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MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that are produced in a cell endogenously. They are made up of 18 to 26 nucleotides in strength. Due to their evolutionary conserved nature, most of the miRNAs provide a logical basis for the prediction of novel miRNAs and their clusters in plants such as sunflowers related to the Asteraceae family. In addition, they participate in different biological processes of plants, including cell signaling and metabolism, development, growth, and tolerance to (biotic and abiotic) stresses. In this study profiling, conservation and characterization of novel miRNA possessing conserved nature in various plants and their targets annotation in sunflower (Asteraceae) were obtained by using various computational tools and software. As a result, we looked at 152 microRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana that had already been predicted. Drought tolerance stress is mediated by these 152 non-coding RNAs. Following that, we used local alignment to predict novel microRNAs that were specific to Helianthus annuus. We used BLAST to do a local alignment, and we chose sequences with an identity of 80% to 100%. MIR156a, MIR164a, MIR165a, MIR170, MIR172a, MIR172b, MIR319a, MIR393a, MIR394a, MIR399a, MIR156h, and MIR414 are the new anticipated miRNAs. We used MFold to predict the secondary structure of new microRNAs. We used conservation analysis and phylogenetic analysis against a variety of organisms, including Gossypium hirsutum, H. annuus, A. thaliana, Triticum aestivum, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays, Brassica napus, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum, and Oryza sativa, to determine the evolutionary history of these novel non-coding RNAs. Clustal W was used to analyze the evolutionary history of discovered miRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review is focusing on photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production as a viable fuel. The limitations of different production methods for H2 generation and the importance of photocatalytic process are discussed, which renders this process as highly promising to meet the future energy crises. TiO2 is one of most effective material to generate the H2 via photocatalytic processes. Therefore, advantages of the catalyst over other semiconductors have been thoroughly analyzed. Starting from synthesis of TiO2 and factors affecting the whole process of photocatalytic H2 production have been discussed. Modifications for improvement in TiO2 and the photocatalytic reaction are critically reviewed as well as the mechanism of TiO2 modification has been described. Metal doping, non-metal doping, impurity addition and defect introduction processes have been analyzed and the comparison of experimental results is developed based on H2 production efficiency. A critical review of the literature from 2004 to 2021 concludes that H2 production as fuel using TiO2 photocatalytic method is efficient and environment friendly, which have potential for practical applications for H2 generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the handgrip strength among chefs and non-chefs. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Different restaurants and hotels of Lahore, from Apr to Sep 2018. Methodology: Thirty-one chefs and 31 non-chefs (waiters and managers) were included in the study. We used a standard method for measuring the handgrip strength of the dominant and non-dominant hand. Handgrip strength was measured with the help of an electronic hand dynamometer (Model EH101). Results: The mean handgrip strength of the dominant hand of the chefs was 39.90 ± 8.50 kg, with the range 22.76 kg-55.30 kg, whereas among non-chefs, the mean handgrip strength of the dominant hand was 38.54 ± 7.85 kg, with the range 21.06 kg-52.86 kg. The mean handgrip strength of the non-dominant hand of the chefs was 38.36 ± 7.97 kg, with the range 24.20 kg-56.66 kg, whereas, among non-chefs, the mean handgrip strength of non-dominant hand was 37.15 ± 7.26 kg, with the range 23.03 kg-51.60 kg. Conclusion: Handgrip strength of chefs and non-chefs was the same in the dominant and non-dominant hands. There was no significant statistical difference in the handgrip strength among chefs and non-chefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 coronavirus is one of the most contagious diseases in the history of the world. Therefore, this study was conducted to tackle the concern of creating preventive behavior among the public. The current study attempted to propose a hypothetical structural equation model to examine the connection among social networking sites, risk perception, protective measures, self-efficacy, and preventive behavior. The current empirical research was held in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The researcher used internet source to collect questionnaires. The study results specified that social networking sites and control variables have no positive significant and direct association with preventive behavior. The study found that social networking sites effect indirectly on preventive behavior through risk perception, protective measures, and self-efficacy. Risk perception, protective measures, and self-efficacy have an optimistic significant and direct relation with preventive behavior. The conceptual framework provides valuable data for practitioners and policymakers to boost preventive behavior by implementing suitable, recommended precautions by using social networking sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]