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Twenty U.S. states permit the indefinite detention of civilly committed sex offenders after the end of their prison sentences if their dangerousness is due to a “mental abnormality.” This article explores the origins of one such law by examining its predecessor, the Minnesota Psychopathic Personality Act of 1939. Passed in the wake of a panic over sex crimes and upheld by the Supreme Court in 1940, Minnesota’s psychopath statute extended a 1917 eugenics law providing for the compulsory civil commitment and institutionalization of “defectives” to persons alleged to have a psychopathic personality. Analyzing the 1917 and 1939 laws together shows how one state’s psychopath statute had less to do with psychiatric authority than with the legal and administrative framework established by Progressive-era eugenics. From the 1910s until today, dubious claims about the ability of science to identify potential criminals legitimized politically popular, but constitutionally questionable, forms of administrative and social control.

El artículo identifica y analiza los catorce Crucificados de tamaño natural tallados por el escultor Manuel Martín Nieto, natural y establecido en Morón de la Frontera, en la provincia de Sevilla, en el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2020. Estas esculturas forman una serie amplia, hasta ahora inédita en la bibliografía artística, en la que se pueden deducir las claves creativas y la evolución artística del autor. Igualmente hay que considerar que al menos seis de estas representaciones se encuentran entre las obras claves de la producción religiosa andaluza de las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI, por lo que es necesario darlas a conocer haciendo las valoraciones oportunas. The article identifies and analyzes fourteen Crucified carved by the sculptor Manuel Martín Nieto, a native and established in Morón de la Frontera, in the province of Seville, in the first two decades of the 21 ST century. These sculptures form a wide series, hitherto unpublished in the artistic bibliography, in which the creative keys and the artistic evolution of the author can be deduced. Likewise, it must be considered that at least six of these representations are among the key works of Andalusia religious production of that period, so it is necessary to make them known by making the appropriate appraisals.

Geophysical field data are used to identify the Xar Moron fault and structural differences on both sides are contrasted, the density in the horizontal and vertical directions is discussed. Based on the analysis of rock geochemistry, the sources of volcanic magma are discussed. The results show that: (1) the Xar Moron fault is a suture which has obvious differences in the crustal structures on both sides. (2) Volcanic rocks on the ground are distinguished by high potassium calcium alkaline series and their magmatic source is a mixture of crust and mantle source.

We present an annotated catalogue for the tribe Incini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) including references to all taxonomic and nomenclatural acts, clarifying the spelling of names, providing type depositories and occurrence records for the species. The spelling of Golinca davisii (Waterhouse, 1877) is fixed, and the incorrect subsequent spelling Pantodinus klugi Burmeister, 1847 is preserved. A comprehensive list of all valid names in Incini is provided. Furthermore, we describe the third species in the genus Archedinus Morón & Krikken, 1990, and first one known from outside of Mexico, A. antoshkai Seidel & Arriaga-Varela sp. nov. from Cerro las Minas, the highest mountain in Honduras. We provide an updated determination key for the species of Archedinus. The new species is compared with Archedinus howdeni Morón & Vaz-de-Mello, 2007, the most similar species in terms of genital and habitus morphology. An updated key to identification of males of Archedinus is provided.

The present review studies Jorge Monteleone’s El centro de la tierra (Reading and Childhood), where moving autobiographical stories are threaded with reflections on the brightness of contact with the cosmos of books in childhood. It is a book that in its first part traces the links that the author intends to uncover between childhood and reading, and then focuses on the memories of the author’s childhood between the 1950s and 1960s , the vivacity of what was felt by accessing his father’s small library or by playing with his cousin Hugo in the courtyard of his grandparents in the town of Morón. In the book reverberates both the instant return of the first readings as discovery and enabling it to occur again and the impossibility of reaching it fully. As a whole, it is an inescapable book, either to study the historical construction of children, the history of books and magazines (and publishing houses) for children in Argentina since the second half of the twentieth century, to elucidate child care practices from reading or to ask about such issues in the contemporary scene. Monteleone, J. (2018). El centro de la tierra (Lectura e infancia). Buenos Aires: Ampersand, colección Lector&s, 220 páginas. ISBN 978-987-4161-20-8. La presente reseña estudiaEl centro de la tierra (Lectura e infancia)de Jorge Monteleone, donde los conmovedores relatos autobiográficos se enhebran con reflexiones sobre el brillo del contacto con el cosmos de los libros en la infancia. Se trata de un libro que en su primera partetraza los nexos que el autor se propone develar entre infancia y lectura, para luego enfocarse en los recuerdos de la infancia del autor entre las décadas de 1950 y 1960 , la vivacidad de lo sentido al acceder a la pequeña biblioteca de su padre o al jugar con su primo Hugo en el patio de sus abuelos en la localidad de Morón. En el libro reverbera tanto el regreso al instante de las primeras lecturas en tanto descubrimiento y que habilita a que ocurra otra vezcomo aquella imposibilidad de alcanzarlo plenamente. En su conjunto, es un libro ineludible, ya sea para estudiar la construcción histórica de las infancias, la historia de los libros y las revistas (y las editoriales) para niños en Argentina desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX, para dilucidar las prácticas de cuidado de los niños a partir de la lectura o para preguntarse a propósito de tales problemáticas en el escenario contemporáneo. A presente revisão estuda o centro da terra (Leitura e infância) do Jorge Monteleone, onde as histórias autobiográficas tocantes são encadeadas com reflexões sobre o brilho do contato com o cosmos dos livros na infância. É um livro que, em sua primeira parte, traça os vínculos que o autor pretende revelar entre a infância e a leitura e, em seguida, focaliza as memórias da infância do autor entre as décadas de 1950 e 1960, a vivacidade do significado ao acessar na pequena biblioteca de seu pai ou quando brincava com seu primo Hugo no quintal de seus avós, na cidade de Morón. No livro, reverbera tanto o retorno ao instante das primeiras leituras quanto a descoberta e isso permite que aconteça novamente, além da impossibilidade de alcançá-lo completamente. Como um todo, é um livro inescapável, seja para estudar a construção histórica da infância, a história de livros e revistas (e editoras) para crianças na Argentina desde a segunda metade do século XX, para elucidar as práticas de cuidados infantis desde a leitura ou para perguntar sobre essas questões no cenário contemporâneo. &nbsp

The genus Paraburkholderia encompasses mostly environmental isolates with diverse predicted lifestyles. Genome analyses have shown that bacteriophages form a considerable portion of some Paraburkholderia genomes. Here, we analyzed the evolutionary history of prophages across all Paraburkholderia spp. Specifically, we investigated to what extent the presence of prophages and their distribution affect the diversity/diversification of Paraburkholderia spp., as well as to what extent phages coevolved with their respective hosts. Particular attention was given to the presence of CRISPR-Cas arrays as a reflection of past interactions with phages. We thus analyzed 36 genomes of Paraburkholderia spp., including those of 11 new strains, next to those of three Burkholderia species. Most genomes were found to contain at least one full prophage sequence. The highest number was found in Paraburkholderia sp. strain MF2-27; the nine prophages found amount to up to 4% of its genome. Among all prophages, potential moron genes (e.g., DNA adenine methylase) were found that might be advantageous for host cell fitness. Co-phylogenetic analyses indicated the existence of complex evolutionary scenarios between the different Paraburkholderia hosts and their prophages, including short-term co-speciation, duplication, host-switching and phage loss events. Analysis of the CRISPR-Cas systems showed a record of diverse, potentially recent, phage infections. We conclude that, overall, different phages have interacted in diverse ways with their Paraburkholderia hosts over evolutionary time.

Philosophers often treat racist and sexist slurs as a special sort of puzzle. What is the difference between a slur and its correlates? In attempting to answer this question, a second distinction has been overlooked: that between slurs and insults. What makes a term count as a slur? This is not an unnecessary taxonomical question as long as ableist terms such as ‘moron’ are dismissed as mere insults. Attempts to resolve the insult/slur distinction by considering the communicative content of slurs are not promising. A better solution is offered by speech act theory, and this paper develops a novel way to describe ordinary slurring utterances as oppressive speech acts. This can both explain the difference between slurs and insults, and challenge the dismissal of ableist terms.

The Permian Solonker–Xar Moron River Suture in South Mongolia and Inner Mongolia of China represents a major tectonic boundary in Asia. The position of its eastward continuation in northeastern China has been debated for many years. In order to resolve this debate, we measured detrital zircons of the Cisuralian (Early Permian) plant fossil-bearing Hesheng Formation in the Yanbian area, Jilin Province. The detrital zircons have ages of ca. 2541–2535 Ma, 1897–1832 Ma, 458–452 Ma, and 390–280 Ma. We therefore conclude that the depositional age of the Hesheng Formation is younger than ca. 280 Ma; this is consistent with paleontologic data that indicates an Artinskian–Early Kungurian age. The presence of Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic zircons suggests that the Hesheng Formation may have a North-China affinity; the absence of Neoproterozoic and Pan-African zircons preclude detrital sources from the Jiamusi–Mongolia Block during the Cisuralian. This, combined with the Permian floristic and stratigraphic data, provides a clue that the Solonker–Xar Moron River Suture likely extends to the Wangqing–Hunchun region, in eastern Jilin Province.

Abstract From 1999 to 2007 Japan-Mongol joint archaeological expedition worked in the Ulaan Uushig site near the city Mörön, Northern Mongolia. The purpose of our survey is to determine the date of the beginning of nomadic powers in the Eurasian steppes. In places where early kingship occurred, various sizes of tombs were often built. The tomb size reflected the social status of the dead. And a powerful “king” built a big tumulus as a symbol of power. However, elite tumuli were abandoned along with the maturity of power structures. We consider that such a phenomenon can also be seen in the Eurasian steppes. For this reason we looked for the earliest tumuli in Mongolia, the heartland of rider nomads, and studied the change of size and structure of nomadic elite tombs.

On a hand-made poster in the ‘HQ’ of the Biker Club in Vorkuta, the three members of the local punk band Mazut loom out of the darkness, their faces comically distorted and framed either side by the words ‘Fucking noise’ and ‘Mutant-morons’. This article traces tropes of ‘mutation’, ‘mutant’ and ‘moron’ within the music, performance and self-identifications of punk scene members drawing on interviews, field notes, audio and visual recordings gathered in autumn 2009 in the city of Vorkuta in Russia’s far North. It explores the ‘mutant’ hero as it appears in facial and bodily gestures, song lyrics and everyday talk on the punk scene. It considers the meanings attached to the practice of ‘mutation’ among scene members as well as the unarticulated role it plays in signalling a boundary crossing between ‘everyday life’, marked by heavy physical and emotional demands of routines of paid employment and family lives, and ‘subcultural life’, as a practice of the enactment of (a consciously temporary) freedom from them.

The until now monospecific genus Yaaxkumukia Moron & Nogueira (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Rutelidae: Anomalinae: Anomalini) occurs in the south of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. Two new species Yaaxkumukia conabioi sp. nov. and Yaaxkumukia moroni sp. nov. are described, and the type species of the genus, Yaaxkumukia ephemera Moron & Nogueira, is redescribed. A key of the species of Yaaxkumukia is provided. Collection records show that the species of Yaaxkumukia are associated with medium-elevation cloud forest, and their scarce mobility together with the fragmentation of this ecosystem threatens their populations. The biogeography of the genus also is discussed.

American psychologist Henry H. Goddard's introduction of the Binet test in the United States was hailed by contemporaries as a major advance in diagnostic technique. With it he ‘discovered’ the moron, who was believed to suffer from a mild type of mental deficiency that had previously been unidentified. But Goddard had actually grafted his new classification onto an older tradition that was based on social judgments about what constituted normal behaviour. This paper describes the social context of Goddard's discovery along with the assumptions and methods that resulted in his ‘scientific’ confirmation of the earlier, socially constructed prototype.

Theories of education are inevitably bound up with conceptions of human nature and society. This is hardly surprising, since education is an activity targeted exclusively on human beings (as far as we know) and is at least in part a preparation for entry into adult society. But a theory which draws on a conception of human or personal being is required to say something about what humans are. Special education, and especially education of those with learning difficulties, operates as a powerful test of the plausibility of general accounts of the educational enterprise. In particular, we will be arguing that some widely held views about education lack plausibility since they involve the premiss that a significant number of human beings are not persons at all. In recent years, there have been significant changes in the perspectives adopted on physical and mental handicap and disability. This paper focuses primarily on the underlying philosophical ideas that fund much of our thinking on the issues raised by educational provision for those with learning difficulties. We will show that some dominant themes in the philosophy of education make it nearly impossible to discuss seriously the provision of education for those who have serious learning problems. Other educational philosophies which make such discussion possible are then introduced; in our view, the latter philosophies operate with a rather more satisactory conception of person or human being than do the former. Our underlying conceptions of human nature, or personal being, are not touched by physical impairment in the same way that they are by mental deficits. Many writers on the theory and philosophy of education take it as obvious that persons are creatures with certain kinds of mental faculties. Old classifications of those with significant learning difficulties ('moron', 'cretin', 'idiot', 'imbecile' and the like) suggest a taxonomy of mental deficit to parallel that available for the physically impaired (think of the precision of terms like 'hemiplegic', 'paraplegic'and so on).

In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Moron et al. [1] report that Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 produces different Nod factors in response to flavonoid induction under differing environmental conditions. This unanticipated environmental dependence has implications for altering or potentially improving the host-bacteria interaction in bean nodulation.

The best scale invariant test of exponentiality against one-sided gamma alternatives is shown to be based on a well known statistic considered by Moron [4].