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The aim of this study is to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) learning at the elementary school level in Makassar. This study employed a mixed methods approach, specifically the QUANqual type of explanatory sequential design. The survey method was used to collect and analyze quantitative data, while interviews and documentation methods were used for qualitative non-numerical data. The respondents consisted of elementary school teachers in Makassar who were selected using simple random sampling. The results showed that using SWOT analysis and internal strategic factors analysis summary-external strategic factors analysis summary (IFAS-EFAS) calculations, the strengths-opportunities (SO) strategy has the highest score of 4.27. In addition, the weaknesses-opportunities (WO), strengths-threats (ST), and weaknesses-threats (WT) strategies received consecutive scores of 3.25, 2.71, and 1.69, respectively. It suggests that STEAM learning in Makassar is in a growth stage due to its strengths and opportunities that support the development of STEAM education in the city.

Mycobacterium avium complex, a commonly seen infection in individuals with a compromised immune system, can also affect people who are immunocompetent. One particularly important manifestation is in elderly females with a competent immune system, involving the middle lobe and lingula lobe of the lung. This is known as Lady Windermere syndrome (LWS). An 84-year-old female patient with certain nonpulmonary comorbidities initially got a diagnosis of MAC infection but refused to undergo any medication therapy, she presents after 5 years for a follow up visit and is found to have significant changes in her pulmonary parenchyma on investigation findings, concerning for this syndrome. LWS is a rather uncommon condition, rarely presents in clinical settings and described very less often in the literature. This report is aimed at increasing awareness of LWS as a possible diagnosis that should be considered in patients with a chronic MAC infection and a specific pattern of parenchymal changes discussed in this report in detail.

Double-j stents are commonly used in many urological procedures to facilitate the drainage of renal systems postoperatively. Their usage has revolutionized the world of urological interventions but if left forgotten present serious complications. We report a case of an old man who was diagnosed with bilaterally fragmented DJ stents in situ in our urology department following his sessions of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for chronic encrustations. These stents were placed after complete breakdown of bilateral ureteral stones through ureterorenoscopy and laser lithotripsy.

Oxidative stress and microbial growth deteriorate food quality and cause safety risks. Therefore, the present study was investigated to explore the nutritional, sensorial, anti-oxidative and anti-microbial attributes of flaxseed powder (FP) supplemented at 2–8 % (i.e., T1-T4) level in mutton patties. Among extracts, the aqueous flaxseed extracts exhibited the highest total phenolic contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities i.e., 275 mg GAE/g, 75 % and 57 mg/g, respectively. The results exhibited significant increase (p

Objective To investigate how various morbidities affect older patients’ performance on the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting The seven government hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan, included are major tertiary care centres, representing an older patient population of Punjab, Pakistan.Method 160 elderly participants completed the TUG test, frailty evaluations and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scoring to assess mobility, frailty and comorbidity burden. The Student’s t-test analysed differences between TUG groups (

This study examines the impact of microwave processing on Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata) powder and its application in flatbreads. Microwave treatment reduced anti-nutrient levels of alkaloids, phytates, tannins, and saponins by 83–90 %, enhancing safety. Incorporation of microwaved kachnar powder (MwKP) into flatbreads at 2.5–10 % replacement levels improved nutritional profiles, with increases in ash (0.4–0.9 g/100 g), dietary fiber (2–3 g/100 g), protein (8–9 g/100 g), and minerals such as Fe (3–4 mg/100 g), Zn (3.2–3.9 mg/100 g), Na (3–10 mg/100 g), K (378–388 mg/100 g), Ca (30–45 mg/100 g), and Mg (125–145 mg/100 g). Antioxidant activity also increased significantly (p

This research work aims to synthesize environmentally benign and cost-effective metal nanoparticles. In this current research scenario, the leaf extract of Cedrela toona was used as a reducing agent to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by the color shift of the reaction mixture, i.e., silver nitrate and plant extract, from yellow to dark brown colloidal suspension and was established by UV-visible analysis showing a surface plasmon resonance band at 434 nm. Different experimental factors were optimized for the formation and stability of AgNPs, and the optimum conditions were found to be 1 mM AgNO3 concentration, a 1:9 ratio of extract/precursor, and an incubation temperature of 70°C for 4 h. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicated the presence of phytochemicals in the leaf extract that played the role of bioreducing agents in forming AgNPs. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the presence of AgNPs with a mean size of 25.9 nm. The size distribution and morphology of AgNPs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, which clearly highlighted spherical nanoparticles with a size distribution of 22–30 nm with a mean average size of 25.5 nm. Moreover, prominent antibacterial activity was found against Enterococcus faecalis (21 ± 0.5 mm), Bacillus subtilis (20 ± 0.9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 ± 0.3 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (16 ± 0.7 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16 ± 0.3 mm), and Escherichia coli (14 ± 0.7 mm). In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. Higher antioxidant activity was reported in AgNPs compared to the plant extract in both DPPH (IC50 = 69.62 µg·ml−1) and ABTS assays (IC50 = 47.90 µg·ml−1). Furthermore, cytotoxic activity was also investigated by the MTT assay against MCF-7 cells, and IC50 was found to be 32.55 ± 0.05 µg·ml−1. The crux of this research is that AgNPs synthesized from the Cedrela toona leaf extract could be employed as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer agents for the treatment of bacterial, free radical-oriented, and cancerous diseases.

In this study, the polar root extract of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. was used for the biogenic synthesis of ZnO NPs. The results of this study show that ZnO NPs have a spherical structure with an average size of 85.4 nm. The synthesized catalysts were tested for their photocatalytic activity by degrading methyl orange and methylene blue under sunlight. Improved degradation efficiencies of 79.44% and 84.92% were achieved within 120 min. ZnO NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (18 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (20 mm) and Gram-negative strains of Escherichia coli (16 mm) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (14 mm), as shown by the inhibition zones, which were comparable to the positive control (ceftriaxone) but larger than the plant root extract. ZnO NPs showed high antioxidant activity, as a ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay value of 66.29 µg (AAE µg·mL−1) and a DPPH value of 57.44 µg (AAE µg·mL−1) were obtained at a concentration of 500 µL, which was higher than those of the C. scariosus root extract. Quantification of the total phenolic and flavonoid content yielded values of 57.63 µg (GAE µg·mL−1) and 70.59 µg (QCE µg·mL−1), respectively. At a concentration of 500 μL (1 mg·mL−1), the tested nanoparticles (NPs) showed a greater anti-inflammatory effect (84.12%) compared to the root extract of C. scariosus (34.39%). Overall, our findings highlight the versatile properties of green synthesized ZnO NPs and demonstrate their potential for environmental remediation and antimicrobial formulations, as well as promising candidates for further investigation in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and therapy.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown benefits in improving cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and may mitigate symptom progression in myocardial infarction (MI). However, their effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes and MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear. Methods: To identify eligible studies, a comprehensive search of electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Embase, was conducted from inception until May 2024. Results were presented as risk ratios (RR) and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Our analysis included 8 observational studies comprising 24,229 patients. The results indicated that SGLT2i with PCI was associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause death (RR=0.61; 95 % CI=0.54 to 0.68), CV death (RR=0.46; 95 % CI=0.22 to 0.94), major adverse cardiovascular events (RR=0.80;95 % CI: 0.66 to 0.96), HF-related hospitalizations (RR=0.63; 95 % CI=0.44 to 0.90), stroke (RR=0.77; 95 % CI: 0.62 to 0.96) and acute kidney injury (RR=0.46; 95 % CI: 0.25 to 0.84) compared to PCI without SGLT2i use. However, the risk of revascularization remained comparable between the groups. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that SGLT2i with PCI in patients with type 2 diabetes and MI are associated with improved CV outcomes compared to PCI without SGLT2i use. Randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the improvement in outcomes with SGLT2i therapy combined with PCI in patients with MI and diabetes.

The conversion of bioresources like Spirulina platensis (SP) into value-added chemicals, such as methanol, offers a sustainable replacement of fossil fuels and contributes to greenhouse gas mitigation. This study presents an integrated process simulation model, developed using Aspen Plus v10®, for the steam gasification of SP and subsequent methanol production. Process parameters, including temperature range from 650-950 °C, steam/feed ratio from 0.5–2, and recycle ratio from 0–9, were investigated to optimize syngas composition and methanol yield. Results demonstrated that increasing temperature enhances H2 and CO production while reducing CO2 and CH4, significantly increasing methanol production from 6500 to 9500 kg/h. The steam/feed ratio also influences syngas composition and methanol yield, with higher ratios promoting H2 and CO2 production and reducing CO and CH4. The economic evaluation of two scenarios, a base case and an optimum case, shows that the capital expenditure (Capex) and operating expenditure (Opex) are 19.3M$ and 9.07M$ for the base case, and 20.018M$ and 10.21M$ for the optimum case. The analysis also reveals that the optimum case, with higher methanol production (7.2 tonnes/h compared to 6.7 tonnes/h in the base case), generates a higher net income (9.76 M$/y) and reduces CO2 emissions (4.918 tonnes CO2-e/y compared to 5.72 tonnes CO2-e/y). The energy flow indicates the input energy requirement, the energy carried by methanol, and the surplus energy, totalling 26740 kW to meet the major system's energy demands. This study provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and commercial entities seeking to develop sustainable and economically viable biofuel production processes.

Metacognition is the ability to think about thinking. One of the learning models in geometry is the van Hiele model, which consists of learning phases and geometry thinking level. However, geometry learning strategy in Indonesia does not stress metacognition and geometry thinking level. Hence, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of geometry learning strategy based on the infusion of metacognition in van Hiele model compared to van Hiele learning phases in helping secondary school students to improve their geometry thinking level. The quasi-experimental study was conducted six-week with 90 students. The students selected purposively divided into two groups, with 30 students in both treatment groups, respectively. The instrument employed van Hiele Geometry Test (vHGT) before and after the treatment to measure the student's geometry thinking level. Data were in ordinal form analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Mann-Whitney U. The result revealed the significant difference between the final geometry thinking level in both groups. Thus, it can be concluded that the geometry learning strategy based on the infusion of metacognition in van Hiele model is more effective in improving the student's geometry thinking level than the geometry learning strategy based on van Hiele model.

Metacognition, or the ability to think about thinking, is essential in the development of geometric thinking. However, studies on the Van Hiele model and the application of metacognition on geometric thinking are still under-researched. This study aimed to provide a review of the Van Hiele model and the application of metacognition on geometric thinking. A total of 844 articles were retrieved through internet search engines from 1995 to 2020 and manually selected and reviewed systematically. The keywords used related to the Van Hiele model, metacognition, and geometric thinking. The findings that emerged from the review were categorized into two main themes which were the effectiveness of the Van Hiele model towards geometric thinking and the effectiveness of the application of metacognition on geometric thinking. Most articles revealed the positive indication of the geometric thinking development through the Van Hiele model intervention. It also seems that the potential of the application of metacognition in the Van Hiele model can strengthen geometric thinking development. Researchers and educators may find this knowledge useful in conducting empirical studies and developing learning instructions based on the application of metacognition in the development of geometric thinking.

This study examines the association between serum Sestrin2 (SESN2) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in healthy and diabetic adults, using data from the Qatar Biobank (QBB). A total of 844 participants were included, with 518 in the diabetic cohort and 326 in the healthy cohort. Clinical characteristics, cardiometabolic markers, and SESN2 levels were measured, and binomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between SESN2 and various health indices. Diabetic patients had significantly lower SESN2 levels compared to healthy controls (5.49 ± 5.94 vs 8.25 ± 7.57 ng/mL, P < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between SESN2 and HbA1c (−0.19, P = 0.0006), insulin (−0.19, P = 0.0006), HOMA-IR (−0.17, P = 0.0024), C-peptide (−0.18, P = 0.0012), triglycerides (TG)/HDL ratio (−0.12, P = 0.0283), and the pulsatility index (PI) (−0.15, P = 0.006). In healthy individuals, higher SESN2 levels were associated with lower odds of elevated HbA1c (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.33, P = 0.00), insulin (AOR = 0.23, P = 0.00), HOMA-IR (AOR = 0.58, P = 0.06), C-peptide (AOR = 0.56, P = 0.04), and TG (AOR = 0.37, P = 0.03). In contrast, diabetic patients showed a positive correlation between SESN2 and insulin (0.15, P = 0.0005), HOMA-IR (0.11, P = 0.0106), and C-peptide (0.12, P = 0.0048). Participants in the highest SESN2 tertile had increased risks for high BMI (AOR = 1.96, P = 0.05), high TG (AOR = 1.57, P = 0.04), high NT-proBNP (AOR = 7.27, P = 0.01), and high fibrinogen (AOR = 1.92, P = 0.03). These findings suggest that while high SESN2 levels are cardioprotective in healthy individuals, they may indicate higher cellular stress in diabetics. Determining optimal SESN2 levels could help assess CVD risk, particularly in diabetic patients.

Sistem Pembahagian Pintar untuk Kumpulan Kuliah Pelajar (SmartAISystem) merupakan sistem berasaskan web yang dapat membuat proses pembahagian pelajar ke kumpulan mengikut kriteria-kriteria tertentu. Sistem ini merupakan satu penyelesaian untuk mengatasi masalah yang timbul daripada kaedah manual yang digunakan oleh Pusat Asasi Pertahanan (PAP) UPNM. Penggunaan kaedah manual untuk mengendalikan data mentah pelajar yang diterima daripada Unit Pusat Universiti (UPU) cenderung untuk menimbulkan masalah kesilapan manusia. Selain itu, proses pembahagian ini mengambil masa yang lebih lama dari tempoh jangkaan penyediaan yang sepatutnya. Pembahagian pelajar mengikut kumpulan kuliah secara manual yang digunapakai sebelum ini memerlukan tenaga kerja yang ramai bagi mengurangkan kesilapan. SmartAISystem dibangunkan berdasarkan model Rapid Application Development (RAD). Sistem ini membolehkan staf melakukan pembahagian kumpulan kuliah pelajar secara sistematik di atas talian. Bagi perisian dan perkakasan, SmartAISystem menggunakan HTML, CSS dan JavaScript untuk membangunkan SmartAISystem. Selain itu, MySQL digunakan sebagai pangkalan data untuk menyimpan data, dan PHP berfungsi sebagai perantara yang mengawal pergerakan data di antara pangkalan data dan laman web. Secara keseluruhannya, pembangunan SmartAISystem dapat menyelesaikan masalah sedia ada, dan meningkatkan keupayaan serta kecekapan staf dalam membuat pembahagian kumpulan pelajar secara sistematik.

Volvariella volvacea, commonly referred to as paddy straw mushroom, is renowned for its remarkable medicinal and nutritional properties. This mushroom, part of the family Pluteaceae, thrives in tropical and subtropical regions and is highly esteemed for its distinctive flavor and substantial health benefits. The fruiting body of V. volvacea is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including antioxidant enzymes, terpenes, polypeptides, sugars, phenolics, and flavonoids. These compounds exhibit an extensive range of therapeutic activities such as anti-tumor, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. Nutritionally, V. volvacea is an excellent source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, ascorbic acid, and essential minerals. It also boasts a comprehensive profile of amino acids, including valine, arginine, glutamine, serine, aspartic acid, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, asparagine, lysine, cystine, proline, glycine, tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and histidine. This review emphasizes the significant medicinal and nutritional potential of V. volvacea, advocating its inclusion as a functional food to enhance human health and well-being. By highlighting its diverse bioactive compounds and therapeutic benefits, this review aims to foster greater recognition and utilization of paddy straw mushroom in both dietary and medicinal applications.

In the Haber-Bosch process (HBp), which uses elevated pressure and temperature to produce more concentration of nitrogen and hydrogen gases, 90% of the 175 million metric tons of NH3 generated worldwide in 2016 were manufactured in this process. According to the road plan for sustainable ammonia production sustainably, using water as a reducing agent is the most effective way to fix nitrogen in close-quarters ambiance. A complete explanation of theoretical and practical work on electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction is provided in this article, with special attention paid to the low selectivity of nitrogen reduction to ammonia in comparison to protons to hydrogen. Since they are essential for accurately achieving high nitrogen production and Faradaic efficiency (FE), their information outlines electrocatalysts, electrolyte selection criteria, and managed experiment design. Under diverse conditions, the evolution of theory and experiment is examined. Finally, feedback is given on this field’s present issues and prospects.

AI has helped dental care professionals in different aspects which directly influence the increase in quality of service provided by dentists and improving patient personalized experience. AI can detect carious lesions, and gingival health, interpret X-rays and CBCT, record impressions of flabby tissues, and predict patient experience with accuracy and precision of more than 85%. AI-based robots can mimic patient expressions and reactions in dental treatment helping dental students at the undergraduate level. AI-based robotics can play an important role in different dental procedures because of the lack of tiredness as compared to manual instrumentation. Machine learning can play a vital role in detecting cancer markers, histological features of oral tissues, and forensic odontology. AI software used to interpret CBCT, and X-rays is useful to dental surgeons since it can measure bone height and width and help clinicians plan treatment accordingly. Patient data records are easily accessible to researchers and clinicians when data is digitalized with the help of AI software. AI has its limitations mainly because of ethical considerations, In the future dentists should make comprehensive AI-based clinics that would record patient pre-treatment records, medical history, and dental history and make treatment plans accordingly.

The crossbreed originated from male native chicken x female commercial layers, currently in Indonesia called a Super Native Chicken (Ayam Kampung Super). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a selected local KUB (Ayam Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) rooster to cross female ISA Brown chickens to produce Indonesian super native chickens. In comparison, the ISA hen was crossed with an unselected local chicken of bangkok descent (Ayam Kampung Turunan Bangkok, KTB) rooster, and the same hen strain was crossed with a Rhode Island Red (RIR) rooster. The treatment was crossbreeding (CB): CB1= KUB x ISA, CB2= KTB x ISA, and CB3= RIR x ISA. The results of the study showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) effects on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, or chick abnormalities, but KUB x ISA resulted in significantly greater (P

Few-shot font generation seeks to create high-quality fonts using minimal reference style images, addressing traditional font design’s labor-intensive and time-consuming nature, particularly for languages with large character sets like Chinese and Korean. Existing methods often require multi-stage training or predefined components, which can be time-consuming and limit generalizability. This paper introduces Patch-Font, a novel single-stage method that overcomes the limitations of prior approaches, such as multi-stage training or reliance on predefined components, by integrating a patch-based attention mechanism and a multitask encoder. Patch-Font jointly captures global style elements (e.g., overall font family characteristics) and local style details (e.g., serifs, stroke shapes), ensuring high fidelity to the target style while maintaining computational efficiency. Our approach incorporates triplet margin loss with hard positive/negative mining to disentangle style from content and a style fidelity loss to enhance local style consistency. Experiments on Korean (printed and handwritten) and Chinese fonts demonstrate that Patch-Font outperforms state-of-the-art methods in style accuracy, perceptual quality, and generation speed while generalizing robustly to unseen characters and font styles. By simplifying the font creation process and delivering high-quality results, Patch-Font represents a significant step forward in making font design more accessible and scalable for diverse languages.

ASTM A106 B grade is used to manufacture seamless steel pipe, which can be used at high temperature, pressure, and hard environmental conditions for oil and gas supplies but suffers from corrosion. Polyurea is an organic coating that is resistant to moisture, UV light, and chemicals and has a high range of service temperatures. In this study, the effect of polyurea coating with the addition of copper nanoparticles was investigated for improvement of anti-corrosion and mechanical behavior in 3.5 % NaCl solution for A106 steel. Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed to examine anticorrosion properties, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to examine quality coating, thickness, and distribution of copper nanoparticles. Wear, hardness, and tensile tests were performed to check mechanical properties. The corrosion rate decreases from 0.16264 mpy to 0.01376 mpy while coating resistance increases from 2.95 × 104 Ω cm2 to 2.474 × 105 Ω cm2. An increasing trend was observed during the tensile test for pure polyurea and pure polyurea with 2 % copper nanoparticles. i.e., 501 MPa and 536 MPa, respectively. Results showed pure polyurea and polyurea with copper nanoparticles on steel improve its anti-corrosion and mechanical properties significantly.

The present case highlights the potential of misdiagnosis of functional cysts in young females presenting with acute abdominal pain and radiological findings consistent with other common gastrointestinal and urological disorders. A young female suffers bouts of acute abdominal pain. Initially, no radiological or clinical abnormalities were observed. Later, the patient developed signs of systemic infection and underwent two laparoscopic surgeries. Diagnosis of haemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst was established on histopathology. It is essential to thoroughly investigate acute abdominal pain as one of the differentials for ovarian cysts. Always consult a gynaecologist to rule out reproductive diseases in young females.

Biomass gasification efficiently produces heat, electricity, and power. However, removing harmful contaminants from raw syngas is crucial. Tar production is a challenge due to blockage, plugging, and corrosion. Tar steam reforming (TSR) is the most promising technique, converting high molecular weight hydrocarbons into CO, CO2, H2, and CH4. In this study, a model of biomass gasification using wheat straw as biomass feedstock has been developed using Aspen Plus. The gasification flow sheet encompasses gasification, catalytic filter candle, gas cleaning, impurity removal reactor, separator, and subsequent sorbent reactors. Ni-based catalysts with Ni ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%) are used to simulate TSR reactions. Results show that the 15% Ni-Co-Al2O3 catalyst outperforms the 10% and 5% Ni-Co-Al2O3 catalysts. This study explores the impact of temperature, catalyst loadings, and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratios on toluene conversion and hydrogen yield in catalytic steam reforming, along with temperature, steam-to-biomass ratios, and equivalence ratio on syngas fraction in gasification. It includes a techno-economic analysis of wheat straw gasification to improve syngas energy through efficient tar conversion.

Objective: Curriculum viability refers to the sustainability and effectiveness of an educational curriculum. This study was done to assess curriculum viability inhibitors in an undergraduate medical curriculum at the University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted from November 2023 till March 2024, including 8 faculty members with more than 5 years ofexperience from both the clinical and basic sciences of undergraduate MBBS program at UCMD. The questionnaire filled in before conducting FGD contained 6 viability inhibitors, which included Educational Program Inhibitors; Disciplinary Cultural Inhibitors; Social Interaction Inhibitors; Institutional Policies Inhibitors; Communication Practices inhibitors; and Faculty Involvement Inhibitors. There were total of 25 items collectively under these six inhibitors. The FGD that followed was conducted for two hours, involving two main interviewers, two observers and one interpreter for recording the data. Results: All of the 8 participants of the cohort unanimously agreed that there were no issues in the educational program and the curriculum was designed according to the major outcomes of the institute and was being followed in letter and inspirit. However, they highlighted 3 out of 25 items which according to them were not effective. First two items belonged to institutional policies inhibitors (item 12, and 15), and one belonged to faculty involvement inhibitors (item 25). The data underwent rigorous thematic analysis,involving the meticulous manual examination of transcribed data. Conclusion: While the faculty was generally satisfied with the curriculum, minor challenges exist that can be addressed through collaborative SWOT analysis meetings with stakeholders. The report emphasized the importance of continuous improvement and stakeholder engagement for a sustainable and responsive curriculum.

Smoking has a serious complicated impact on Cardiovascular Health (CVH), which makes it an easily controlled risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). The importance of early diagnosis and treatment is crucial because of CVD, which remains to be the leading cause of morbidity and death across the globe, therefore, smoking behaviour prediction is essential. This research explores the complex relationship between smoking and CVD, and clarifies how smoking negatively impacts CVH. The first step of the analysis is removing the Not-a-Number (NaN) values in the smoking behaviour bio signals data because all NaN values are in the target column ‘smoking’, which could lead to generate biased predictions. Further, robust scaling is applied to standardize the data, where all features are on the same scale. The Random Forest feature selection technique is applied to select the most relevant features for smoking status prediction. The Borderline-Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique is used to balance the minority class with the majority class, to reduce the risk of overfitting in results. Finally, the cleaned and preprocessed data is passed to the Proposed Blending Model (PBM). In PBM, the Echo State Network and GoogleNet are placed on the base layer, and AlexNet is placed on the meta layer to make a robust smoking status prediction model. In terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score, the PBM outperforms the baseline techniques with an improvement score of 5%, 6%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. Additionally, the PBM’s results are validated through a 10-fold cross-validation method, which can increase its reliability and durability. Finally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations technique is used to understand the predictions made by the PBM. It can reveal the explainability and interpretability of the PBM. Conclusively, during the thorough simulation process, the results are collected and the ablation study is performed. The simulation results show that the early prediction of hidden smokers can help to reduce the effect of the CVDs. It also makes proactive healthcare strategies possible for better future outcomes and public health.

In an era of shifting cultural, economic, and dietary landscapes, the study of food spending habits has become extremely important. There is a lack of comprehensive studies on the financial constraints faced by students and how these limitations impact on their food spending choices. This study examines the underlying factors and determinants that influence the food spending habits of students within the context of higher education. The main objective of this study was to examine the antecedents of students’ food spending habits. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 107 students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak Alam and analyzed. The result demonstrated that all independent variables (promotional advertisements, personal preferences, and cultural trends) tested in this study have a significant impact on students' food spending habits. Findings from this study would be beneficial to policymakers, businesses in the food industry, and educational institutions in promoting healthier and sustainable food spending habits among students. Hence, it is expected that it can provide valuable insights into various aspects of an individual’s life and the broader economy.

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds produced in plants as secondary metabolites. Flavonoids have favorable biochemical effects on multiple diseases and other bioactivities. This study aimed to isolate the active compounds contained in malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves and analyze toxic properties using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method in Artemia salina leach shrimp larvae. This study used malacca leaf powder with ethyl acetate solvent then macerated. Ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and fractionated, then toxicity tests were carried out. Extracts from the evaporation results were further fractionated using solvent petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Then the ethyl acetate fraction was hydrolyzed using reflagged with 7% sulfuric acid for two hours, then the filtrate was extracted with ethanol solvent. The obtained fraction washed with aquades and dried using a vacuum desiccator. The toxicity test results showed that the flavonoid compound of malacca leaves was not toxic with a value of LC50 > 1000 ppm, an increase in the concentration of the extract was followed by an increase in the average mortality of larvae.