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Mikio Momoeda,1 Masakane Hayakawa,2 Yukio Shimazaki,3 Hideki Mizunuma,4 Yuji Taketani5 1Department of Integrated Women's Health, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, 2Medical Affairs, 3Product Development, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd, Osaka, 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 5Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization, Kawasaki, JapanBackground: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a combination of ethinylestradiol (EE) and 0.02 mg/drospirenone (DRSP) 3 mg in Japanese women with dysmenorrhea and in particular to determine whether or not the presence of specific coexisting organic diseases (eg, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, uterine adenomyosis) has an impact on treatment.Methods and results: Four hundred and ten patients with dysmenorrhea aged 20 years or older (315 without coexisting organic disease, 28 with endometriosis, 37 with uterine fibroids, and 46 with uterine adenomyosis [some patients had multiple coexisting organic diseases]) were enrolled and treated with EE/DRSP in either a 16-week comparator study or a 52-week long-term safety study. Evaluations included changes in total dysmenorrhea score, visual analog scale for dysmenorrhea, severity of symptoms, hormone levels, endometrial thickness, and safety outcomes. In both studies, the total dysmenorrhea score was significantly (P

The present research has introduced a new type of Plasma Vortex Generator named as Double-Sided Plasma Vortex Generator (DSPVG) that has dual expose electrodes on both sides. This DSPVG is placed normal to the surface parallel to incoming air and creates vortices on it's both sides. As conventional VG has an angle with flow direction which introduce device drag, to overcome this, DSPVG is placed with zero angle with flow direction; besides due to the smaller thickness and frontal area with incoming air than VGs, the drag penalty due to its geometry is minimised. Furthermore, as vortices are created on both sides, DSPVG is expected to reduce the number of Plasma Vortex Generator (PVG) with respect to the conventional embedded PVGs or VGs on the flow controlling surface. Hence, it is able to take advantage of height like conventional VGs and active control systems of PVGs with dual vortices on both sides. The impact of DSPVG on separation control has been investigated experimentally and compared its effectiveness with conventional vane VGs. Three different types of flow measurement techniques have been used to confirm the repeatability and consistency of the experimental results. Numerical investigations have been carried out to evaluate the experimental results. These findings show that the DSPVG is capable to eliminate the separation similarly to the conventional VGs but with higher momentum injection and more effective in minimizing drag penalty in the uncontrolled case as in OFF condition of DSPVG, there is no alternation of local flow which is generally affected in case of VGs that adds drag penalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drag reduction was investigated for the combined system of polymer additives and a riblet pipe. The riblet grooves were V-shaped, the spacing of which was 1.3 mm and the height of which was 1.01 mm. For higher [h.sup.+], a triangular riblet system including other geometries increases the drag to levels similar to those of normal transient roughness. This drag increase was generally given as a function of [h.sup.+]. The polymer additives were Aronfloc N-110 and Separan AP-30. The critical shear stress [[Tau].sup.*], at which N-110 started the drag reduction, was approximately eight times higher than [[Tau].sup.*] for AP-30. In the combined system, the synergistic drag reduction for higher [h.sup.+] was discussed under the assumption that the additives suppressed the drag increase resulting from riblets. Since the additives thicken a wall layer covering the region from a viscous sublayer to a buffer layer, the relative height of h to this wall layer thickness is lowered. In addition, the flow enhancement due to additives relatively suppresses the riblet-induced drag increase. The analysis based on velocity profiles indicated that these effects can produce synergistic drag reduction for higher [h.sup.+].

Objectives: To clarify the effect of lipid profiles on postmenopausal bone loss using a longitudinal method and to determine whether cytokines are involved in bone loss. Methods: The subjects were Japanese residents participating in the Iwaki Health Promotion Projects. Women with one or more of the following factors were excluded: a history of surgical menopause, current or past users of bisphosphonates or current user of other drugs known to influence bone and lipid metabolism, and current medication for diabetes or hypertension. Consequently, 99 postmenopausal women (61.2 ± 7.7 years old) and 85 premenopausal women (41.2 ± 8.6 years old) were selected for this study. The osteo-sono-assessment index (OSI) of the left calcaneal bone was obtained twice at 1-year intervals and the annual percentage change in OSI was calculated. Serum total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine and cytokines such as adipocytokines, interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured. Postmenopausal women were grouped into three groups according to their basal cholesterol level, and the relationship between basal cholesterol level and annual change in OSI was studied. Results: The annual percentage change in OSI in postmenopausal women with a serum total cholesterol level ≥240 mg/dl was significantly higher compared to those with a normal total cholesterol level, suggesting that hypercholesterolemia accelerates postmenopausal bone loss. No significant differences were seen in any of the cytokines that presumably cause bone resorption. Conclusion: These results showed that hypercholesterolemia has an inverse effect on bone loss independent of cytokines presumed to mediate bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for determining the characteristic shear rates of fluids in the pharynx is advanced here using videofluorography on three healthy subjects. Bolus velocity ( V) was measured for five Newtonian fluids (using different concentrations of glucose syrup), with viscosities in the range of 0.0089-0.657 Pa·s, and was expressed as a function of viscosity ( η). Shear thinning liquid food (with four different thickener concentrations) was also used where the apparent viscosities were adjusted to match the Newtonian fluid viscosities in the shear rate range of 10-1,000/s. The Newtonian and shear thinning liquid bolus velocities were both assumed to follow the same function V = F( η), which gave the shear thinning liquid characteristic viscosities ηc [= F−1( V)]. Substituting ηc into the rheological model gave [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case studies related to the medical conditions in ovarian cancer. The suspicion of presence of tumor mass in the pelvic region was confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging and laparoscopic examination. The patients were provided were provided with a treatment procedure of surgical resection of the tumor mass, cisplatin chemotherapy drug and radiotherapy.

The article presents a case study of a 70-year-old patient diagnosed with granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. The computed tomography reports shows presence of tumor in abdomen, liver and peritoneal cavity of the patient. The patient underwent surgical resection of the intraperitoneal tumors, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy. The patient has been provided with combination therapy consisting of cisplatin and pemetrexed drug.

Thickened liquid foods are given to alleviate swallowing disorder, and their usefulness depends on the flow behavior of the liquid bolus when it is swallowed. In order to optimize the use of the bolus, its swallowing flow was simulated numerically for a pharynx. The rheological model of the bolus liquid was assumed to be a viscous power law model. The movements of the tongue and pharynx were modeled to simulate the swallowing flow. The interaction of the flow of the bolus and the movements of the pharynx were analyzed using a finite element method. In normal swallowing, the viscous liquid reduced the bolus velocity compared with the velocity of the water bolus, but the difference in the velocity because of viscosity was slight between the thickened boluses. With respect to abnormal swallowing, simulations were conducted for two kinds of disorder. When the disorder was caused by dysfunction in the lift up of the throat and retroflexion of the epiglottis, the water bolus was scattered over the epiglottis and was partly aspirated. A thickened bolus of 10 cc was also aspirated from the pyriform sinuses to the larynx. A small bolus of 2 cc remained at the valleculae and then dropped down into the larynx. In contrast, a bolus of 5 cc flowed along the pyriform sinuses and was not aspirated differently from the other cases. When the disorder was caused by early termination of swallowing movements, a part of the bolus remained around the epiglottis, and the return of the epiglottis induced part of the bolus to drop into the larynx. These results suggested that the pattern of the aspiration depended on the swallowing movements, and the viscosity and volume of the bolus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To clarify the effect of lipid profiles on postmenopausal bone loss using a longitudinal method and to determine whether cytokines are involved in bone loss. Methods The subjects were Japanese residents participating in the Iwaki Health Promotion Projects. Women with one or more of the following factors were excluded: a history of surgical menopause, current or past users of bisphosphonates or current user of other drugs known to influence bone and lipid metabolism, and current medication for diabetes or hypertension. Consequently, 99 postmenopausal women (61.2 ±± 7.7 years old) and 85 premenopausal women (41.2 ±± 8.6 years old) were selected for this study. The osteo-sono-assessment index (OSI) of the left calcaneal bone was obtained twice at 1-year intervals and the annual percentage change in OSI was calculated. Serum total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine and cytokines such as adipocytokines, interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-αα were measured. Postmenopausal women were grouped into three groups according to their basal cholesterol level, and the relationship between basal cholesterol level and annual change in OSI was studied. Results The annual percentage change in OSI in postmenopausal women with a serum total cholesterol level ≥≥240 mg/dl was significantly higher compared to those with a normal total cholesterol level, suggesting that hypercholesterolemia accelerates postmenopausal bone loss. No significant differences were seen in any of the cytokines that presumably cause bone resorption. Conclusion These results showed that hypercholesterolemia has an inverse effect on bone loss independent of cytokines presumed to mediate bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a patient with pT2bN1M0 small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix who obtained long-term survival with maintenance chemotherapy and literature-based discussion. The patient had conceived on two occasions without giving birth and had smoked for ten years. The patient had received 10 courses of postoperative therapy for the maintenance chemotherapy from May 2007, but showed no recurrent signs after 39 months of observation.

The article discusses the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in ovarian physiology and ovarian cancer. It states that PPARs and its subtypes have been found to be expressed in different tissues and involved in functions such as cell differentiation, lipid storage and modulation of insulin factors. It investigates the relationship between PPAR ligand and ovarian cancer and the basic treatment of ovarian cancer called cytoreductive surgery and postoperative chemotherapy.

The article presents a case study of a 27-year-old female with a recurrent yolk sac tumor as spindle cell sarcoma of the abdominal wall. The patient was referred to the hospital due to suspicion of an ovarian tumor. Pathological examination revealed a germ cell tumor of which yolk sac tumor formed the major component including a small area that appeared to be immature nerve tissue. The article discusses the yolk sac tumor, malignant germ cell tumor and chemoresistant tumor.

Abstract: We present the results of a study of turbulent drag reduction in a small circulating loop using surfactant solutions with excess counterion. In addition, these solutions were used in measurements of heat transfer, both in pipe flow and in an impinging jet. Both frictional drag and heat transfer were reduced in the pipe flow experiments. Measurements of heat transfer in the impinging jet revealed a dependence on the molar concentration ratio of the counterion. When the counterion was added at a molar concentration 30 times higher than that of the surfactant, the resulting surfactant solution did not reduce the rate of heat transfer in the impinging jet. By using this surfactant system in an impinging jet, we show both a reduction in pipe friction and normal heat transfer potential in a circulating heat exchange system. In order to investigate this difference in heat transfer between pipe flows and impinging jet flows, a comparison was made of the wall shear stress between these two flow regimes. The estimated wall shear stress was of the same order in both flows, and thus was not considered to be the primary cause of the difference in heat transfer. It is instead suggested that the micellar structure of the surfactant is influenced by a compressive deformation of the impinging flow in a manner that is different from the shear deformation observed in pipe flow. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives This 2-year study compared 0.5 and 1.0 mg oral estradiol (E2), with or without levonorgestrel (LNG), for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Japanese women. Methods Japanese women with osteoporosis after natural menopause or bilateral oophorectomy were randomized to receive E2 0.5 or 1.0 mg/day with LNG 40 μg as required, or placebo, for 52 weeks. Women treated with E2 in the first year continued therapy at the same doses in the second year. Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics were assessed. Results There were 73 women randomized to E2 0.5 mg, 157 to E2 1.0 mg and 79 to placebo. Lumbar bone mineral density at 52 weeks increased significantly more with E2 1.0 mg ( p < 0.001) and 0.5 mg ( p < 0.001) than with placebo (no change). After 2 years, a 10% increase in bone mineral density with E2 1.0 mg was significantly greater than with E2 0.5 mg (8%; p = 0.008). E2 was associated with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, with slightly more adverse events with E2 1.0 than 0.5 mg. Serum E2 concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion This study showed that E2, at both 1.0 mg and 0.5 mg doses, was effective in increasing bone mineral density with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in Japanese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis but that the bone mineral density response was higher with the 1.0 mg dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the swallowing process are especially important for the development of care foods for dysphagia. However, the effectiveness of experiments on human subjects is somewhat limited due to instrument resolution, stress to the subjects and the risk of aspiration. These problems may be resolved if numerical simulation of swallowing can be used as an alternative investigative tool. On this basis, a numerical model is proposed to simulate the swallowing of a simple jelly bolus. The structure of the pharynx was modeled using a finite element method, and the swallowing movements were defined by pharynx posterior wall shift, laryngeal elevation and epiglottis retroflexion. The rheological characteristics of the jelly were investigated using an oscillatory rheometer and a compression test. A Maxwell three-element model was applied to the rheological model of the jelly. The model constants were obtained from compression tests because the mode of deformation and the stress level of the compression tests were similar to those of the swallowed jelly. The frictional relationship between the organs and the jelly was estimated experimentally from some frictional measurements between the jelly and a wet sloping surface. The results of the simulations for the soft and hard jellies showed different patterns of swallowing that depended on their hardness, and the soft jelly produced faster swallowing because of its flexibility. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The object of this study is to develop a numerical simulation model of swallowing. Numerical modeling is suitable for the quantitative analysis of the swallowing process and may also be expected to enable a systematic study of care foods that are safe and offer some degree of comfort to patients suffering from swallowing disorders. The computer simulation can be used for evaluation without dangerous risks to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the long-term prognosis of borderline ovarian tumours and determined risk factors for recurrence. One hundred and twenty-one borderline ovarian tumours treated between 1994 and 2003 at the participating institutions in the Tohoku Gynecologic Cancer Unit were retrospectively investigated for clinical stage, histopathological subtype, surgical technique, postoperative chemotherapy, the presence or absence of recurrence, and prognosis. The median follow-up period was 57 months (1–126 months). One hundred and nine cases (90.6%) were at clinical stage I. The histopathological subtypes consisted of 91 cases of mucinous tumour (75.2%), 27 cases of serous tumour (22.3%), and three cases of endometrioid tumour. Conservative surgery was used in 53 cases (43.8%), radical surgery in 68 cases (56.2%), a staging laparotomy in 43 cases (35.5%), and postoperative adjuvant therapy in 30 cases (24.8%). Recurrence was found in eight cases, but no tumour-related deaths were reported. Although no significant difference in disease-free survival rate was seen between different clinical stages, the difference in disease-free survival rate between serous and nonserous (mucinous and endometrioid) types was significant (P<0.05). The 10-year disease-free survival rate was 89.1% for the radical surgery group and 57.4% for the conservative surgery group – this difference was significant (P<0.05). In the conservative surgery group, cystectomy and serous tumour were independent risk factors for recurrence. Although recurrence was observed, the long-term prognosis of borderline ovarian tumour was favourable, without tumour-related deaths. Considering the favourable prognosis, conservative surgery can be chosen as far as the patient has a nonserous tumour and receive adnexectomy. However, in cases of serous type and/or receiving cystectomy special care should be given as relative risk rates of recurrence elevate by 2–4-folds.British Journal of Cancer (2006) 94, 1586–1591. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603139 www.bjcancer.com Published online 9 May 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis and development and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) has been implicated in the control of COX-2 expression in some tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate (1) whether expression of COX-2 and PPAR? is associated with ovarian carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian tumours and (2) whether COX-2 expression is controlled through ligand-mediated activation of PPAR? in ovarian carcinoma cells. For this purpose, the presence of COX-2 and PPAR? was immunohistochemically examined in 71 epithelial ovarian carcinomas, 18 borderline tumours and 23 benign tumours and the levels of COX-2 and PPAR? proteins were determined by enzyme immunoassay in four benign tumours, three borderline tumours and 12 carcinomas. The frequency of COX-2 and PPAR? detection was significantly increased and decreased as lesions progressed to carcinoma, respectively. The COX-2 protein was not detected in the three borderline tumours, whereas PPAR? protein was detected in all of them. COX-2 protein was detected in eight of the 12 carcinomas, whereas PPAR? protein was detected in only two cases. In addition, PPAR? protein was not detected in all of the eight carcinomas in which COX-2 protein was detected, suggesting that expression of PPAR? and COX-2 was in a reciprocal relationship. Furthermore, in cultured ovarian carcinoma cells, Western blot revealed that PPAR? and COX-2 expression was regulated conversely as a result of stimulation by 15-deoxy-?12, 14 PGJ2 (15-PGJ2), a PPAR? activator. In addition, 15d-PGJ2 suppressed tumour necrosis factor-a-induced-COX-2 expression, confirming the reciprocal correlation between COX-2 and PPAR?. From these results, it was suggested that PPAR? activation might suppress COX-2 expression via the nuclear factor-?B pathway in the ovarian carcinoma cells and that low expression of PPAR? and high expression of COX-2 might be involved in carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian tumours.British Journal of Cancer (2004) 91, 633-638. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602009 www.bjcancer.com Published online 13 July 2004 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinoma cells can lose their epithelial cell characteristics and dedifferentiate into a fibroblast-like cell during progression of a neoplasm. Aberrant expression of oligomeric transcriptional complexes contributes to progression of carcinomas. Although individual transcription factors initiating progression remain unknown, LIM-only protein (LMO) and LIM-domain binding protein (LDB) negatively regulate breast carcinoma cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated the expression of LMO4 and LDB in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. LMO4 mRNA was amplified in four of six carcinoma tissues and eight of 12 carcinoma cell lines, and LDB1 in three carcinoma tissues and 11 cell lines examined. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that LMO4 and LDB1 interact with each other in the nuclear milieu of the carcinoma cells indicating the presence of an LMO4-LDB1-mediated transcription complex. Both LMO4 and LDB1 proteins were preferentially localised in the nuclei of carcinoma cells at the invasive front and the immunoreactivity was increased in less-differentiated carcinoma tissues (P<0.01). Carcinoma cells metastasised to the cervical lymph nodes with increased immunoreactivity compared to the primary site of neoplasm (P<0.05). These data suggest that the LMO4-LDB1 complexes may be involved in carcinoma progression possibly through dedifferentiation of squamous carcinoma cells of the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D and their receptor VEGFR-3 by immunohistochemistry in 59 epithelial ovarian carcinomas, 11 borderline tumours and 20 benign cystadenomas. VEGF-C and VEGF-D were generally expressed in tumour cells and also in endothelia adjacent to tumour nests which showed a strong staining for them. VEGFR-3 was expressed in lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells adjacent to tumour nests. Immunoreactivity was significantly more frequent as lesions progressed from a benign tumour to advanced carcinoma. A strong correlation was found between VEGF-C and VEGF-D detected in carcinoma and VEGFR-3 detected in neighbouring endothelial cells. Increased expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis. There was a significant correlation between the high levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D proteins, and poor survival. The presence of VEGF-D was an independent prognostic indicator by multivariate analysis. We conclude that VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 play an important role in lymphatic spread and intraperitoneal tumour development in ovarian carcinoma. Since VEGF-D was found to be an independent predictor of poor outcome, its measurement, together with other prognostic markers may improve prospective identification of patients with a poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the relative expression of oestrogen receptor (ER)α and oestrogen receptor (ER)β mRNAs in 36 human endo-metrial cancers using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To determine whether or not the expression of ER subtypes in endometrial cancers is associated with clinicopathological parameters, we examined correlations between ER subtypes and age, tumour grade and depth of myometrial invasion. Using multiple regression analysis, myometrial invasion showed a significant correlation with ER-β: ER-α ratio (r = 0.54,P = 0.0007). The ER-β:ER-α ratio was high in advanced invasive carcinoma. Western blotting analysis showed that ER-β proteins were highly expressed in comparison with ER-α proteins in endometrial cancer with severe myometrial invasion. Our results suggest that ER-β is important in the progression of myometrial invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal intensity of exercise necessary to prevent the postmenopausal bone loss on the basis of anaerobic threshold (AT). Thirty-three postmenopausal women were randomized to control (group C: n = 12) or two exercise groups (group H and group M). All women performed a treadmill exercise test, and the AT was measured by expired gas analysis. The exercise regimen consisted mainly of walking at a speed that kept the exercise heart rate above the AT (group H: n = 12) or below the AT (group M: n = 9). Exercise was performed for 30 minutes, three times a week for 7 months. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD level in group C decreased by 1.7 +/- 2.7%, but there was a significant increase of 1.1 +/- 2.9% in group H. In group M there was a decrease of 1.0 +/- 3.1% which did not differ from group C. In group C, serum osteocalcin and urinary hydroxyproline excretion were significantly increased, but no changes were seen in either of the exercise groups. Urinary calcium significantly decreased in the exercise groups. We conclude that short-term (7 months) exercise with intensity above the AT is safe and effective in preventing postmenopausal bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the study the examines the importance of interval of ovarian cancer screening using transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in detecting early stage disease. It shows that one patient who undergone screening using TVS had risk factors (RF) for ovarian cancer such as obesity and a familal history of ovarian cancer in a first degree relative. It suggests that women with any high RF for ovarian cancer should be screened every six months.

Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after orchidectomy and after hormone replacement therapy were reported in two patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Diagnosis of AIS was made by clinical features and confirmed by the presence of 46,XY karyotype and the presence of testis component in the removed gonads. BMD at the lumbar spine and at three sites of the femur was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Z scores of the lumbar spine BMD before orchidectomy were -0.8 and -3.1, confirming that patients with AIS have low BMD and that androgen plays an important role in bone mineralization in 46,XY individuals. Castration reduced BMD, but treatment with daily doses of 1.25 mg of conjugated oestrogen and 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate increased BMD. These results indicate that both oestrogen and androgen play an important role in balancing BMD in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after orchidectomy and after hormone replacement therapy were reported in two patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Diagnosis of AIS was made by clinical features and confirmed by the presence of 46,XY karyotype and the presence of testis component in the removed gonads. BMD at the lumbar spine and at three sites of the femur was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Z scores of the lumbar spine BMD before orchidectomy were -0.8 and -3.1, confirming that patients with AIS have low BMD and that androgen plays an important role in bone mineralization in 46,XY individuals. Castration reduced BMD, but treatment with daily doses of 1.25 mg or conjugated oestrogen and 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate increased BMD. These results indicate that both oestrogen and androgen play an important role in balancing BMD in men. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a case study regarding a 27-year-old pregnant woman with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The woman had genetic variants of butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE). It has been found that low BCHE levels and IBD are caused due to different factors. Chromosome 3 can cause BCHE gene abnormality and IBD. There is a close relationship between the BCHE gene mutations and IBD.

An abstract of the conference paper "Ultrasonographical measurement of obstetric conjugate length," by T. Ozaki and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the conference paper "A case of complex ocular choristomas with abnormal prenatal ultrasonographical findings," by A. Fukuyama and colleagues is presented.