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External focus is a way to guide human movement based on outcome rather than execution, therefore all instructions are provided based on factors present in the environment. The aim of this review is to search information about the effects of external focus in the long jump task and to compare its outcomes with other learning methods. For the research, online database search engines such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Cinahl, and Scopus were used from January 2010 to June 2020. About 41 articles were identified by searching the online databases, 12 were discarded because they were duplicates, 11 were excluded due to the content of the abstract, and finally, 5 were excluded after evaluating the content of the full text, leaving 13 articles to be included in this review. This review sought to summarize the findings in the literature on the use of external focus in the practice of long jump. The authors concluded that the external focus is a relevant approach and can be used as a tool for the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the physical performance among young elite soccer players from different age categories (i.e., U15, U17, and U20) in a broad spectrum of abilities (sprint, change of direction ability, jump, anaerobic and aerobic capabilities) and to explore the relationship between these physical performances. Method: One hundred twenty-two young Brazilian soccer players were analyzed. The relationship and differences were assessed between physical performance in repeated sprint ability (RSA), sprint 10 and 20 meters, Yo-Yo IR1 test, countermovement jump, and change of direction ability (COD). Results: In sprint 10-m performance, U17 players were worse performance than U15 and U20 players (p = <0.001) and for sprint 20-m performance U17 category was faster when compared with the other categories (p = 0.008). For COD ability, results were favorable for U20 players (U15: p = 0.001; U17: p = <0.001) and U15 has worse performance (U17: p = 0.018; U20: p = <0.001). Performance for RSA variables, U20 players had better performance (p = 0.001), followed by U17 and U15 players. Likewise, performance in Yo-Yo IR1 were better for U20 players (p = 0.001), followed by U17 and U15 players. Jump performance was higher for U20 players. For relationship between physical performance according to category was observed that the number of significant relationships progressively reduced with increasing age category. In summary, this study revealed that the physical attributes that discriminated different age categories were 20-m time, RSA, COD ability, and distance performed on the Yo-Yo IR1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)