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Quantitative bioanalysis is essential when establishing pharmacokinetic properties during the drug development process. To overcome challenges of sensitivity, specificity and process complexity associated with the conventional analysis of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), a new approach to nonenzymatic hybridization assays using probe alteration-linked self-assembly reaction (PALSAR) technology as a signal amplifier was evaluated. PALSAR quantification of ASOs in mouse tissue and plasma was able to achieve a high sensitivity ranging from 1.5 to 6 pg/ml, intra-/interday accuracies in the range of 86.8–119.1% and 88.1–113.1%, respectively, and precision of ≤17.2%. Furthermore, crossreactivity of 3′n-1, a metabolite with a single base difference, was

It is well-known that the electrodeposition of lithium usually results in the formation of dendrites on the electrode surface. This limits the utilization of metallic lithium as a material for, for example, the negative electrodes of rechargeable batteries. In aqueous solutions, similar dendritic growth of metals is often observed during electrodeposition; however, utilization of multicomponent additives has overcome this shortcoming. Here, we report that the simultaneous utilization of four different additives greatly suppresses the formation of lithium dendrites during electrodeposition in a tetraglyme-based solution. The roles of the additives are discussed, based on the results of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Aluminum electrodeposition using ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents has attracted significant interest for coating applications. Although Al electrodeposition is usually carried out in a nitrogen- or argon-filled glove box, there may be a potential for process cost reduction if the Al electrodeposition process could be carried out in a dry atmosphere. In this study, we examined two commonly used baths, namely a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMImCl)–AlCl3 ionic liquid and an acetamide (AcAm)–AlCl3 deep eutectic solvent, to determine their respective feasibilities for the electrodeposition of a uniform Al film in dry air. Electrodeposition in dry air using the AcAm–AlCl3 bath produced uniform Al films even after the bath had been used for more than 10 weeks, whereas electrodeposition in dry air using the EMImCl–AlCl3 bath failed to produce an Al film covering the entire substrate. The current efficiency was almost 100% in the AcAm–AlCl3 bath, whereas the value decreased to 50% in EMImCl–AlCl3 bath in dry air. The findings of this study therefore reveal that AcAm–AlCl3 is a suitable bath for Al electrodeposition in dry air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]