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The flow of blood via a multi-stenosed blood vessel that is modeled as having two layers and passing through a porous media is altered by an external magnetic field, as stated in this paper. In our current research, the explicit solutions of pressure gradient and both central and peripheral velocities are evaluated using the Frobenius Technique. Pictorial representations of the pressure gradient data for various parameters are produced using MATLAB programming. The study proves that variations in the peripheral layer's thickness have an impact on the pressure gradient. These insights might help in the creation of more potent treatments for blood flow-related disorders.

The inclusion of lead in the Champion perovskite material MAPbI3 is a detrimental factor in the commercialization of lead based perovskite solar cells. This is mainly due to the toxicity of lead and also due to degradation of MAPbI3 in ambient condition into hazardous chemicals which are toxic to the environment [1]. Due to these factors, though the Hybrid Organic Inorganic Lead based PSCs exhibit excellent photovoltaic effect and photo conversion efficiency (PCE), yet numerous theoretical and experimental studies have been done to replace lead with suitable elements such as Sn, Ge, Bi etc. This research work focusses on replacing Pb from MAPbI3, with different wt% of Bi such as 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% and analyzing its effect on the stability and efficiency of the PSC. These solutions of Bi doped perovskite are coated on the FTOs and are fabricated under room ambient condition in the sandwich structure. The results exhibit lower efficiency of Bismuth doped PSCs but it shows remarkable stability comparable to that of MAPbI3.

Introduction: The brachial plexus is a variable nerve plexus in its formation and branching pattern. Variations in the brachial plexus are not uncommon, and its area of supply and associations with other adjacent anatomical structures require clinical and surgical attention. Aim: To find out any anatomical variations in the formation and branching pattern of the brachial plexus in human foetuses. Materials and Methods: A morphometric prospective observational study was conducted from January 2020 to July 2022, on 30 stillborn or Intrauterine Dead (IUD) human foetuses were taken in the study. Gestation age from 28 to 40 weeks of gestation were included in the study, while those with gross anomalies or morphological anomalies of the cranium and vertebral column were excluded. The dissection includes vertical midline incision of the skin from the external occipital protuberance to the lower limit of the thoracic vertebra (T12). The skin was cut in the midline and reflected laterally. All superficial and deep muscles of the neck were dissect out to clear the cervical and thoracic parts of the vertebral column. The vertebral column was cut and opened to visualise the spinal cord and spinal nerves. Based on gestational age, the foetuses were divided into three groups: four in the first group (28-31 weeks), twelve in the second group (32-35 weeks), and fourteen in the third group (36-40 weeks) were divided for descriptive purposes. The gender of foetuses was determined based on the external genitalia. Results: A total of 60 brachial plexuses were dissected, of which 49 (81.66%) had the usual anatomical formation of the trunks: the upper trunk formed by C5 and C6 roots, the middle trunk by the C7 root, and the lower trunk by the C8 and T1 roots. Eleven (18.34%) plexuses presented variations in trunk formation. Specifically, 8 (13.3%) brachial plexuses were of the prefix type, where the upper trunk was formed by the C5 and C6 roots with an additional contribution from the C4 root; there was inter-branch communication between C6 and C7 in one (1.7%) case; the middle and lower trunks united by C7, C8, and T1 roots formed the lower trunk in another (1.7%) case, and finally, one (1.7%) case exhibited the post-fix type. Conclusion: In this study, out of the 30 foetuses examined, 11 showed variations, which is not uncommon. The prefix type of brachial plexus is quite common among the possible variations, although anatomists and neurosurgeons cannot ignore the possibility of other variations, like post-fix type or communication between the roots of the brachial plexuses.

Background: Nasal morphometry is a technique which includes the study of a part, size, and shape of the human nose. The nasal index (NI), nostril shape, and philtrum shape are the parameters commonly studied. These may show variations according to regional, ethnic, and climatic differences. Hence, a study was done to calculate the NI among a subgroup and classify the nose type based on it. Also to assess the gender variations and to observe the nostril and philtrum shapes. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study consisted of 210 undergraduate students at a medical university. The nasal height and nasal breadth were measured in centimeters with a Digital Vernier Caliper. Subsequently, the NI was calculated. Based on these nasal indices, the nose was classified into the following: leptorrhine: 84.9. The nostril shapes (rectangular/triangular/teardrop/round) and philtrum shapes (triangular/parallel/flat/concave) were also observed. Results: The mean NI was 76.06 ± 8.614 with a range from 54.7 to 110. Mesorrhine variety was the most common type. The predominant shape of the nostrils found was rectangular, whereas the most common shape of the philtrum found was triangular. Conclusions: Nasal anthropometric measurements are a simple, reliable, and cost-effective method to study the facial characteristics among a population. These measurements provide guidelines that may play a crucial role in forensics and facial reconstructive procedures.

Abstract A series of Eu3+ ions doped Ca0.05Y1.93-xO3:0.02Ho3+ (CYO:Ho3+,xEu3+) nanophosphors having multicolour tuneability have been synthesised by following a simplistic solution combustion approach. The synthesised samples have been characterised by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical properties have been engrossed by UV–visible and photoluminescent excitation and emission spectra, and decay lifetimes measurements. The characteristic emission, which occurs due to the f-f transition of Ho3+ and Eu3+ has been observed in emission spectra with excitation of 448 nm. By adjusting the doping ratio of Ho3+/Eu3+, the as-synthesized nanophosphor accomplishes multicolour tunability from green-yellow to red. Emission spectra and decay lifetime curve recommend dipole–dipole interaction causes energy transfer from Ho3+ → Eu3+. The energy transfer process from Ho3+ to Eu3+ has been confirmed through electric dipole–dipole interaction with critical distance 15.146 Å. Moreover, temperature dependent emission spectra show the high thermal stability with an activation energy ⁓ 0.21 eV, with the quantum efficiency of 83.6%. CIE coordinate illustrates that the singly doped Ho3+ and Eu3+ lie in the green and red region, respectively, while the as-synthesized CYO:Ho3+,xEu3+shows tunability from green to red with low CCT and high colour purity values. Hence, the CYO:Ho3+,xEu3+nanophosphor may be a near-UV excited multicolour colour-tunable pertinent candidate with potential prospects for multicolour- display and near-ultraviolet lighting applications.

Abstract Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of highly capacitive activated carbon (AC) using a bio-waste Kusha grass (Desmostachya bipinnata), by employing a chemical process followed by activation through KOH. The as-synthesized few-layered activated carbon has been confirmed through X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The chemical environment of the as-prepared sample has been accessed through FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy. The surface area and porosity of the as-synthesized material have been accessed through the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. All the electrochemical measurements have been performed through cyclic voltammetry and galvanometric charging/discharging (GCD) method, but primarily, we focus on GCD due to the accuracy of the technique. Moreover, the as-synthesized AC material shows a maximum specific capacitance as 218 F g−1 in the potential window ranging from − 0.35 to + 0.45 V. Also, the AC exhibits an excellent energy density of ~ 19.3 Wh kg−1 and power density of ~ 277.92 W kg−1, respectively, in the same operating potential window. It has also shown very good capacitance retention capability even after 5000th cycles. The fabricated supercapacitor shows a good energy density and power density, respectively, and good retention in capacitance at remarkably higher charging/discharging rates with excellent cycling stability. Henceforth, bio-waste Kusha grass-derived activated carbon (DP-AC) shows good promise and can be applied in supercapacitor applications due to its outstanding electrochemical properties. Herein, we envision that our results illustrate a simple and innovative approach to synthesize a bio-waste Kusha grass-derived activated carbon (DP-AC) as an emerging supercapacitor electrode material and widen its practical application in electrochemical energy storage fields.

Rapid industrialization, increasing energy demand, and climate change are the conditions that forced the researchers to develop a clean, efficient, renewable, and sustainable source of energy which has a potential to replace fossil fuels. Ethanol is one of the attractive and suitable renewable energy resources. In present study, effectiveness of microwave pretreatment in combination with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for increasing enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw has been investigated and under optimum conditions obtained a maximum reducing sugar (1334.79 µg/mL) through microwave assisted NaOH pretreatment. Chemical composition analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and silicon content is more in microwave assisted NaOH pretreatment than the blank sample. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity index of rice straw treated with microwave assisted alkali (54.55%) is significantly high as compared to the blank (49.07%). Hence, the present study proves that microwave assisted alkali pretreatment can effectively enhance enzymatic digestibility of rice straw and it is feasible to convert rice straw for bioethanol production.