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Summary: Group pre‐operative education has usually been limited to conditioning expectations and providing education. Prehabilitation has highlighted modifiable lifestyle factors that are amenable to change and may improve clinical outcomes. We instituted a pre‐operative 'Fit‐4‐Surgery School' for patients scheduled for major surgery, to educate and promote healthy behaviour. We evaluated patients' views having attended the school, and after surgery we asked how it had changed their behaviour with a lifestyle questionnaire. The school was launched in May 2016 and was attended by 586/1017 (58%) of invited patients. Patients who did not attend: lived further away, median (IQR [range]) 8 (4–19 [0–123]) miles vs. 5 (3–14 [0–172]) miles, p < 0.001; and were more deprived, Index of Multiple Deprivation Rank decile median (IQR [range]), 6 (4–8 [1–10]) vs. 7 (4–9 [1–10]), p = 0.04. Of the 492/586 (84%) participants who completed an evaluation questionnaire, 462 (94%) would recommend the school to a friend having surgery and 296 (60%) planned lifestyle changes. After surgery, 232/586 (40%) completed a behavioural change questionnaire, 106 (46%) of whom reported changing at least one lifestyle factor, most commonly by increasing exercise. The pre‐operative school was acceptable to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We evaluate the effect of an exercised prehabilitation programme on tumour response in rectal cancer patients following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT). Patients and Methods: Rectal cancer patients with (MRI-defined) threatened resection margins who completed standardized NACRT were prospectively studied in a post hoc, explorative analysis of two previously reported clinical trials. MRI was performed at Weeks 9 and 14 post-NACRT, with surgery at Week 15. Patients undertook a 6-week preoperative exercise-training programme. Oxygen uptake (VO2) at anaerobic threshold (AT) wasmeasured at baseline (pre-NACRT), after completion of NACRT and at week 6 (post-NACRT). Tumour related outcome variables: MRI tumour regression grading (ymrTRG) at Week 9 and 14; histopathological T-stage (ypT); and tumour regression grading (ypTRG)) were compared. Results: 35 patients (26 males) were recruited. 26 patients undertook tailored exercise-training with 9 unmatched controls. NACRT resulted in a fall in VO2 at AT −2.0 ml/kg−1/min−1(−1.3,−2.6), p < 0.001. Exercise was shown to reverse this effect. VO2 at AT increased between groups, (post-NACRT vs. week 6) by +1.9 ml/kg−1/min−1(0.6, 3.2), p = 0.007. A significantly greater ypTRG in the exercise group at the time of surgery was found (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Following completion of NACRT, exercise resulted in significant improvements in fitness and augmented pathological tumour regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo traz à discussão as relações entre a Pedagogia de Projetos e a Formação Humana Integral, buscando, de forma sistemática e crítica, superar a visão de ensino-aprendizagem desvinculada de uma formação crítica, inventiva e comprometida com a transformação social. Para tanto, se propôs a analisar a utilização da Pedagogia de Projetos como metodologia de ensino visando uma formação humana integral dos discentes, percebendo-os como sujeitos ativos de seu processo de aprendizagem. Durante a pesquisa, são destacadas as principais características da Pedagogia de Projetos e suas contribuições para a formação Humana Integral. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso de uma turma do curso Técnico em Administração na Forma Integrada do IFAM campus Coari, de modo a apontar as descobertas realizadas e os resultados alcançados após a reflexão e análise do processo. O levantamento de dados foi feito a partir da aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada e observação remota dos participantes. Os resultados tiveram seus dados tabulados e submetidos ao tratamento da metodologia de Analise Textual Discursiva, para análise dos resultados obtidos.

We show that a bright-field defocused microscope is effectively a phase-contrast microscope, but with advantages over the conventional one and maintaining the same optical resolution. In a multilayered transparent object, the height amplitude (static and dynamic) of each interface can be measured separately with nanometer sensitivity. By scanning the position of the objective focal plane in relation to the surfaces of a red blood cell, we obtain quantitative information on height fluctuations from each surface individually, which can be analyzed with our model of a defocused microscope and compared with theoretical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]