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The heterogeneity of BPA distribution in the tumor tissues suggests the possibility of tumor recurrence for patients because the area with a lower penetration of BPA might receive an insufficient dose for killing tumor cells in BNCT. In addition, the BPA biodistribution image obtained in the present study showed that BPA accumulates evenly in the deep part of the brain tumor, rather than a biased BPA biodistribution due to diffusion from CSF. In our study, we examined the BPA biodistribution in rat brain after BPA infusion via CSF circulation to demonstrate the usefulness of the CSF administration method for brain tumors. We obtained evidence that BPA arrives directly into the brain parenchyma with CSF microcirculation through perivascular spaces by creating images of BPA penetration into the brain parenchyma following administration via CSF. [Extracted from the article]

We studied 27 cases that were post or prenatally diagnosed with body stalk anomaly (BSA) using medical records of prenatal ultrasound findings, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal/neonatal prognosis during 1992 to 2018. Termination of pregnancy was chosen in 15 cases. Of the remaining 12 cases, seven were stillbirths and five were live births. Of seven stillbirths, intrauterine fetal demise occurred before onset of labor in four cases at 17 to 20th weeks of pregnancy. Pregnancy was continued in eight cases. Median gestational age of delivery was 33rd weeks of pregnancy. Median birth weight was 1198 g (range:482‐1914 g). Vaginal delivery was chosen in six and caesarean delivery in two cases. Among six vaginally delivered cases, three (50%) fetuses were stillborn. All five live born neonates died within a few hours (16‐133 minutes). Eighteen cases were confirmed as BSA postnatally by placental examination or autopsy at our hospital. Main prenatal ultrasonographic findings of them were abdominal wall defect (100%), absence of the umbilical cord (72%), abnormal spine (61%), and abnormal legs (50%). The most characteristic prenatal ultrasonography findings of BSA were the absence of free umbilical cord in the amniotic cavity and the presence of abdominal organs into the extraembryonic celom through abdominal wall defects. The autopsy showed severe pulmonary hypoplasia with the median lung/body weight ratio of 0.61% (range:0.34‐0.85%). There were no cases of maternal morbidities. Our study provides important information about the pregnancy outcome and the fetal/neonatal outcome of BSA cases for the parents whose fetuses are diagnosed with BSA prenatally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]