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The purpose of this research was described to gain comprehensive insight into Project Based Learning (PjBL) in science learning and find out the research topics that are being researched a lot at the moment. This research was carried out through bibliometric analysis using Scopus data sources, a total of 182 documents were obtained in the period 1994-2022. VOSviewer is used as a tool to image keywords, and the final research area in PjBL. The research results show that so far the number of publications regarding PjBL in science learning has fluctuated. The United States stands out as the leading country in terms of publication volume, with significant contributions from its authors and research institutions. An analysis of keywords indicates that, in the past two years, research on Project Based Learning has predominantly focused on topics such as physics, steam, integration, research methods, and junior high school education. This suggested bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the primary topics explored in the realm of Project Based Learning (PjBL) within the context of Science Learning.

Despite the extensive research conducted on the antimony borate glasses, further investigation is required to explore their structural characteristics when Sb2O3 replaces B2O3 in the presence of rare-earth metal oxide. Herein, the structure and properties of xSb2O3·(99-x)B2O3·1Tb4O7 (30 ≤ x ≤ 70 mol%) were investigated. The infrared (IR) spectra exhibited that there is a remarkable increase in the relative area of the absorption 800–1200 cm−1 region. This is associated with nearly constant density values, despite the heavier Sb2O3 replacing the lighter B2O3. While the molar volume is decreased with the Sb2O3 content, the oxygen packing density is decreased. These findings are related to the structural units belonging to Sb2O3. The type of these units depends on the oxidation of Sb3+ into Sb5+ through the supply of oxygen atoms from the surroundings at high melting temperatures. While Sb3+ acts as a glass network former ion through the formation of [SbO3E] and/or [SbO4E−] (where E is the 5s2 lone-pair of electrons), Sb5+ acts as a modifier ion to convert [SbO3E] into [SbO4E−] units through the formation of [SbO6], similarly to the conversion of [BO3] into [BO4̅] in B2O3 glasses. These structural units are likely contributing to the FTIR absorption 800–1200 cm−1 region, such that its relative area is considered to be the sum of the four-coordinated B atoms [BO4−] (N4) and four-coordinated Sb atoms [SbO4E−] (Sb4). These negative units compensate for the positive terbium ions (Tb3+), thus generating single-doped green phosphor for light-emitting-diode (LED) applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the useless municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes, CeO2, Gd2O3 and CeO2 + Gd2O3 doped borosilicate glasses were organized via melting-quenching procedure. Various optical, structural, physical and radiation shielding parameters were examined towards the influence of 100 kGy of γ-radiation. UV–visible NIR spectra revealed UV peaks at 351, 348 and 370 nm corresponding to the trivalent states of Ce3+ and Gd3+ ions, while, photoluminescence (PL) spectra displayed asymmetric broad excitations of Ce3+ and Gd3+ ions due to 4f → 5d transitions, and emission intense bands at 412, 434, and 417 nm. CIE chromaticity shows that Gd3+ ions increase the luminescence of Ce3+. FTIR absorption bands revealed an overlapping between tetrahedral groups of silicate (SiO4), with trigonal (BO3) and tetrahedral (BO4) units of borate. The influence of 100 kGy obtains quite reduction in UV–visible NIR and PL peaks, large stability in FTIR and ESR spectra, and stability of thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) as well. The whole data revealed optical, structural and physical stability of glasses after irradiation besides an enhancement in microhardness owing to more structural compactness and high bonding connectivity. Radiation shielding parameters from Phy-X/PSD program showed higher values of mass (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), and effective atomic number (Zeff) in the order of; glass Ce+Gd > glass Ce > glass Gd. Ce + Gd doped glass revealed also the lowest half value layer (HVL) comparing to other shielding commercial concretes. The study recommends the beneficial and economical use of the useless MSW ash to produce CeO2 and/or Gd2O3 borosilicate glasses with hopeful radiation shielding features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Kependidikan is the property of UIN Saizu Purwokerto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The melt-quenching method was used to manufacture newly synthesized glasses with a nominal composition of 60B2O3 – 20CaO – 15ZnO – 5Li2O – xEu2O3: 0 (Eu-0.0) ≤ x ≤ 0.5 (Eu-0.5) mol%. The structural, physical, FTIR, UV–visible spectra, and mechanical properties of the synthesized Eu-x glasses are examined. XRD results verified the amorphous condition of proposed glasses. The density (ρ) of the prepared glasses increased from 3.231 to 3.338 g cm−3, but in contrast, the molar volume (VM) decreased from 20.643 to 20.506 cm3 mol−1 with increasing Eu3+ ions. FTIR spectroscopy illustrated absorbance peaks appear around 393 and 464 nm, which indicates the presence of electronic states in the wide band gap of glass matrix. These peaks are attributed to the 5L6 and 5D2 electronic states of Eu3+ ions. UV–visible measurements showed an improvement in optical absorbance and a decrease in optical energy gap. The Eu3+ ions mol% doping into the proposed glasses results in generating photoluminescence glasses, which is attributed to the 5D0 → 7F1, 5D0 → 7F2, 5D0 → 7F3, and 5D0 → 7F4 electronic transitions of Eu3+ ions. Thus, the emission spectra due to the 393 nm excitation results in the appearance of emission peaks at 593 (orange), 617 (strong red), 653 (red), and 698 (red) nm. The Poisson's ratio (σ) of Eu-x glasses is decreased from 0.3927 to 0.3903 as the molar fraction of Eu3+ ions is increased from 0.0 to 0.5 mol%. The thermodynamic properties of the glassy network are hidden in the Gibbs free energy (G) which started at 33.56 and ended at 33.72 kJ.cm−3 at low and high Eu3+ ions content mol%. Furthermore, all elastic moduli increased linearly with molar increment of Eu3+ ions in the molecular structure of the proposed glassy network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical condition that impacts a significant portion of the population. To better understand this condition, research has been conducted on inhaling and exhaling breathing airflow parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach and an SST turbulence model have been utilized to simulate the upper airway airflow. A 3D airway model has been created using advanced software such as the Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) and ANSYS. The aim of the research was to fill this gap by conducting a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to investigate the influence of cross-sectional areas on airflow characteristics during inhale and exhale breathing in OSA patients. The lack of detailed understanding of how the cross-sectional area of the airways affects OSA patients and the airflow dynamics in the upper airway is the primary problem addressed by this research. The simulations revealed that the cross-sectional area of the airway has a notable impact on velocity, Reynolds number, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). TKE, which measures turbulence flow in different breathing scenarios among patients, could potentially be utilized to assess the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This research found a vital correlation between maximum pharyngeal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and cross-sectional areas in OSA patients, with a variance of 29.47%. Reduced cross-sectional area may result in a significant TKE rise of roughly 10.28% during inspiration and 10.18% during expiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Kependidikan is the property of UIN Saizu Purwokerto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Kependidikan is the property of UIN Saizu Purwokerto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inclusive-based Islamic religious education is an innovative and strategic approach to preventing religious radicalism. Inclusive Islamic religious education is also a form of Islamic education reform that emphasizes anti-discrimination, tolerance and mutual respect. This study aims to determine inclusive-based Islamic religious education in preventing religious radicalism in Indonesia. A qualitative method with the type of library research, examines a variety of related data, originating from the main data sources as well as supporting data sources that have a direct link with the research. The data obtained were then analyzed by conducting content analysis. The results of this study are in the form of findings relating to the implementation of inclusive-based Islamic religious education in preventing religious radicalism, namely it is found that (a) the goals of religious education are ideological-absolutistic or oriented towards pluralist-inclusive (b) the curriculum of religious education is more oriented towards rigid laws and exclusive into a loveoriented curriculum that is inclusive (c) normative-textual material becomes normative-contextual (d) exclusive-doctrinaire educators become inclusive-moderate educators (tawasuth). (e) The textualistscriptura list learning strategy becomes an objective-positive approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on Adaptive Physical Education (APE) has been carried out in many countries, but most has been performed in the United States. The topics studied in APE are very diverse and are aimed at various subjects, such as students, athletes, and others. Although many studies have been carried out, no literature review on APE has been published. It is necessary to map to provide an overview of APE research for future researchers. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze research on the topic of APE. Through this bibliometric analysis, we aimed to map Adaptive Physical Education (APE) research. Visualization of the obtained data was analyzed using the VOS Viewer program. Based on the keyword document analysis collected from the Scopus database with the keywords "physical education adaptive" OR "sport adaptive" OR "adaptive physical education," 107 documents were obtained. Then, the limitations were carried out with document type article and conference paper, source type "journal" & "conference proceeding," and language "English"; then, there were 34 documents. APE publications have increased periodically, starting from 2019 to 2021. The Journal of Physical Education and Sport is a Q2 journal that publishes many articles on APE. The United States is a productive country that has published considerably in the field of APE. Grygus is a productive researcher who has published considerably on the topic. Based on network analysis, five clusters were obtained on APE. Through overlay visualization, APE has been often connected with special education topics, adaptive sports, exercise, and clinical articles in the last two years. The findings showed that research on APE is still limited and is predicted to grow in the coming year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Kependidikan is the property of UIN Saizu Purwokerto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The primary features of Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) are characterized by retinal degeneration, central obesity, post-axial polydactyly, intellectual impairment, hypogonadism, and renal anomalies. The secondary clinical features are syndactyly, delay in the achievement of developmental milestones, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, congenital heart disease and liver involvement. It is diagnosed when a patient has either four primary or three primary and two secondary clinical features and the management depends upon those predominant features. Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy presented with polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. His developmental milestones were delayed and had syndromic features on physical exmination. Ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis showed mild right-side hydronephrosis. His BMI was 28 and HbA1c was 18.3%, and values of LH and FSH were decreased. As a result, he was diagnosed with a case of BBS. He was commenced on insulin therapy with Insulin Regular (Human Insulin)and Insulin NPH (Human Insulin). Conclusion: Patients presenting with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia along with the presence of syndromic features, should be assessed for BBS as osmotic symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus can be initial clinical presentation of BBS. Its management depends upon the signs and symptoms of the patient. Various options including weight loss, exercise, oral hypoglycemic drugs, and insulin are available to treat diabetes mellitus in BBS. Some cases can have very high levels of HbA1c on initial presentation, which may require insulin without trying oral hypoglycemic drugs to treat diabetes mellitus in BBS.

In this work (Ag2O/BiVO4) binary and (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3) ternary heterojunction photo-catalysts have been synthesized through a hydrothermal technique for the purpose of photocatalytic degradation of hazardous dyes. The facile synthesized composites of (Ag2O/BiVO4) and (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3)have been prepared using a hydrothermal process. The synthesized composites used to degrade the Methylene blue and Congo-red dyes under sunlight. The X-ray diffraction confirms the crystalline structure of synthesized composites. The calculated crystalline sizes for (Ag2O/BiVO4) and (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3) are 9.9 nm and 2.84 nm respectively. The morphology of samples has been analyzed by SEM while the absorption spectrum and bonding of molecules were observed using FTIR in the range of 600–4000 cm−1. The elemental percentage of synthesized material is determined by using EDX spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy used to study optical properties. Using Tauc plot calculated band gap of (Ag2O/BiVO4)is 1.84 eV and (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3) is 1.65 eV. The degradation efficiency of composites(Ag2O/BiVO4) (Ag2O/BiVO4/Eu2O3) towards a dye MB is 38% and 41% respectively, while these composites were found to degrade the dye CR 82% and 99%respectively in the exposure of sunlight. Both synthesized composites showed excellent %age degradation toward acidic dye (CR). The outcomes of synthesized composites indicates that suitable optical absorption, better segregation of charge carries and reduction of electron-hole recombination these factor effectively contribute to enhance photocatalytic activity towards acidic dye CR.

Background: Hypertension, the ‘silent killer’, is the cause of high mortality and is one of the major health problems worldwide. This study aimed to determine the frequency of hypertension and its predictors in a squatter settlement in Karachi. Methods: A cross-sectional study (n=212) was conducted at the Family Medicine Clinic, Karachi. The participants aged 18 to 65 years, from Jan 1st to 30th June 2020 were recruited. Thorough examination (including blood pressure, weight, and height) and interviews of the participants were done regarding lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, personal and family history of cardiovascular diseases, or other chronic illnesses. The Chi-square test was used to identify the association of the risk factors with hypertension and a p-value

Abstract Aim To describe the protocol of a feasibility trial designed to test the preliminary effect of a 12‐week culturally appropriate physical activity programme on metabolic syndrome markers and quality of life in Ghanaian adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Design Feasibility randomised controlled trial. Methods Through random allocation, 90 adults with T2DM will be allocated to either the control group (CG) (n = 45) or the intervention group (IG) (n = 45). The IG will receive the physical activity programme in addition to their usual diabetes care; those in the CG will receive their usual diabetes care. Measurements will be performed at baseline and 12‐week follow‐up. The primary outcome is a change in metabolic syndrome markers in the IG compared to the CG. Secondary outcomes are: (a) a change in quality of life in the IG compared to the CG, (b) the feasibility of implementation. Results Findings will inform the design of a future large‐scale trial. Patient or Public Contribution Patients with T2DM and their healthcare professionals contributed to this study protocol by participating in semi‐structured interviews towards the design of the physical activity programme. Clinical Trial Registration Number The trial is registered in the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ACTRN12622000323729p).

This article provides an extensive bibliometric literature review on dynamic fluid in learning. This study aims to analyze research trends related to dynamic fluid in learning topics in 2019-2023 through bibliometric analysis with the Scopus database. Based on the criteria obtained, 327 articles were obtained from 1598 documents. The articles have already been analyzed from the journal and conference proceedings indexed in Scopus. Dynamic fluid research trends in learning are also reviewed based on the number of articles published each year, sources of publication (both journals and proceedings), the most productive countries, the most productive authors based on the number of documents, and co-occurrences using VOSviewer. The results show that the dynamics of learning are increasing every year. JPCS has published the most dynamic fluid articles in learning. The United States, as the most productive country, researches this topic. In addition, most of the prolific authors come from the US. A visualization of dynamic fluid research trends in learning using VOSviewer software obtained five clusters. The results of this study provide direction for further research on fluid dynamics in learning.

Six specimens of glasses with formula (70 − x)B2O3/15Li2O/15ZnO/xY2O3: x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mol%) have been synthesized via a conventional melt quenching technique. The produced specimens were named as BLZY0.0–BLZY2.5 according to x values. The physical, ultrasonic longitudinal (VL) and shear (VS) velocities, FTIR, and dielectric (50 Hz to 5 MHz) characteristics of the prepared glasses have been examined. With increasing content of Y2O3 from 0.0 to 2.5 mol%, the density (ρ) of the system increases linearly from 2512 ± 11 to 2695 ± 14 kg/m3, while the molar volume (VM) decreases linearly from 2.6 ± 0.011 to 2.57 ± 0.013 × 10−5 m3/mol. The oxygen packing density (OPD) as a number of the oxygen per unit composition in the glass sample is describing the packing tightness of the oxide network and thoroughly the compactness of the glass matrix. Values of the average boron–boron separation (dB–B) decrease from 4.162 to 4.035 × 10−10 (m) with 0 to 2.5 mol% Y2O3. Increasing formation of Y3+ ionic bonds with [BO4/2]1− may have an effect of lowering bond strength of B–O and thus shifting the absorption IR peak position. By increasing Y2O3 content in the investigated samples, the (VL) and (VS) increase linearly for the full-studied compositional range. The increasing number of strengthened bonds due to change coordination of B ions from 3 to 4 due to the increasing field strength of inserted accumulated Y3+ ions has the incentive impact to higher mechanical properties. The dielectric constant was decreased for Y2O3 content up to 1.5 mol% referring to cross-linkage formation with other elements, while the reduction in porosity at high content of Y2O3 is the main responsible for gradual enhancement in dielectric constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the Learning Process of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Based on Character Education in Islamic High School of Andalusia Kebasen (2) Knowing the Islamic Character of Students Formed After Following the Learning of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Based on Character Education at Islamic High School of Andalusia Kebasen (3) Knowing the Supporting Factors and Inhibiting Factors of Learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Based on Character Education in Islamic High School Al- Yusufiyah Bukateja. This research is a field research (field research) and uses a qualitative approach, data is conducted using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects in this study were the Principal of the Islamic High School of Andalusia Kebasen, the Teacher of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and female students of class XII TKJ of SMK Islam Al-Yusufiyah Bukateja. The object of this research is learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Education. While the data filling method is done by data reduction, data presentation (data presentation) and drawing conclusions (drawing conclusions). Research findings found that: (1). the learning activities of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) based on character education at SMK Islam Al- Yusufiyah Bukateja are carried out in three stages, namely the learning planning stage, the learning implementation stage and the learning evaluation stage. (2). The character values formed in students include religious characters, one of which is illustrated by his devotion to the boarding school caregiver. Nationalist character, one of which is reflected in the social care attitude towards fellow. Integrity characters, one of whice is reflected through the attitude of responsibility for their duties and obligations. Independence character, on of which is reflected through an attitude of independence, not depending on other people and the character of mutual cooperation, on of which is reflected through an attitude of cooperation and mutual assistance to one another. (3). The supporting factors for character education-based Islamic Education (PAI) at SMK Islam Al-Yusufiyah Bukateja include environment, motivation, harmonious communication between parties, exemplary parents, teachers and the surrounding community. While the inhibiting factor for character education-based Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMK Islam Al-Yusufiyah Bukateja is the lack of discipline of students towards learning time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSETo highlight challenges and cancer care disparities in patients of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma management in resource-constrained settings.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis multicenter retrospective study included 738 patients from 12 public and private sector hematology-oncology centers across Pakistan. Patients were divided into limited-resource and enhanced-resource settings as per national diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) guidelines.RESULTSThe median age at diagnosis was 47 years (range, 14-89). Male:female ratio was 2.5:1. Majority of the patients (69.3%) were treated in limited-resource settings. Computed tomography was used as a staging modality in 442 (60%) patients. Limited-stage DLBCL was present in 13.5% of patients, while 86.3% had advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. First-line regimens included rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone in 56% and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone in 34% of patients, while 10% of patients received palliative regimens upfront. Of evaluable data, complete remission was documented in 299 (74.4%) patients, 39 (9.8%) had partial response and 63 (13.5%) had progressive disease. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) status were not available for 345 (46.8%) patients at the time of data collection. Overall study cohort had a median follow-up of 2.2 years with a median OS of 3.6 years (95% CI, 3.1 to 4.1), median DFS of 3.1 years (95% CI, 2.6 to 3.6), and a 5-year OS of 40% and DFS of 36%.CONCLUSIONPatients from low- and middle-income countries present at an earlier age and have more advanced disease. Patients were frequently lost to follow-up, and record keeping was inadequate more so in patients treated in limited-resource settings. There is a need to establish a national lymphoma registry, improve record keeping, and standardize treatments to ensure improvement in treatment outcomes.

Purpose: This research explores the emerging role of Community Learning Centers as a vehicle of change in Australia, as a best practice model. This study was a part of research thesis for the development of a model of community learning center in Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: Furthermore, this study was qualitative and based on document review. For this purpose, World Bank WBI Evaluation process was followed to conclude the findings. In this research, ten reports and official documents were retrieved from 1st October 2023 to 31st January 2024. Moreover, priori framework was used for thematic analysis. Findings: The major themes were: background, organization, program implementation, impact and challenges. The findings elaborated the legislative support, policy safeguards and quality measures of AQF and ASQA for 2500 registered training organizations of community learning in all eight states and territories. It includes public and not-for-profit facilities with aim of personal enrichment, adult basic education, accredited and non-accredited vocational education. These facilities were providing seamless transition from non-formal education to formal education as well as increasing employability and productivity of remote, rural and high equity groups. Implications/Originality/Value: This insight will provide guidelines for policy, structure and implementation in Pakistan in the long run.

Objective: to compare pre-operative prophylactic antibiotics with no antibiotics for removing an impacted mandibular third molar tooth to avoid Infection. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Ayyub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan from Jan 2018 to June 2018 Methodology: Two hundred four study participants were divided into two groups: those with their third mandibular molar teeth impacted and those without. One Group was given an antibiotic before surgery; the other received a placebo. Both groups were followed after surgery and were observed for the development of post-operative Infection. Results: There were 204 participants in our study whose age group ranged from 17-30 years, (mean age 23.89±2.39 years). Of 204 individuals, 182(89.2%) were treated well, whereas 22 individuals were diagnosed with Infection (10.8%). 18 individuals (17.6%) developed Infection in the Placebo Group, whereas 4(3.9%) patients developed infection in the Antibiotic Group. Conclusion: The frequency of post-operative infections is reduced in individuals with an impacted third mandibular molar tooth who are given antibiotics before surgery.

In the industrial sector, productive and effective treatment of toxic dye-based color pollutants is a key issue. Lanthanum and neodymium substituted cobalt–strontium (Co–Sr) spinel ferrite (Co0.5Sr0.5RExFe2-xO4, x = 0.00 and 0.06) catalysts were synthesized and used to degrade Congo red and rhodamine B dyes from an aqueous solution mixture in this study. For this specific purpose, RE3+ ions substituted Co–Sr spinel ferrite nanoparticles with photocatalytic degradation ability were prepared through sol–gel method. The degradation of CR and RhB in recently synthesized nanoferrites was also examined. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the prepared samples. The optical band gap values of synthesized spinel ferrites were examined with the help of Tauc plots by using UV-visible absorption. It was determined that the energy bandgap ranged from 2.91 to 2.52 eV. For Co0.5Sr0.5Fe2O4, Co0.5Sr0.5La0.06Fe1.94O4, and Co0.5Sr0.5Nd0.06Fe1.94O4 nanoferrites, the rates of CR and RhB dye degradation were 73–90% and 45–85%, respectively, at pH 5–7. The kinetics models successfully described the degradation reaction as pseudo-first-order kinetics. It was, therefore, concluded that the prepared samples can be used as effective photocatalysts in order to eliminate hazardous pollutants present in wastewater. HIGHLIGHTS Rare-earth ion substitution spinel ferrite.; Ferrite for degradation of dyes.; Suitable band gap for photocatalytic purpose.;

Objective: To compare the effects of muscle energy techniques, facet joint mobilisation and conventional physical therapy on pain, disability, cervical lordosis and range of motion in patients with chronic neck pain. Method: The parallel-design randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department of the Heavy Industries Taxila Hospital, Taxila Cantt, Pakistan, from December 2020 to May 2021, and comprised patients of either gender aged 35-50 years who had chronic neck pain, recurrent neck pain, and cervical spine curve. The participants were randomised into muscle energy techniques group A, facet joint mobilisation group B and conventional physical therapy group C. The outcome measures were cervical lordosis, pain intensity, neck disability index and cervical range of motions. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 115 patients initially assessed, 105(91.3%) were included; 67(63.8%) females and 38(36.2%) males. There were 35(33.3%) subjects in group A with mean age 40.09± 4.29 years, 35(33.3%) in group B with mean age 40.14±4.57 years and 35(33.3%) in group C with men age 39.26±5.19 years. There were no significant differences among the groups at baseline in terms of mean age, weight, height, body mass index, neck disability index, cervical lordosis and range of motion (p>0.05). Of the total, 6(5.7%) were lost to follow-up and the study was completed by 99(94.3%) subjects. Outcome variables in group A were superior to those in groups B and C with respect to flexion, rotation and side-bending (p0.05). Conclusion: Muscle energy techniques and facet joint mobilisation showed significant improvement in neck pain, disability and cervical range of motions compared to conventional physical therapy. Muscle energy techniques and facet joint mobilisation produced similar outcomes with respect to pain intensity and functional disability. Clinical Trial Number: The study was prospectively registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05040477). Key Words: Cervical lordosis, Facet joint, Mobilisation, Muscle energy techniques, Neck pain.

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore fluctuations in fatty acids and phenolic profiles of olive oil extracted from fruits of Olea ferruginea Royle harvested at green raw and purple ripe stages from the district Zhob, Balochistan, Pakistan. First, fruit sampling was conducted on 26th June when green olives appeared on trees; second, purple ripe olives were picked on 26th August. Due to very small size and large pit size, oil is extracted without de-pitting the fruit. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) system was used for fatty acid and phenolic profiling of both oil samples. Results showed that fatty acid composition of oil extracted from raw green and ripe purple olives falls in the normal range set for purity criteria for olive oils and olive pomace oils by International Olive Council 2019 except for behenic, caprylic, capric and lauric in both oils and oleic acid and linoleic acid of oil extracted from raw green olives which do fall in standard ranges. Fatty acid composition of the olive oil showed that the oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (range 50.71% in oil of green olives and 58.77% in oil of ripe purple olives), polyunsaturated fatty acids (range 30.45% in oil of raw green olives and 19.32% in oil of ripe purple olives) and saturated fatty acids (range 15.27–18.58% in olive oil obtained from raw green and ripe purple olives). SFAs showed least variation with ripening stages. There was high concentration of total phenolics in oil obtained from green raw olives (33.41 mg kg−1) as compared to oil of ripe purple olives (18.49 mg kg−1). The present study revealed that alpha, beta, gamma and delta tocopherols showed a uniform trend along with ripening of olive fruit, i.e. there is a clear decline in total tocopherol content of olive oil obtained from ripe purple olives. Green raw olives showed high values of α-tocopherol (192.47 mg kg−1), β + γ-tocopherols (233.65 mg kg−1) and δ-tocopherol (1087.48 mg kg−1). The present work concludes that ripening of olive fruit affects chemical composition of olive oil.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of muscle energy techniques (post isometrics relaxation) and Kaltenborn mobilizations on shoulder range of motion (ROM) in adhesive capsulitis. Methodology: A randomized Control Trial (CRT) was conducted on patients with adhesive capsulitis for 6 months September 2021 to February 2022. Data was collected through a convenient sampling technique. 30 patients were taken from the physiotherapy department of the holy family hospital, Rawalpindi. The sample size was calculated using the Open Epi Tool. Data was collected by using Universal Goniometer at baseline, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks of treatment. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and gave consent were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A & Group B. Group A received muscle energy technique and Group B received grade II & III Kaltenborn mobilizations. Results: Data was analysed using SPSS software version 22. Both groups showed improvements in shoulder range of motion but Group A showed a statistically significant difference (p

This study entitled "Analysis of Student Learning Interest in Physics in Force Material" aims to measure and determine the level of student interest in physics at SMA Negeri 11 Muaro Jambi. The method used by the researcher is a method in the form of a quantitative descriptive method with an instrument in the form of a student interest questionnaire. The population of this study were students in class X with a total of 32 students, students in class XI with a total of 33 students, and students in class XII with a total of 23 students. The sample technique used in this study is the total sampling technique. Researchers used a total sampling technique because the total population did not reach 100 students, so researchers used all students of class X, XII, and XII IPA 1, totaling 88 students as samples in this study. After the questionnaire was given to students and then calculated using Microsoft Excel, the results were obtained, then they were made into 4 categories with the final results in percent form and a bar chart was made. Based on the results that have been calculated, it is obtained that the level of student interest in physics class X IPA is in the good category which can be seen from Table 1 that as many as 46,8% of students have a high interest in physics subjects. Furthermore, students' interest in learning physics in class XI and XII IPA is in the low category which can be seen from Table 2 and Table 3 that 48,4% and 47,8% of students have a low interest in physics. In addition, students also do not understand the concept of force, classification of force and examples of force.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of amenorrhea and infertility among women. Objective: The study evaluated the efficacy of metformin in obese versus non-obese women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at a tertiary care center between March 2018 to December 2021. All patients who presented with chronic anovulation with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound were included in the study. Women with hyperprolactinemia, pregnancy, or lactation were excluded. Non-obese participants were labeled as “Group A” while obese were labeled as “Group B”. Metformin therapy was initiated at an oral dose of 500 mg per day for the first week, followed by two times a day for another week. Ovulation and menstrual regularity were documented after six months of treatment. Metformin was considered effective if menstrual cycles were normalized and ovulation was achieved. Results: The efficacy of metformin was 83.15% in non-obese women while in obese women it was only 53.65% (p