet.

The low achievment of student’s mathematics learning is a problem that must be considered and resolved. The teacher’s role in improving student achievement is very necessary. One of factors that influence student achievement is the selection of learning models. This study aims to determine an increase in student achievement after the implementation of the CORE (Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting, Extending) learning model. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental research with Pre-Experimental Design typye One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Determination of the sample using saturated sampling technique. Subject of this research is all eighth graders in SMP AL Hikmah Balongrejo. Data collection techniques used are interviews, validation questionnaire, and learning outcomes test. While the research instrument uses learning outcomes test, namely pretest and posttest. Data analysis technique use validity test, reliability test, normality test, homogenity test, and paired sample t-test. Results showed significant level 0,000 > 0,05. It can be concluded that there is a difference in learning achievement (cognitive) between before and after the implementation of CORE learning model. Based on a review of the average student learning outcomes at the pretest and posttest, it was concluded that there was an increase in learning achievement after the implementation of the CORE learning model.

Geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring are important aspect of controlling subsurface ground movement, particularly in deep excavations and forewarning of geological disasters such as landslides, land subsidence, ground fissure, and surface collapse. A borehole inclinometer is an example of the established method to monitor such ground movements. For real-time data, a series of in-placed inclinometer probes are installed inside the borehole casing to provide the lateral displacement response over time. The limitation of the conventional system is the high cost and the practicality of inserting a high number of sensing probes into the casing for better measurement accuracy. Recent advancement in Distributed Optical Fibre Strain Sensing (DOFS) enables the incorporation of DOFS as a fibre optic (FO) inclinometer with lateral displacements to be plotted at centimetres spacing and is unaffected by the gauge lengths between the probes. This study enhances the FO inclinometer by developing a web-based application (SmartGeopipe©) to automate data acquisition which also includes complex data processing for the final pipe deflection profile visualisation. The FO inclinometer comprised of optical cables attached externally onto a remodified inclinometer casing and connected to a Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) strain analyser. A standard installation procedure was established to safely secure the sensors during the casing installation process inside the borehole. SmartGeopipe© software is written using a predominantly monolithic Python / Cython backend and a multi-page frontend built with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript ES5 languages. All the computation work and data storing are done in a cloud server and SQL database, respectively. A case study of a station box excavation as part of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) tunnelling project was chosen to validate the performance of the FO inclinometer and the web application. Data from the FO inclinometer corroborated well with the manual measurements of the inclinometer probe. This ability supports the realization of an early warning system as an engineering control for hazard management in civil engineering infrastructure projects.

As an island community, the culture of the Bandanese is closely linked to their natural maritime environment. Not only is fishery the main source of income for many Bandanese, their cultural practices also include the creation of traditional boats and songs which tie the people, their environment and history together. These boats, locally referred to as belang or kora-kora, feature symbolic decorations and take part in an annual competition in which competing villages chant about their oral stories, known as kabata. Before this performance, various sacred locations, keramat, are honoured and a ceremony is held at the traditional house in which special bamboo poles play a central role in the performance of the cakelele warrior dance. This article highlights how nature plays a significant role in the traditional practices of the villages in the Banda Islands and illuminates certain passages from kabata in which Bandanese nature is honoured in song.

The role of technology in supporting knowledge management is very vital. The knowledge repository system is the foundation of knowledge management and its implementation. Knowledge sharing, discovery, and other knowledge processes will be more accessible through a proper knowledge repository system as an organizational knowledge base. This research explored various approaches employed by practitioners and researchers in designing a knowledge repository that allowed people to study and implement the knowledge repository as needed. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method proposed by Kitchenham was used to answer three research questions; (1) how is model knowledge storage in an organizational repository developed? (2) what tools can help create a knowledge repository? (3) What features should be present in a knowledge repository? The repository storage model was confirmed to be mainly represented in the ontology model. Furthermore, the technologies for creating knowledge were Protégé and Neo4j graph-based databases. In addition, features that were mostly applied in the knowledge repository system included data catalogs, search, API, knowledge management, visualization, rule-based and case-based reasoning.

Adolescent athletes need more nutrient intake than adolescents of the same age due to their high activities, especially during exercise, to avoid disruption in their growth process. The athlete is also required to have a good body composition to achieve optimal performance. This study examined the relationship between body composition and nutrient intake of female adolescent athletes and their fitness level. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 28 female athletes of Tulungagung Training Centre selected using systematic random sampling. Dietary assessment (energy and macronutrient intake) and body composition (FM, FFM) were measured using 2x24 hours food recall and InBody270. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured using Multistage Fitness Test. Independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman test were performed using SPSS 25. The results found that most athletes had a lower macronutrient intake, especially energy, carbohydrate, and fat which did not meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance. However, endurance athletes consumed more protein (p=0,044) and fat (p=0,873) than non-endurance athletes. Spearman test revealed a negative correlation between energy intake, fat mass, and VO2max. In general, many athletes consume macronutrients less than the RDA. Dietary intake and body composition in highly trained adolescent female athletes must be optimized and monitored to achieve better performance and physical fitness.

The dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), leads to the development and advancement of multiple myeloma (MM). miRNAs, in particular, are paramount in post-transcriptional gene regulation, promoting mRNA degradation and translational inhibition. As a result, miRNAs can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target genes. In MM, miRNA disruption could result in abnormal gene expression responsible for cell growth, apoptosis, and other biological processes pertinent to cancer development. The dysregulated miRNAs inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes, contributing to disease progression. Nonetheless, several miRNAs are downregulated in MM and have been identified as gene regulators implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion. miRNA depletion potentially facilitates the tumor advancement and resistance of therapeutic drugs. Additionally, lncRNAs are key regulators of numerous cellular processes, such as gene expression, chromatin remodeling, protein trafficking, and recently linked MM development. The lncRNAs are uniquely expressed and influence gene expression that supports MM growth, in addition to facilitating cellular proliferation and viability via multiple molecular pathways. miRNA and lncRNA alterations potentially result in anomalous gene expression and interfere with the regular functioning of MM. Thus, this review aims to highlight the dysregulation of these ncRNAs, which engender novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of MM.

Marginal coral reefs are located in a limited aquatic environment, causing coral organisms to live under threat and only certain species of coral are able to survive. Porites lutea is one species of coral that is able to live in normal and marginal coral reef conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine the ecology of Porites lutea, the physiological ability of Porites lutea's Productivity (P) and Respiration (R), coral reef habitat conditions and environmental factors that affect the distribution of Porites luteal in normal and marginal locations. This study used the belt transect method, measurement of coral colony volume, physiological productivity (P) and respiration (R), transect picture for substrate cover and coral reef conditions and CTD to measure environmental indicators such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll and DO. The results shows that the density of Porites coral is higher at normal coral reef locations (Pak Kasim), the highest volume range is 25-100 cm3, with the largest size in the 451-475 cm3 class. P/R values ​​is higher at normal coral reef sites, especially in reef slope areas. Coral reef habitat cover is dominated by abiotic components with poor coral reef conditions in marginal and normal environments. Water temperature was significantly different (P=0.039) between two normal and marginal locations with a range of 27.08 - 27.51 oC, Salinity was significantly different (P=0.145) with a salinity 33.44ppt at normal locations and 32.88 ppt at marginal locations. The chlorophyll and oxygen number was not significantly different between the two locations, the range of chlorophyll 0.03 – 0.15 mg/L and oxygen 2.49 – 5.23 mg/L. The turbidity factor was significantly different between locations (P=4.86E-07) where the marginal location in Sample was more turbid than the normal location in Pak Kasim. This study shows that there are differences between normal and marginal waters in environmental conditions and physiological reactions of Porites lutea, but this coral is able to survive to show their resilience to environmental stresses. Keywords: Coral physio-ecology, Porites lutea, P/R ratio, marginal coral reefs.

The Indonesian National Police (Polri) is a state instrument whose role is to maintain public security and order, enforce the law, and provide protection, protection and service to the community. To support this role, the Police carry out various kinds of police operations. One of them is on the traffic function, namely by carrying out traffic operations. The Traffic Police under the auspices of the Korlantas Polri is a state instrument that is responsible for police functions in the traffic sector. Having a large organization, with 34 Polda and 504 Polres throughout Indonesia, is a challenge for the Polri, especially the Korlantas Polri, in carrying out traffic operations. The challenge faced is that the process of making reports on the results of traffic operations takes a long time, because the activities of reporting, collecting and managing traffic operation data are still carried out in a simple manner. This study aims to build a web-based application that can assist the process of reporting, collecting and managing data from traffic operations, as well as processing it into useful information. This application development applies the Extreme Programming (XP) software development methodology. The choice of the XP method is because XP is one of the methodologies that supports the acceleration of the development of a system with a minimum number of teams. In addition, based on the results of the study, it was found that the implementation of the XP method in application development resulted in software that was in accordance with the requirements.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengedintifikasi kluster yang terbentuk dalam jaringan twiter terkait dengan topik-topik vaksin covis-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis jaringan sosial dengan metode kluster terpaan selektif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah penggunan jaringan sosial twiter dengan kata kunci “vaksin covid-19’ sebagai sampel kluster. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi NodeXL. Data dianalisis dengan cara pengelompokan berdasarkan kluster algoritma Clauset-Newman-Moore dengan cara menghitung seluruh jaringan pengguna, tingkat hub dalam kluster, pengelompokan dalam jaringan, menetukan jaringan twiter tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akun-akun resmi pemerintah, tokoh politik, dan media massa secara bersamaan muncul pada seluruh kumpulan data sehingga mereka membentuk kluster secara konsisten mendukung keberhasilan program vaksinasi nasional.

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes mosquito that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is a major problem in public health and has social and economic impacts. One of the key factors for the success of DHF eradication is community behavior which includes knowledge, attitudes, and actions. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review by analyzing the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the act of eradicating mosquito nests based on 7 (seven) journal articles that have been selected from the selection process measured using the quality assessment of the literature Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) which assesses selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection methods and withdrawals and dropouts so that the quality of the reviewed journals can be seen. The quality assessment of the journal resulted in 3 points: Strong, Moderate, and Weak. The result is that most respondents are housewives. Knowledge level is good, attitude level is good, and action is good enough. There is a relationship between knowledge and action and there is a relationship between attitude and action. The recommendation is to improve the ability of housewives and improve coordination with local Jumantik. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Dengue Prevention; DHF

Nafkah anak merupakan suatu kefarduan yang wajib ditunaikan secara berterusan oleh bapa atau penjaga menurut hukum syarak dan undang-undang. Namun begitu, tidak dinafikan bahawa wujudnya pengabaian nafkah daripada pihak bapa kepada anak-anak disebabkan pelbagai faktor. Pengabaian nafkah ini menyebabkan kehidupan anak-anak terjejas dan tidak mendapat hak yang sepatutnya. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potongan Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja (KWSP) sebagai suatu alternatif untuk pembayaran nafkah anak di Mahkamah Syariah sekaligus mencadangkan potongan simpanan KWSP bapa sebagai salah satu mekanisma pembayaran nafkah. Data utama dalam kajian ini diperolehi melalui kajian perpustakaan dan juga kajian lapangan yang melibatkan temubual dengan Peguam Syarie bagi mendapatkan pandangan mereka berkenaan kaedah-kaedah pembayaran nafkah yang sedia ada serta keperluan pelaksanaan potongan KWSP sebagai kaedah alternatif. Metodologi yang digunakan ini boleh menyoroti potongan wang KWSP bagi tujuan nafkah dibuat melalui undang-undang seterusnya boleh mengesahkan kepentingan potongan wang KWSP bagi membela hak anak-anak untuk mendapatkan nafkah. Kajian ini penting khususnya kepada pihak kerajaan dan pembuat dasar di KWSP bagi meminda dasar yang sedia ada untuk membantu memelihara hak anak-anak daripada sikap culas bapa yang mencarum di KWSP. ABSTRACT Child support is an obligation that must be fulfilled continuously by the father or the guardian according to the Syarak and common law. However, there is no denying that there is often the issue of neglect in the maintenance of child support from the father due to various factors. This neglect has certainly affected the lives of the children as they do not get the rights that they deserve. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the deduction from the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) as an alternative for the payment of child support in the Shariah Court. It is a proposal that the deduction of the father’s EPF savings can be one of the payment mechanisms for child support. The main data in this study was obtained through a library study and also a field study involving interviews with Sharie Counsel. The latter was carried out to obtain their views on the existing methods of payment for child support and the need to implement EPF deductions as an alternative method. The methodology used can highlight the deduction of EPF money for the purpose of child support made through the law. It will also further underscore the importance of the deduction of EPF money to protect the rights of children to obtain child support. This study is important to the government and policy makers as the amendment to the existing policy will go a long way to help protect the rights of children from the cavalier attitude of fathers toward payment for child support.

Semakin banyak perangkat memiliki masukan berupa gestur. Mengenali gestur tersebut menjadi semakin dibutuhkan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi. Salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam mengenal gestur adalah Point Cloud Recognizer atau $P. Pengenalan gestur dapat digunakan untuk mengenali tulisan seperti angka atau. Hasil pengenalan ini dapat digunakan untuk edukasi tentang menulis melalui aplikasi, seperti game. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengimplementasikan $P pada game untuk menunjukkan $P dapat menjadi saran metode yang dapat digunakan dalam pengembangan game yang memerlukan fitur tersebut. Dalam penelitian $P diimplementasi dengan menggunakan game engine Unity dan bahasa pemrograman C#. Data yang digunakan ada 3 set numeral 1 sampai 10 dengan konfigurasi jumlah point pada $P sejumlah 32. Total 100 pengujian dilakukan pada game dengan hasil akurasi 99% dalam pengenalan, menunjukkan bahwa metode $P dapat mengenali gestur tulisan dengan baik.

Dalam perkembangannya, teknologi komputer telah mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan. Seiring berkembangnya komputer sekarang, setiap pengembang dapat merekayasa suatu objek di dunia maya. Permasalahan pengembangan yang muncul biasanya terkait kecepatan proses render rekayasa objek yang dalam penelitian ini membuat raw metaverse material berupa penambahan objek dasar grafis 3D (bola, kubus, torus, silinder, dan lainnya) pada Skybox sebagai bagian dari augmented reality dengan disertai efek tekstur mapping, pencerminan, gradasi pewarnaan, dan animasi kontrol pergerakan objek. Salah satu hasil dari berkembangnya Grafika Komputer ini adalah munculnya WebGL yang mendukung penggunaan shader maupun non-shader untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, yaitu sebuah JavaScript API yang digunakan untuk rendering grafis 3D interaktif dan grafis 2D dalam browser web yang kompatibel tanpa menggunakan plug-in. Semenjak kemunculan WebGL ini, banyak pengembang/developer browser yang telah memanfaatkannya ke dalam browser mereka. Karena sistemnya yang interaktif dan tidak memerlukan plug-in, WebGL mendapat sebutan “future of the internet” atau “masa depan dari internet”. Pada penelitian ini diberikan pengembangan contoh dari apa yang dapat dilakukan melalui Grafika Komputer dan WebGL, yaitu untuk pembuatan raw metaverse material objek Skybox 3D di FILKOM UB dengan beberapa macam penambahan augmented reality objek grafis 3D. Hasil pengamatan pengujian pada beberapa skenario yang berbeda berdasarkan lama waktu proses render objek untuk membuat raw metaverse material objek Skybox 3D tersebut, didapatkan rata-rata waktu 0,12668 detik. Abstract In its development, computer technology has undergone a fairly significant improvement. Along with the development of computers today, any developer can engineer an object in the virtual world. The development problems that arise are usually related to the speedy rendering process of object engineering which in this study is making raw metaverse material in the form of adding basic 3D graphic objects (balls, cubes, torus, cylinders, and others) to the Skybox as part of augmented reality accompanied by effects of texture mapping, mirroring, coloring gradations, and animation control of object movements. One of the pillars of the development of Computer Graphics is the emergence of WebGL that supports the use of shaders and non-shaders to solve these problems, i.e., a JavaScript API utilized for rendering interactive 3D graphics and 2D graphics in compatible web browsers without using plug-ins. Since the emergence of WebGL, many browser developers have utilized it into their browsers. Because the system is interactive and does not require plug-ins, WebGL gets the name of “the future of the internet”. In this study, an example of the development of the thing can be performed through Computer Graphics and WebGL was given, i.e., for the creation of raw metaverse material of 3D Skybox objects at FILKOM UB with several kinds of addition of augmented reality 3D graphic objects. The results of testing observations in several different scenarios based on the length of time for the object rendering process to create the raw metaverse material of the 3D Skybox object obtained an average time of 0.12668 seconds.

A perennial increase in river pollution over the Kereh River, Penang, Malaysia, is reported due to an increase in untreated swine wastewater discharge from pig farming activities. The fact that the river receiving the untreated swine wastewater is shallow and narrow exacerbates the situation. In Kampung Selamat, Tasik Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia, 77 pig farms with over 186,390 pigs have been causing an unresolved river water quality issue in the Kereh River, Penang, Malaysia, for nearly four decades. This issue escalated into massive public interest and posed adverse environmental pollution. This study aims to statistically assess and identify the sources and conditions of the aforementioned polluted river. Measured river water quality data from 2010 to 2019 were obtained from the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia, covering the condition of the river for the last decade. Initially, the data were segmented into three regions: the river's upstream, middle, and downstream. The data were analyzed using the geospatial technique, statistical tests (Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests) and multivariate statistical methods, including cluster analysis (CA) and principal components analysis (PCA). Subsequently, temporal and spatial patterns of river water quality were analyzed to evaluate the pollution status and identify the potential pollution sources along the river. The spatial-temporal analysis study revealed that the lower part (downstream) of the river is significantly polluted, as evident by the dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3–N), and phosphate (PO4) revealed in the said analysis. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Kereh River is depleted of dissolved oxygen and rich in organic content and nutrients, especially in the downstream region, resulting in the river being classified as a dead river based on national water quality standards. The findings may provide some guidance or inspiration for relevant authorities and pig farmers on the workable action plan that can be opted to overcome the pollution while enhancing the quality of this river.

Urban designers, planners and policy-makers are working together to meet the emerging demands as cities in the developed countries are growing at an increased speed and intensity. Therefore, a socio-economic conception is needed to be conceived and more deliberately assimilated in terms of urban planning and in regards to designing urban areas in order to develop cities sustainably so they are planned well. Since parks are public space they have a great importance in creating a social environment for people, particularly for those who live in cities. This is in addition to the, physical and ecological impacts of parks. Those who live in the city spend a little time in the edge of everyday life with their friends and families and, as such, they are distracted from social life. This situation adversely affects the elderly who need the most care in our busy daily life. This article seeks to address the gap in the field by exploring the phenomenon of the bonding between elderly people and place in urban parks in an analytical context and focuses on the core concept of place attachment which has gained traction over the past three decades because of the role it plays in explaining the consequences of the connection between people and place in term of predicting behaviors. This article aims to explore how elderly people who have exposed themselves to an environment develop place satisfaction and place attachment in the urban parks and to create more sustainable, civic and environmentally conscientious communities. Based on literature reviewed, this study proposes a conceptual framework of elderly’s source, dimension of place attachment in urban parks. It is anticipated that place satisfaction and place attachment contribute to elderly behavior and might improve their behavior in the urban park environment. This article further evaluates the affective and cognitive views as well as the commitment of the elderly to sustainable development.

Mobile application with geolocation function has been on the market for quite some time. It has been implemented on most of the application to detect the user current location. With the lack of use and awareness of this features, we took that opportunities to develop mobile app and collaborate with YS Auto Workshop. It will detect the customer current location when they request for car breakdown from YS Auto workshop. Notification will be sent to the manager of the workshop and can see the marker on user current location and take an action. Main objectives are to design and develop mobile app and to evaluate its usage using user acceptance test in improving the user needs. Agile methodology has been used based on requirement and it is suitable in the development of mobile application. The development of the system has use agile method which has fifth phases including planning, analysis, design, development, and testing. Three expert users involve during Functionality Testing meanwhile thirty random selected respondents from district of Batang Kali involved in the experiment and perform Heuristic Evaluation and User Acceptance Test questionnaires. Analysis shown that application is interesting and helpful. The system is developed successfully and can make more improvement for the future.