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People with intellectual and developmental disabilities sometimes engage in challenging behaviours. When behaviours escalate to the point where they pose imminent risk to the safety of people and environments, a crisis occurs that jeopardises community living and participation. In these situations, timely access to crisis stabilisation services is required. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to synthesise evidence on effective crisis stabilisation service models for challenging behaviours. A total of 46 publications met the inclusion criteria. The literature describes a spectrum of crisis stabilisation services of varying intensities including: outreach, outpatient, inpatient, respite, and capacity building through education and training. However, there is limited guidance on how to best structure service models. This review highlights the need for comprehensive and person-centred programme evaluations.

AbstractThe present experiment used the Serial Reaction Time Task(SRTT) to investigate if auditory cueing or feedback in the form of spatially compatible tones benefited sequence learning similarly. Fifty-three neurotypical adults (18-35 years; 32 cis-females; 21 cis-males) were randomly assigned to three groups in which they practiced a visual SRTT: Group AC was supplemented with auditory cues; group AF received auditory feedback; group NS performed without sound. Retention and transfer tests (i.e., in the other two sensory conditions), and an explicit awareness test were conducted 48 h after practice. Changes in Total Sequence Time (TST), Total Error (TE), and acquired knowledge of the 10-item sequence order quantified sequence learning and were assessed using a two-way mixed ANOVA with repeated measures (p ≤ 0.05). A significant group-by-time interaction indicated only the AC group maintained their performance improvements when the sequence was perturbed. Overall, improvements in TST on day 1 and day 2 were consistent with all groups acquiring task-general and sequence-specific knowledge. TE outcomes suggested no speed-accuracy tradeoff. On Day 2, all groups performed best in the no-sound condition, indicating performance was maintained when sound cues or feedback were removed. All groups acquired equivalent implicit motor sequence knowledge regardless of sound condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities-Revised (ABLA-R) is an assessment tool used by applied behavior analysis (ABA) service providers for determining the learning ability of clients with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder ASD. In this study, we combined an ABLA-R self-instructional manual (DeWiele et al., 2014) with video modeling and evaluated the effectiveness of the training package for teaching ABA service providers to administer the ABLA-R to the experimenter who role-played a child with ASD and to a child with ASD. We evaluated the training package using a single-subject, modified concurrent multiple-baseline (MB) design across a pair of participants, replicated across three other pairs of participants, plus a modified nonconcurrent MB design across a pair of participants, replicated across one other pair. Participants demonstrated a significant increase in the accuracy with which they administered the ABLA-R to an experimenter from baseline to post-test, and conducted the ABLA-R with high accuracy in a generalization assessment with a child with ASD. An implication of this research is that the self-instructional training package is an effective tool for training ABA service providers to accurately administer the ABLA-R to children with ASD.

The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) is a tool that is used to assess the learning ability of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and children with autism. The ABLA was recently revised and is now referred to as the ABLA-Revised (ABLA-R). A self-instructional manual was prepared to teach individuals how to administer the ABLA-R (DeWiele, Martin, Martin, Yu, & Thomson, 2011). Using a modified multiple-baseline design across a pair of university students, and replicated across four pairs, we evaluated the effectiveness of the ABLA-R self-instructional manual for teaching the students how to administer the ABLA-R. Each student: (a) after examining a brief description of the ABLA-R, attempted to administer the ABLA-R to a confederate role-playing an individual with ID (Baseline); (b) studied the ABLA-R self-instructional manual (Training); and (c) re-attempted to administer the ABLA-R to a confederate (Post-Training Assessment). Participants who achieved at least 90% accuracy in conducting the ABLA-R in their Post-Training Assessment then administered the ABLA-R to an individual with ID in a Generalization Assessment. Although additional research is needed, our results suggest that the self-instructional manual is an effective tool for training individuals to accurately administer the ABLA-R.

This synthesis paper summarizes research literature addressing challenging behaviours in children and youth with autism spectrum disorders and developmental disabilities in school settings. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles published between the years 2000 and 2011. The methodological quality of all studies was screened following a standard quality assessment checklist. Intervention effects were assessed quantitatively. Results of quality analysis and intervention effectiveness were integrated to identify interventions with strong support and evidence of effectiveness. We discuss results in terms of implications for intervention choice and implementation in school settings, limitations, and directions for future re-search.

Mario Bunge is one of the most prolific philosophers of our time. Over the past sixty years he has written extensively about semantics, ontology, epistemology, philosophy of science and ethics. Bunge has been interested in the philosophical and methodological implications of modern psychology and more specifically in the philosophies of the relation between the neural and psychological realms. According to Bunge, functionalism, the philosophical stand of current psychology, has limited explanatory power in that neural processes are not explicitly acknowledged as components or factors of psychological phenomena. In "Matter and Mind" (2010), Bunge has elaborated in great detail the philosophies of the mind-brain dilemma and the basis of the psychoneural identity hypothesis, which suggests that all psychological processes can be analysed in terms of neural and physical phenomena. This article is the result of a long interview with Dr. Bunge on psychoneural identity and brain-behaviour relations.

Most research on stimulus preference and reinforcer assessment involves a preference assessment that is followed by a reinforcer assessment. Typically, the most and least preferred stimuli are tested as reinforcers. In the current study, we first quantified the reinforcing efficacies of six food items and then assessed relative preference for each item. Relative preference ranking and reinforcer efficacies showed almost perfect concordance for 1 participant and partial concordance for the other. Discordance tended to occur with the weakest reinforcers. (Contains 2 figures.)

The single-stimulus (SS) preference assessment procedure has been described as more appropriate than the paired stimulus (PS) procedure for "lower functioning" individuals, but this guideline's vagueness limits its usefulness. We administered the SS and PS preference assessment procedures with food items to seven individuals with severe or profound developmental disabilities who scored at level 2 of the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) and seven who scored at ABLA level 3. Thirteen of the 14 participants also received these assessments (PS and SS), with non-food items. The two procedures were about equally effective for both groups, and with both types of stimuli, although the PS procedure produced more refined preference hierarchies. Most participants showed moderate to high correlations in preference scores between the two procedures for both food and non-food items. These results suggest that, for individuals who score at either ABLA level 2 or ABLA level 3, the SS and the PS procedures are equally likely to identify preferred stimuli. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)

The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities test (ABLA) is a useful tool for choosing appropriate training tasks for persons with developmental disabilities. This test assesses the ease or difficulty with which persons are able to learn six hierarchically positioned discrimination tasks. A visual-visual nonidentity matching prototype task was examined to assess its (a) relation to the ABLA hierarchy, (b) predictive validity, and (c) test-retest reliability. Results from 23 participants with developmental disabilities suggest that visual-visual nonidentity matching is a worthwhile addition to the ABLA test and is positioned in the ABLA hierarchy above Level 4 (visual-visual identity matching) and below Level 6 (auditory-visual discrimination). The prototype visual-visual nonidentity matching task also demonstrated high predictive validity and test-retest reliability.

A study examined all research articles published in four journals from 1993-2001. Approximately two-thirds of the articles consistently described participants by the diagnostic categories from the 1983 American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) diagnostic manual. An average of 10% of the articles described participants in terms of the 1992 AAMR manual. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)

The criminalisation of hip-hop artists is not new. The focus of attention for police has tended to be on artists of colour (in particular) who include descriptions of violence in their lyrics. The sprawling multicultural western suburbs of Sydney Australia have become a fertile breeding-ground for a wave of drill rap artists, some of whom explore violent themes. This dynamic scene was kicked off by Pacifica group ONEFOUR. Popular internationally, ONEFOUR have been subject to prolonged police and media attention resulting in cancelled tours and untested allegations of criminality. This article uses a framework of musicriminology to explore the aesthetic and cultural elements of ONEFOUR's influence and infamy. It also places Australian drill music in its socio-historical and post-colonial context to explain why it has attracted censure. We suggest that ONEFOUR's brand of Australian drill represents a Western Sydney 'other'; a population both under-represented (in terms a cultural voice) and over-represented (in the criminal justice system) (Ahmad, 2013). The dark aesthetic, unnerving sonics and bleak lyrics of some drill exposes the underbelly of post-colonial neo-liberalism and groups economically excluded and socially marginalised. It tells stories abhorrent to moral gate-keepers and creating an atmosphere of geo-spatialised and sonically-informed danger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computed tomography (CT) is routinely used to diagnose and evaluate metastatic lesions in oncology. CT alone suffers from lack of sensitivity, especially for skeletal lesions in the bone marrow and lesions that have similar attenuation profiles to surrounding bone. Magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine imaging remain the gold standard in evaluating skeletal lesions. However, compared to CT, these modalities are not as widely available or suitable for all patients. Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) exploits variations in linear attenuation coefficient of materials at different photon energy levels to reconstruct images based on material composition. DECT in musculoskeletal imaging is used in the imaging of crystal arthropathy and detecting subtle fractures, but it is not broadly utilized in evaluating infiltrative skeletal lesions. Malignant skeletal lesions have different tissue and molecular compositions compared to normal bone. DECT may exploit these physical differences to delineate infiltrative skeletal lesions from surrounding bone better than conventional monoenergetic CT. Studies so far have examined the utility of DECT in evaluating skeletal metastases, multiple myeloma lesions, pathologic fractures, and performing image-guided biopsies with promising results. These studies were mostly retrospective analyses and case reports containing small samples sizes. As DECT becomes more widely used clinically and more scientific studies evaluating the performance of DECT are published, DECT may eventually become an important modality in the work-up of infiltrative skeletal lesions. It may even challenge MRI and nuclear medicine because of relatively faster scanning times and ease of access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) is a treatment designed to increase adaptive behavior and decrease maladaptive behaviors for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). EIBI service providers typically collect data using pen‐and‐paper. Participants were four service providers employed at a large community‐based EIBI program. Differences in accuracy between collecting discrete‐trial‐teaching (DTT) data and challenging behavior data using pen‐and‐paper and an eHealth electronic data collection (EDC) application were assessed. The social validity of both methods of data collection was also examined. Pen‐and‐paper and EDC were equally accurate, but participants preferred using pen‐and‐paper. Our accuracy findings agreed with previous comparisons of EDC and pen‐and‐paper. Both methods of data collection are viable for an EIBI program; however, social validity considerations will determine the ease of EIBI programs transitioning to using an eHealth tool for data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social validity assessments measure consumer satisfaction with the goals, procedures, and outcomes of a program. This study aimed to measure the social validity of a modified early intensive behavioural intervention (EIBI) for 5-year-old children with a formal autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. We evaluated a pilot program developed by St.Amant called the Pre-Kindergarten Program (PKP). Eight populations were surveyed using six unique questionnaires to measure indirect consumers', immediate community members', and extended community members' satisfaction with the goals, procedures, and outcomes of the PKP. Questionnaires were distributed via email and mail containing a webbrowser link and/or a paper questionnaire. A total of 82 responses across all populations were analyzed for within-group and between-group differences using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations to make recommendations for how Pre-Kindergarten EIBI programs can most effectively meet consumer needs. The PKP had good social validity overall. Waitlist families and families being served were the most satisfied overall; clinicians outside the program were the least satisfied group. Lack of parental involvement and limited service hours were recurring concerns mentioned among various populations in open-ended questions. Further research is required to determine the social validity of other EIBI programs and the factors that relate to social validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much Australian history has argued that Australian culture and academic writing were largely silent on the issue of Aboriginal history prior to 1968. Further, there has been a common argument--and assumption--that non-Indigenous country music did not deal with Indigenous Australians in this period at all. However, Australia's most popular recording artist, the country singer-songwriter, Slim Dusty, did in fact record several songs that dealt with issues such as the history of frontier massacres and Aboriginal pastoral labour during the 1950s and 1960s. These songs provide fascinating examples of alternative history-making, and show that there was a conversation--albeit limited--about difficult settler-colonial issues occurring in postwar popular culture. Dusty's songs also provide new ways of thinking about music and politics in the civil rights era, supplying rich examples of the ways in which popular music in general can engage with complex historical narratives, and how popular culture can disrupt conventional ways of telling history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harland never disputes the impact migration may have had on material behaviours, nor does he deny that ethnicity may have played a role in the 5th and 6th centuries; it is the archaeological investigation of this with the available data that he excoriates. In seeking to help remedy such deficiency Harland's view of interpretative areas being "out of bounds" for archaeology will certainly raise the hackles of historic and prehistoric archaeologists alike (particularly where the archaeology of identity is concerned) - though Harland is unbending on this point. Harland argues that archaeology has been insufficiently influenced by developments in the anthropology and sociology of ethnicity, giving rise to his key contention that the material record alone will never be sufficient to empirically determine a phenomenon that has no necessary physical component. [Extracted from the article]

This study, conducted in two parts, evaluated whether the difficulty of the training tasks taught to children enrolled in the St.Amant Autism Early Learning Program matched the learning abilities of the children. In the first part, we demonstrated that: (I) Trained observers could reliably categorize 99 of the 544 tasks of the Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills-Revised (ABLLS-R) into individual levels of the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities - Revised (ABLA-R); and (II) Autism consultants from the St.Amant autism programs averaged 90.5% agreement that those ABLLS-R tasks were taught at the categorized ABLA-R levels. In the second part, we examined archived data for 14 children from the St.Amant Autism Early Learning Program. We found that: (III) 81% of each child's ABLLS-R training tasks were mismatched to each child's highest-passed ABLA-R level; (IV) 61% of their assessments of maladaptive behaviours had a score indicative of challenging behaviours; and (V) The children's rates of acquisition of new training tasks were lower for mismatched tasks than for matched tasks. This study provides valuable information for service providers to improve early intensive behavioural intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive motion makes magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) extremely challenging among children with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD). The medical risks of sedation establish the need for behavioral interventions to promote motion control among children with ASD undergoing MRI scans. We present a series of experiments aimed at establishing both tolerance of the MRI environment and a level of motion control that would be compatible with a successful MRI. During Study 1, we evaluated the effects of prompting and contingent reinforcement on compliance with a sequence of successive approximations to an MRI using a mock MRI. During Study 2, we used prompting and progressive differential reinforcement of other behaviors ( DRO) to promote motion control in a mock MRI for increasing periods of time. Finally, during Study 3, some of the participants underwent a real MRI scan while a detailed in-session motion analysis informed the quality of the images captured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of a knowledge translation and exchange ( KTE) research team assessed the training needs of the teaching staff at a school for individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities ( IDD). In response to this need, KTE researchers retrieved peer-reviewed articles for training staff working with individuals with IDD who exhibit challenging behaviours. These articles were categorised according to the following training content: (1) interventions designed to reduce the frequency of challenging behaviours; (2) appropriate ways to manage challenging behaviours in the moment to promote safety for all parties and/or to terminate the ongoing behaviour; and/or (3) procedures or perspectives relevant to coping with or ameliorating the negative impacts of challenging behaviours on staff. We then examined the training methods (teaching strategies, training duration) involved in teaching the content and assessed the effectiveness of these programmes. Overall, we found that effective training programmes consisted of workshops, practica and feedback on specific skill performance. Some forms of brief training were effective for increasing staffs' knowledge/skills and reducing the frequency of challenging behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student peer-reviewing (SPR) contributes to their own learning and that of the students they are grading. More research is needed on the effects of SPR on the reviewer's knowledge and skills of behavioural instructional skills such as Discrete Trials Teaching (DTT). The present study evaluated the effects of adding SPR to an online teaching method, Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction (CAPSI). Following CAPSI in DTT, participants (N = 32) were randomly assigned to receive SPR or not. Both groups showed statistically significant increases in DTT knowledge and applied performances from baseline, with no between group differences. This study supports the use of computer-assisted self-instruction in teaching applied behaviour analysis knowledge and skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research describes evidence-based ways to reduce challenging behaviours displayed by individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD). These findings may not be put into practice because they are rarely delivered in user-friendly ways. Effective knowledge translation and exchange (KTE) may bridge this know-do gap; however, the literature tells us little about KTE processes as applied in special education. Here, we describe the KTE implementation process of our knowledge brokering team for a school that serves students with IDD. Researchers and teachers were highly satisfied with the process and deliverables. Challenges in the process and implications for future KTE research are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a state funeral mandated by the New South Wales government for musician Slim Dusty. Topics covered include is the importance of Dusty to the cultural life of people in the area. Also mentioned are the achievements of Dusty and his desire to uphold and promote his Australian character.

The article discusses the controversy concerning the 2010 Tamworth Country Music Festival in New South Wales. Topics covered include the possibility that the festival becomes indistinguishable from other music festivals. Also mentioned is the need for the festival to focus or highlight the Australian culture.

The article offers information discusses the interest of Australian country singers in establishing careers in the U.S. Topics covered include the passion of actress Nicole Kidman for Australian country music. Also mentioned is a brief profile and background of the music career of Kidman's husband Keith Urban.

The article discusses how Australian celebrity Chad Morgan enhance people's respect for the Aboriginal people in Australia. Topics covered include his appearance on the radio talent show "Australia's Amateur Hour" in 1952. Also mentioned is the focus of the show on the misadventures of Morgan in Casanova.

The article discusses the focus of the photographs of Swiss photographer E.O. Hoppe on the culture of Australian people. Topics covered include his leadership over the Australian National Travel Association (ANTA). Also mentioned is the depiction of the war dances and homes of Aboriginal people in Australia.

The article discusses the interest of Australian in new American popular music in the mid-1930s. Topics covered include the influence of Great Britain on the sport and popular literature of Australians. Also mentioned is the prevalence of jazz music in the country after the World War 1 ended and in the 1930s.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the career of Australia's first hillbilly star Tex Morton, ways in which the Australian landscape was described by Morton and other singing cowboys and cowgirls in the 1930s and '40s, and campaign to change the name hillbilly to country and western in the 1950s.

The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) assesses the ease or difficulty with which persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) and children with autism are able to learn a simple imitation and five two-choice discriminations that are hierarchical in difficulty. ABLA Level 6 is a two-choice auditory discrimination. An auditory-auditory identity matching prototype task (AAIM PT) assesses a testee's ability to identify matching sounds. Published research indicates that the AAIM PT is more difficult than ABLA Level 6, and pass/fail performance on ABLA Level 6 and the AAIM PT are predictive of the ease or difficulty with which persons with ID and children with autism are able to learn certain language tasks. It is quite possible that the AAIM PT might be considered as ABLA Level 7. In order to determine if the skills needed to pass AAIM PT are precursors for vocal imitation, a method to teach AAIM must be developed. We therefore developed an experimental procedure for teaching AAIM tasks. In a single-subject AB design with replication within and across one person with ID and two children with autism, all three participants learned two AAIM tasks, and two participants generalized to a third AAIM task. The encouraging results provide a promising starting point for future research on teaching AAIM tasks to persons with ID and children with autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors report on the outcome of a consultation workshop held in Iran, which focused on knowledge translation ( KT) and intellectual and developmental disability ( IDD). The goal was to learn more about the contextual factors that facilitate and impede KT in applications related to IDD in Iran. Forty-six stakeholders participated, representing the perspectives of policy-makers, administrators, parents, practitioners, and researchers. The authors introduced a conceptual framework for KT and assessed KT capacity using a validated tool. They facilitated discussions among stakeholder groups with respect to contextual facilitating and impeding factors, and suggested ways to improve IDD-related KT activities in Iran. The authors found that all of the stakeholder groups highly valued research, but there were statistically significant differences among the participating stakeholder groups in acquiring, accessing, adapting, and applying research information to their practice. A number of factors, including the existing connections between parents and practitioners, could potentially facilitate the development of collaborative KT strategies. A lack of time, incentives, and resources were reported by all stakeholder groups as impeding factors for KT in IDD. The authors believe the researchers in Iran need to work closer with stakeholder groups to develop KT strategies with respect to IDD and thus achieve more effective dissemination of research findings that affect policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) assesses the ease or difficulty with which individuals with intellectual disabilities are able to learn a simple imitation and five two-choice discriminations, referred to as levels. During ABLA Level 2, referred to as a position discrimination (Kerr, Meyerson, & Flora, 1977), the client is presented with a yellow can always on the left and a smaller red box always on the right, and the correct response is to place an irregularly shaped piece of foam into the container on the left (the yellow can). With this task a client can learn to make a correct response based on position, colour, shape, or size cues, or some combination of these. The current study evaluated the relative difficulty of ABLA Level 2 and two additional types of position discriminations. The second type of task was similar to ABLA Level 2, except that it used identical containers, and thus contained both relative and absolute position cues, but not shape, colour, or size cues. The third type of task was similar to ABLA Level 2; however, it incorporated identical containers that varied in their absolute positions, which required a relative position discrimination to arrive at the correct response. In two experiments that each used a single-subject design with replication across three participants who passed ABLA Level 2 but failed all higher levels, the results demonstrated that there was no consistent difference in difficulty between the three types of tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities -- Revised (ABLA-R) is used to assess the learning ability of individuals with developmental disabilities. To ensure that testers administer the ABLA-R with accuracy, Martin, Martin, Yu, Thomson and DeWiele (2011) created an ABLA-R tester evaluation form (ABLA-R TEF). We evaluated the reliability and validity of the ABLA-R TEF. In Phase 1, three ABLA-R experts rated each item on the ABLA-R TEF with a mean of 6.7 on a 7-point scale, demonstrating high face validity. In Phase 2, two trained observers obtained high mean interobserver agreement of 93.9% using the ABLA-R TEF for live scoring of testers' performances while they administered the ABLA-R. In Phase 3, the ABLA-R TEF scores of testers' performances, before and after receiving training on applying the ABLA-R, were significantly different. In Phase 4, the ABLA-R TEF scores of testers were significantly correlated with subjective ratings of the testers by ABLA-R experts, demonstrating high concurrent validity. Our research indicates that the ABLA-R TEF is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the quality of an ABLA-R assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Masculine sentimentality played an important role in Australian culture in the 1930s and 1940s, as in other places where plaintive country music songs attracted a passionate following. Using ‘Australia's Singing Cowboy’ Tex Morton as a case study, we show that this sentimentality became part of both the bush tradition and country music in Depression- and Second World War-era Australia, associated with the bushworker or rugged ‘lone hand’. This sentimentality was deeply problematic from a feminist perspective, as indeed was Morton's personal life. It romanticised what he called ‘the sins of the son’; that is, the lone hand's inability to do right by those he loved. It also glamorised his tears and self-pity, treating them as signs of his hardy masculinity. Given the significance of this form of sentimentality both in Australia and elsewhere over the rest of the twentieth century, feminist scholars of popular culture and historians of gender and the emotions need to pay more attention to country music songs about errant sons and lovers from the 1930s and 1940s. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Mario A. Bunge is one of the most prominent philosophers and humanists of our time. His vast record of publications has covered, among others, episte­mology, ontology, ethics, philosophy of natural and social sciences, philoso­phy of technology, and philosophy of mind. A topic that intersects many of these areas and is recurrent in Bunge's work is causality. His analyses of the causal principle, and the redefinition of determinism into near-determinism have been applied to different philosophical issues that range from the causal role of neuronal functioning to the laws of social phenomena. Bunge has criticized functionalism, cognitivism, computationalism, behaviourism, and idealism in their attempt to explain human and non-human behaviour. This article results from an extensive interview held with Dr. Bunge in which we discussed a variety of conceptual issues related to the notions of causality and explanation in psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the interpretation of history in the country music culture of Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia. According to the author, the popular bush ballad form of country music and Tamworth's identity as Australia's country music capital are both invented traditions created in the second half of the 20th century, though they claim much earlier origins. It is suggested that country music in Tamworth presents a celebratory and patriotic narrative of Australian history. Topics discussed include the role of Aboriginal narratives in country music, the Tamworth Country Music Festival, and Australian nationalism.