Search

microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are candidates for non-invasive biomarkers. Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) has been approved for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy. However, the response to L-OHP differs among CRC patients. In addition, CRC cells often acquire the resistance to L-OHP. This study aimed at the prediction of L-OHP sensitivity by measuring extracellular miRNAs levels. Firstly, we compared intracellular miRNAs expressions in L-OHP-sensitive CRC cells (SW620 and HCT116 cells) with those in acquired and intrinsic L-OHP-resistant cells. In microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses, the intracellular miR-33a-5p, miR-210–3p, and miR-224–5p expressions were lower in acquired and intrinsic L-OHP-resistant CRC cells than sensitive cells. Furthermore, in SW620 cells, L-OHP sensitivity was decreased by miR-33a-5p inhibitor. On the other hand, miR-210–3p or miR-224–5p inhibitor did not affect L-OHP sensitivity in SW620 cells. Secondly, the amount of miR-33a-5p, miR-210–3p, and miR-224–5p in sEVs was compared. The amount of miR-33a-5p and miR-210–3p in sEVs secreted from acquired and intrinsic L-OHP-resistant cells tended to be small. miR-224–5p was not detected in sEVs secreted from three types of CRC cells examined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that miR-33a-5p and/or miR-210–3p in sEVs would be candidates for biomarkers of L-OHP sensitivity. In particular, miR-33a-5p is a promising candidate because it would be directly involved in L-OHP sensitivity.

The article discusses research being done on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from beef cattle and pigs in Japan. It references several studies including "Association of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter isolated from Food-Producing Animals with Antimicrobial Use on Farms" by T. Asai, K. Harada, K. Ishihara, A. Kojima, T. Sameshima, Y. Tamura and T. Takahashi in a 2007 issue of the "Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases."

The article presents a study that investigated the prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens in dairy cattle in the eastern Japan. Details relating to the process of isolating Campylobacter, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and O26, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes are presented. It also discusses how the samples are collected from participating dairy farms in five prefectures in the eastern part of Japan.

Kernel texture (grain hardness) in common wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is of primary technological importance and is largely determined by puroindoline gene sequence and expression. We investigated the puroindoline haplotypes of 246 Asian common wheat varieties. All but three were conclusively characterized for puroindoline a and b haplotypes. Of the total, 174 possessed the soft Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a?wild-type? gene sequences with SKCS hardness indexes (HI) ranging from 13.5 to 61.8. Among the remaining 72 varieties with HIs of 56.1?97.8, nearly half (30) were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b, 4 were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1c, 19 were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p, 10 were Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a(?a-null?), 3 were Pina-D1l/Pinb-D1a, 2 possessed a new C-to-T SNP mutation at position 382, which is tentatively designated Pinb-D1ab, 1 was a ?double null? with neither puroindoline a nor b expressed and no PCR-detectable gene sequence, and 3 had undetermined/ambiguous puroindoline a sequence but possessed Pinb-D1a. The double null was the hardest of all varieties tested with an HI of 97.8. The frequency of soft and hard varieties and puroindoline hardness haplotype varied depending on the origin of the varieties. The lowest frequency of hard varieties occurred in Korea and south-western Japan. Tibet and Pakistan also had low frequencies of hard varieties. The highest frequency of hard varieties appeared in north-east China followed by north-west China and Nepal. Within Asia, the Pinb-D1pallele appears in a region extending from north-eastern China through Inner Mongolia, north-western China, Xinjiang and Tibet, with the greatest frequency in north-western China. This allele was also present in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but not found in Japan, and may have been dispersed along the ?Silk Road?. All three Pina-D1lvarieties came from China. The newly discovered SNP originated in Afghanistan and the ?double null? in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which compared the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and O26 between beef and dairy cattle. STEC O157 was isolated from 16 beef cattle, while no STEC O157 was isolated from any dairy farms. The study concluded that the prevalence of STEC O157 is higher in beef cattle than in dairy cattle.