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Abstract Nickel‐rich cathode materials such as LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NMC90) have gained attention due to their ability to deliver high energy densities while being cost‐effective for Lithium‐ion battery manufacturing. However, NMC90 cathodes suffer irreversible parasitic reactions such as electrolyte decomposition, severe capacity fading and impedance build‐up upon prolonged cycling. Herein, we synthesize a conformal ultrathin, surface protection layer on NMC90 powder using ZnxOy via atomic layer deposition technique (ZnxOy@NMC90). Prolonged electrochemical investigation of full cells at high discharge rates of 2 C shows that ZnxOy@NMC90 cells yielded ~31 % improvement in discharge capacity compared to pristine NMC90. Furthermore, operando electrochemical mass spectroscopy studies show that the ZnxOy@NMC90 cells have significantly suppressed electrolyte decomposition as compared to pristine NMC90 cells. Post‐cycling electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies show that the ZnxOy@NMC90 full cells have significantly reduced impedance compared with pristine NMC90 cells. Additionally, post cycling manganese dissolution studies show that ZnxOy@NMC90 cells have greatly enhanced chemo‐mechanical integrity thereby contributing to improved electrochemical performances. Our results underscore the potential of tailored ZnxOy surface coatings on nickel‐rich cathode materials to address critical challenges in advanced energy storage systems, offering promising prospects for the development of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries.

Abstract Elevating the charging cut-off voltage is one of the efficient approaches to boost the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, this method is limited by the occurrence of severe parasitic reactions at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces. Herein, to address this issue, we design a non-flammable fluorinated sulfonate electrolyte by multifunctional solvent molecule design, which enables the formation of an inorganic-rich cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on high-voltage cathodes and a hybrid organic/inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphite anode. The electrolyte, consisting of 1.9 M LiFSI in a 1:2 v/v mixture of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methanesulfonate, endows 4.55 V-charged graphite||LiCoO2 and 4.6 V-charged graphite||NCM811 batteries with capacity retentions of 89% over 5329 cycles and 85% over 2002 cycles, respectively, thus resulting in energy density increases of 33% and 16% compared to those charged to 4.3 V. This work demonstrates a practical strategy for upgrading the commercial LIBs.

High-energy cathode materials that are Li- and Mn-rich lithiated oxides—for instance, 0.35Li2MnO3.0.65LiNi0.35Mn0.45Co0.20O2 (HE-NCM)—are promising for advanced lithium-ion batteries. However, HE-NCM cathodes suffer from severe degradation during cycling, causing gradual capacity loss, voltage fading, and low-rate capability performance. In this work, we applied an effective approach to creating a nano-sized surface layer of Li2SO4 on the above material, providing mitigation of the interfacial side reactions while retaining the structural integrity of the cathodes upon extended cycling. The Li2SO4 coating was formed on the surface of the material by mixing it with nanocrystalline Li2SO4 and annealing at 600 °C. We established enhanced electrochemical behavior with ~20% higher discharge capacity, improved charge-transfer kinetics, and higher rate capability of HE-NCM cathodes due to the presence of the Li2SO4 coating. Online electrochemical mass spectrometry studies revealed lower CO2 and H2 evolution in the treated samples, implying that the Li2SO4 layer partially suppresses the electrolyte degradation during the initial cycle. In addition, a ~28% improvement in the thermal stability of the Li2SO4-treated samples in reactions with battery solution was also shown by DSC studies. The post-cycling analysis allowed us to conclude that the Li2SO4 phase remained on the surface and retained its structure after 100 cycles.

Mg metal is a promising anode material for next generation rechargeable battery due to its dendrite-free deposition and high capacity. However, the best cathode for rechargeable Mg battery was based on high molecular weight MgxMo3S4, thus rendering full cell energetically uncompetitive. To increase energy density, high capacity cathode material like sulfur is proposed. However, to date, only limited work has been reported on Mg/S system, all plagued by poor reversibility attributed to the formation of electrochemically inactive MgSx species. Here, we report a new strategy, based on the effect of Li+ in activating MgSx species, to conjugate a dendrite-free Mg anode with a reversible polysulfide cathode and present a truly reversible Mg/S battery with capacity up to 1000 mAh/gs for more than 30 cycles. Mechanistic insights supported by spectroscopic and microscopic characterization strongly suggest that the reversibility arises from chemical reactivation of MgSx by Li+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]