Search

Cyber-slacking interrupts classroom teaching and learning activities and is associated with poor academic performance. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study aimed to investigate whether both cognitive (i.e., attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control) and affective (i.e., fear of missing out [FoMO]) factors contribute to classroom cyber-slacking intention and behavior among Chinese university students. We recruited a convenience sample of 431 undergraduate students (M = 19.34, SD = 1.08; 66.4% female; 33.6% male) from mainland China who completed an online survey (i.e., items measured cognitive factors of cyber-slacking, cyber-slacking behavior, FoMO, and demographic information). The findings of correlational, hierarchical multiple regression, and path analysis with bootstrapping approach showed that both cognitive and affective factors were positive correlates of cyber-slacking intention and behavior and explained the variance in cyber-slacking intention. Moreover, attitudes, perceived norms, perceived behavioral control, and FoMO had statistically significant indirect effects (via intention) on cyber-slacking behaviors, whereas perceived behavioral control alone has a direct impact on cyber-slacking behaviors. The findings not only lend more credence to TPB, suggesting that cognitive factors are reliable correlates of both classroom cyber-slacking intention and behavior, but also showed affective factors, such as FoMO, can be used to reduce students' cyber-slacking intention and, subsequently, their behavior. Based on these findings, interventions for reducing classroom cyber-slacking are discussed.

AIM: To describe the multimodal imaging features, treatment, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with adult-onset Coats disease. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients first diagnosed with Coats disease at ≥18 years of age between September 2017 and September 2021. Some patients received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (conbercept, 0.5 mg) as the initial treatment, which was combined with laser photocoagulation as needed. All the patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure examinations, fundus color photography, spontaneous fluorescence tests, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and other examinations. BCVA alterations and multimodal image findings in the affected eyes following treatment were compared and the prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 15 patients who were aged 24-72 (57.33±12.61)y at presentation. Systemic hypertension was the most common associated systemic condition, occurring in 13 (86.7%) patients. Baseline BCVA ranged from 2.0 to 5.0 (4.0±1.1), which showed improvement following treatment (4.2±1.0). Multimodal imaging revealed retinal telangiectasis in 13 patients (86.7%), patchy hemorrhage in 5 patients (33.3%), and stage 2B disease (Shield's staging criteria) in 11 patients (73.3%). OCT revealed that the baseline central macular thickness (CMT) ranged from 129 to 964 µm (473.0±230.1 µm), with 13 patients (86.7%) exhibiting a baseline CMT exceeding 250 µm. Furthermore, 8 patients (53.3%) presented with an epiretinal membrane at baseline or during follow-up. Hyper-reflective scars were observed on OCT in five patients (33.3%) with poor visual prognosis. Vision deteriorated in one patient who did not receive treatment. Final vision was stable in three patients who received laser treatment, whereas improvement was observed in one of two patients who received anti-VEGF therapy alone. In addition, 8 of 9 patients (88.9%) who received laser treatment and conbercept exhibited stable or improved BCVA. CONCLUSION: Multimodal imaging can help diagnose adult-onset Coats disease. Anti-VEGF treatment combined with laser therapy can be an option for improving or maintaining BCVA and resolving macular edema. The final visual outcome depends on macular involvement and the disease stage.

Abstract Objective A novel Proximal Femoral Bionic Nail (PFBN) has been developed by a research team for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. This study aims to compare the biomechanical properties of the innovative PFBN with those of the conventional Inverted Triangular Cannulated Screw (ITCS) fixation method through biomechanical testing. Methods Sixteen male femoral specimens preserved in formalin were selected, with the donors’ age at death averaging 56.1 ± 6.3 years (range 47–64 years), and a mean age of 51.4 years. The femurs showed no visible damage and were examined by X-rays to exclude diseases affecting bone quality such as tumors, severe osteoporosis, and deformities. The 16 femoral specimens were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 8) and a control group (n = 8). All femurs were prepared with Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures, fixed with PFBN in the experimental group and ITCS in the control group. Displacement and stress limits of each specimen were measured through cyclic compression tests and failure experiments, and vertical displacement and strain values under a 600 N vertical load were measured in all specimens through vertical compression tests. Results In the vertical compression test, the average displacement at the anterior head region of the femur was 0.362 mm for the PFBN group, significantly less than the 0.480 mm for the ITCS group (p

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its negative consequences among adolescents are so commonly observed that they have become a matter of public concern. Utilizing life history (LH) theory, this study aims to examine how childhood risks (i.e., childhood harshness and unpredictability) would be associated with adolescent PSU via cognitive and emotional processes of LH strategy and psychological distress. A sample of 459 Chinese high school students aged from 14 to 18 (M = 16.90) participated in this study and voluntarily completed an anonymous survey. The results showed that childhood unpredictability and psychological distress were positively correlated with PSU, whereas childhood harshness and the two processes of LH strategy were negatively correlated with PSU. Path analysis further supported a partial mediation model, in which childhood unpredictability increased PSU, via serial mediators of the emotional process of LH strategy and psychological distress. The findings support the efficacy of LH theory in elucidating the development of behavioral addiction. However, the direct and negative association of childhood harshness with PSU was unexpected. It implicates the complexity of childhood environment on adolescent behavioral addictions and warrants further investigation.

Objective Concerns regarding sleep problems in emerging adults and their antecedents, such as problematic smartphone use (PSU), have been growing. This study tested the association between PSU and sleep problems and further investigated the mechanisms of this relationship based on the theory of compensatory health beliefs (CHBs). Methods This study included 999 participants (74.87% female) in China, aged 17 to 25 years (M = 21.16; standard deviation = 1.60), who voluntarily filled in an anonymous survey. Results The findings showed positive correlations between sleep problems and PSU, sleep-related CHBs, and bedtime procrastination ( r s = .25–.52, p

The growing interests have been witnessed in the evolution and improvement of artificial compound eyes (CE) inspired by arthropods. However, the existing CE cameras are suffering from a defocusing problem due to the incompatibility with commercial CMOS cameras. Inspired by the CEs of South American Shrimps, we report a compact biologically inspired camera that enables wide-field-of-view (FOV), high-resolution imaging and sensitive 3D moving trajectory reconstruction. To overcome the defocusing problem, a deep learning architecture with distance regulation is proposed to achieve wide-range-clear imaging, without any hardware or complex front-end design, which greatly reduces system complexity and size. The architecture is composed of a variant of Unet and Pyramid-multi-scale attention, with designed short, middle and long distance regulation. Compared to the current competitive well-known models, our method is at least 2 dB ahead. Here we describe the high-resolution computational-CE camera with 271 ommatidia, with a weight of 5.4 g an area of 3 × 3 cm2 and 5-mm thickness, which achieves compatibility and integration of CE with commercial CMOS. The experimental result illustrates this computational-CE camera has competitive advantages in enhanced resolution and sensitive 3D live moving trajectory reconstruction. The compact camera has promising applications in nano-optics fields such as medical endoscopy, panoramic imaging and vision robotics.

Objective To investigate the technique and dosage selection of indocyanine green(ICG) fluorescence staining in laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The clinical date of the patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy in the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2020 to October 2023 was collected and analyzed, and the management of the Glissonean pedicle, the method and effect of ICG fluorescence staining during the operation, the dose of ICG injection, and the postoperative recovery were analyzed. Results A total of 91 laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomies were enrolled in this study, including 28 right hemihepatectomies and 63 left hemihepatectomies. The Glissonean pedicle was dissected intra-sheath in 9 cases and extra-sheath in 82 cases. ICG fluorescence staining was all performed using the negative staining method, of which 69 cases(75.8%) were successfully stained. The success rate of staining in the extra-sheath dissection and low-dose ICG group was higher than that in the intra-sheath dissection and high-dose ICG group. The average operation time was (168.5±32.2) minutes, the intraoperative bleeding volume was (152.4±56.3) ml, and the intraoperative blood transfusion rate was 6.6% (6/91), the average postoperative hospital stay was (8.5±2.6) days. One case was converted to laparotomy due to exophytic growth of the tumor compressing the Glissonean pedicle. Four cases had Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ-Ⅱ complications, all of which improved after treatment. There were 3 cases of grade Ⅲa complications, all of which were caused by bile leakage and abdominal cavity infection. They were cured by puncture and drainage. And there were no serious complications above grade Ⅲb. Conclusions In laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy, the ICG fluorescence staining method was recommended to use the negative staining method of the extra-sheath dissection of the Glissonean pedicle, and a lower dose of ICG could help to increase the success rate of fluorescence staining.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive liver malignancy with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is crucial for iCCA progression, yet its comprehensive characterization remains incomplete. This study utilized mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) to comprehensively analyze immune cell populations in fresh iCCA tumor samples and adjacent peritumor liver tissues. Notably, NK cell percentages significantly decreased in iCCA lesions compared to peritumor liver tissues. Conversely, an enrichment of immunosuppressive CD39+Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (CD39+T-regs) and exhausted-like CD8+ T cells (with pronounced CD39 and PD-1 expression) within TIME was identified and confirmed by multiplex immunofluorescence staining in an independent patient cohort (n = 140). Crucially, tumor-infiltrating CD39+T-regs and CD39+PD-1+CD8+ T cells emerged as independent prognostic indicators associated with an unfavorable prognosis in iCCA. These findings unveil the intricate immune landscape within iCCA, offering valuable insights for disease management and novel cancer immunotherapies.

Behavioral addictions are associated with detrimental consequences to one's functioning and wellbeing and hence have raised both public and clinical concerns. Both smartphone addiction (SA) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) are common types of behavioral addictions, but the former is relatively generic, whereas the latter is behavior specific. This study approaches this topic from an evolutionary theoretical perspective and is the first to apply life history (LH) theory to understanding the interplay among LH strategies, self-regulation processes (i.e., impulse control and goal setting), and behavioral addictions (including both SA and IGD). We recruited 351 Chinese undergraduate students (M.sub.age = 19.33; SD = 1.06) who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire. Results indicated that males had higher levels of IGD than females, although SA results did not vary by gender. As hypothesized, LH strategies were significantly and negatively related to SA and IGD (r = -0.17 and -0.18, p < .001) in those participants with fast LH strategies were more vulnerable to two behavioral addictions. The results of path analysis, however, partially supported the hypothesized mediating effect of self-regulation processes and showed that impulse control, but not goal setting, significantly mediated the effect of LH strategies on the two behavioral addictions The findings extended the application of evolutionary theory in explaining the development of both generic and specific types of behavioral addiction. Moreover, the differential effects of the two specific self-regulation processes on both SA and IGD suggest that, compared to low competence to set goal, a lack of control over one's impulsion is a more salient factor in the development and/or maintenance of behavioral addiction. Interventions, such as improving self-control, would be potentially effective strategies for Chinese university students vulnerable to behavioral addictions., Author(s): Meng Xuan ZHANG [sup.1] [sup.2] , Xiaoyu SU [sup.2] , Anise M. S. WU [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.263826.b, 0000 0004 1761 0489, Department of Medical Humanities, School [...]

AIM: To explore the usage of choroidal thickness measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to detect myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in high myopic participants. METHODS: Participants with bilateral high myopia (≤−6 diopters) were recruited from a subset of the Guangzhou Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center-Brien Holden Vision Institute High Myopia Cohort Study. SS-OCT was performed to determine the choroidal thickness, and myopic maculopathy was graded by the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) Classi?cation. Presence of MMD was defined as META-PM category 2 or above. RESULTS: A total of 568 right eyes were included for analysis. Eyes with MMD (n=106, 18.7%) were found to have older age, longer axial lengths (AL), higher myopic spherical equivalents (SE), and reduced choroidal thickness in each Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid sector (P

Abstract Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a challenging area in regenerative medicine. Nerve guide conduit (NGC) transplantation is a common treatment for PNI, but the prognosis of NGC treatment is unsatisfactory due to 1) neuromechanical unmatching and 2) the intra‐conduit inflammatory microenvironment (IME) resulting from Schwann cell pyroptosis and inflammatory‐polarized macrophages. A neuromechanically matched NGC composed of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) loaded with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (P:P) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are designed, which exhibits a matched elastic modulus (25.1 ± 3.5 MPa) for the peripheral nerve and the highest 80% elongation at break, better than most protein‐based conduits. Moreover, the NGC can gradually regulate the intra‐conduit IME by releasing DMF and monitoring sciatic nerve movements via piezoresistive sensing. The combination of NGC and electrical stimulation modulates the IME to support PNI regeneration by synergistically inhibiting Schwann cell pyroptosis and reducing inflammatory factor release, shifting macrophage polarization from the inflammatory M1 phenotype to the tissue regenerative M2 phenotype and resulting in functional recovery of neurons. In a rat sciatic nerve crush model, NGC promoted remyelination and functional and structural regeneration. Generally, the DMF/RSF/P:P conduit provides a new potential therapeutic approach to promote nerve repair in future clinical treatments.

Blunting the tumor's stress-sensing ability is an effective strategy for controlling tumor adaptive survival and metastasis. Here, we have designed a cyclically amplified nano-energy interference device based on lipid nanoparticles (LNP), focused on altering cellular energy metabolism. This innovative nano device efficiently targets and monitors the tumor's status while simultaneously inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, biogenesis and ribosome production. To this end, we first identified azelaic acid (AA), a binary acid capable of disrupting the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Upon encapsulation in LNP and linkage to mitochondrial-targeting molecules, this disruptive effect is further augmented. Consequently, tumors exhibit a substantial upregulation of the glycolytic pathway, intensifying their glucose demand and worsening the tumor's energy-deprived microenvironment. Then, the glucose analog, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), linked to the LNP, efficiently targets tumors and competitively inhibits the tumor's normal glucose uptake. The synergetic results of combining AA with 2-DG induce comprehensive energy deficiency within tumors, blocking the generation of energy-sensitive ribosomes. Ultimately, the disruption of both mitochondria and ribosomes depletes energy supply and new protein-generating capacity, weakening tumor's ability to adapt to environmental stress and thereby inhibiting growth and metastasis. Comprehensively, this nano-energy interference device, by controlling the tumor's stress-sensing ability, provides a novel therapeutic strategy for refractory tumors.

Abstract Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) using a combination of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX) has shown promise for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients classified under Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C. In China, the combined therapy of camrelizumab and apatinib is now an approved first-line approach for inoperable HCC. This study (NCT04191889) evaluated the benefit of combining camrelizumab and apatinib with HAIC-FOLFOX for HCC patients in BCLC stage C. Eligible patients were given a maximum of six cycles of HAIC-FOLFOX, along with camrelizumab and apatinib, until either disease progression or intolerable toxicities emerged. The primary outcome measured was the objective response rate (ORR) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. Thirty-five patients were enrolled. Based on RECIST v1.1 criteria, the confirmed ORR stood at 77.1% (95% CI: 59.9% to 89.6%), with a disease control rate of 97.1% (95% CI: 85.1% to 99.9%). The median progression-free survival was 10.38 months (95% CI: 7.79 to 12.45). Patient quality of life had a transient deterioration within four cycles of treatment, and generally recovered thereafter. The most frequent grade ≥3 or above treatment-related adverse events included reduced lymphocyte count (37.1%) and diminished neutrophil count (34.3%). The combination of camrelizumab, apatinib, and HAIC demonstrated encouraging results and manageable safety concerns for HCC at BCLC stage C.