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In order to explore the influence of different heating temperatures on the composition of aroma substances and the sensory attribute intensity of Xinjiang spicy chicken seasoning sauce, descriptive sensory evaluation and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to analyze the volatile components of the seasoning sauces without heating and heated at 100 and 150 ℃, and their sensory attribute intensities were quantitatively compared. In addition, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable importance in projection (VIP) values were used to select and verify the key differential substances among the sauces with different heat treatments. The results showed that different heating temperatures significantly affected the sensory characteristics of Xinjiang spicy chicken seasoning sauce. By GC-MS, 6 volatile substances including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones and others were detected, and 16 key differential flavor substances which were significantly affected by heating temperature were selected by OPLS-DA, including terpenes (eucalyptol, terpinolene and α-pinacol), aldehydes and alcohols. With the increase in heating temperature, the contents of terpenes (such as limonene and basil) increased first and then decreased, which were positively correlated with the fresh aroma and tongue-numbing taste of Xinjiang spicy chicken seasoning sauce. However, the contents of aldehydes such as hexanal and (E)-2-octenal significantly increased, resulting in unpleasant off-flavors such as fatty and metallic odors. The above results show that temperature is one of the key factors in the directional control of flavor quality in the industrial processing of Xinjiang spicy chicken seasoning sauce. The findings of the present study provide a basic theoretical basis for the directional optimization of flavor quality and process improvement in the production of Xinjiang spicy chicken seasoning sauce.

Viruses are among the main pathogens causing diarrhoea in calves. The current study found that bovine norovirus (BNoV) is one of the principal viruses causing diarrhoea in calves in Xinjiang, China.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a causative agent of enteric and respiratory disease in cattle. BCoV has been reported to cause a variety of animal diseases and is closely related to human coronaviruses; moreover, it has attracted extensive attention from both cattle farmers and researchers. With the rise of BCoV, a vaccine that is prophylactic and immunotherapeutic has to be utilized for a preemptive and adroit therapeutic approach. The aim of this study was to develop a novel multiepitope‐based BCoV vaccine that can induce an immune response using a silicon reverse vaccinology approach. In this study, an immunoinformatics approach was employed to identify potential vaccine targets against BCoV, and four candidate antigen proteins were selected to predict B‐cell and T‐cell epitopes. To identify dominant epitopes, we employed a variety of bioinformatics techniques, including antigenicity prediction, immunogenicity assessment, allergenicity analysis, conservative analysis, and toxicity assessment. Finally, six multiepitope vaccines were developed using dominant epitopes, suitable adjuvants, Pan HLADR—binding epitope (PADRE), and linkers. Then based on the antigenicity score, solubility analysis, allergenicity evaluation, physicochemical property assessment, and tertiary structure verification score, construct 6 was selected as the best candidate vaccine; it was named CY. Molecular modeling and structural validation ensured the high‐quality 3D structure of construct CY. The immunogenicity and complex stability of the vaccine were evaluated by molecular docking and kinetic simulation. In silicon clones, the BCoV vaccine had high levels of gene expression in the insect expression system. These results may contribute to the development of experimental BCoV vaccines with higher potency and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe coronary artery calcification is associated with low success rate of interventional operation, perioperative adverse cardiac events, and poor prognosis, which is a major problem faced by operators. The existing therapy methods all have inherent limitations, such as unsatisfactory balloon crossability, inadequate balloon dilation, and so on. The emergence of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has brought the dawn of the treatment of calcified lesions by using unfocused acoustic pressure waves to fracture calcification in situ. And IVL is the only technology capable of targeting deep calcification. Hypothesis: IVL may have great clinical application values and potential prospects. Method: Based on the existing clinical evidence of IVL and traditional treatment ways, this review discusses the safety and efficacy of IVL. Combined with clinical practice, the precautions and coping strategies of IVL are analyzed. And the review improves the management algorithm of coronary calcification. Results: IVL has extremely high safety and effectiveness for severe coronary calcification compared with other ways, and structural improvements of IVL will further expand its value. Conclusions: The emergence of IVL could set off a revolution in the treatment of coronary artery calcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are closely connected with secondary students and have an impact on students' approaches to learning and academic results. The present study aimed to explore the effects of teacher immediacy and autonomy support on junior high students' approaches to learning. We conducted a questionnaire survey with 232 junior high school students and found that both teacher immediacy and autonomy support were positively related to students' deep approach to learning, with the dual-pathway mediating roles of positive academic emotion and academic efficacy. Regression results showed that when participants perceived their teachers to have both high levels of immediacy and autonomy support, they reported the highest level of deep approach to learning. No significant results were found in the influence of teacher immediacy, autonomy support, and the interaction effect on surface approach to learning. The implications and limitations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of disease-associated non-coding variants, posing urgent needs for functional interpretation. Molecular Quantitative Trait Loci (xQTLs) such as eQTLs serve as an essential intermediate link between these non-coding variants and disease phenotypes and have been widely used to discover disease-risk genes from many population-scale studies. However, mining and analyzing the xQTLs data presents several significant bioinformatics challenges, particularly when it comes to integration with GWAS data. Here, we developed xQTLbiolinks as the first comprehensive and scalable tool for bulk and single-cell xQTLs data retrieval, quality control and pre-processing from public repositories and our integrated resource. In addition, xQTLbiolinks provided a robust colocalization module through integration with GWAS summary statistics. The result generated by xQTLbiolinks can be flexibly visualized or stored in standard R objects that can easily be integrated with other R packages and custom pipelines. We applied xQTLbiolinks to cancer GWAS summary statistics as case studies and demonstrated its robust utility and reproducibility. xQTLbiolinks will profoundly accelerate the interpretation of disease-associated variants, thus promoting a better understanding of disease etiologies. xQTLbiolinks is available at https://github.com/lilab-bioinfo/xQTLbiolinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an oxidant, deodorant and bleaching agent, the hypochlorous acid (HClO) and hypochlorite (ClO−) are widely used in corrosion inhibitors, textile dyes, pharmaceutical intermediates and in our daily lives. However, excess usage or aberrant accumulation of ClO− leads to tissue damage or some diseases and even cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fluorescent probe that specifically identifies ClO−. In this article, we synthesized a deep‐red xanthene‐based fluorescent probe (XA‐CN). The strong electron deficient group dicyano endows the probe XA‐CN deep‐red fluorescent emission with high solubility, selectivity and sensitivity for ClO− detection. Studies showed that the probe demonstrated turn‐off fluorescence (643 nm) at the presence of ClO− in dimethylsulfoxide/phosphate‐buffered saline 1:1 (pH 9) solution with a limit of detection of 1.64 μM. Detection mechanism investigation revealed that the electron deficient group ‐CN and the hydroxyl group was oxidized into aldehyde or carbonyl groups at the presence of ClO−, resulting ultraviolet‐visible absorption of the probe blue shifted and turned‐off fluorescence. Furthermore, XA‐CN was successfully used for the detection of ClO− in tap water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a promising binary TiC/Bi2O3 photocatalyst was obtained via a simple hydrothermal route. In the photodegradation experiment of acid orange 7 (AO7) and tetracycline (TC) irradiated by simulated sunlight, the attachment of TiC nanoparticles on the Bi2O3 microrods leads to an obvious improvement in the photocatalytic removal properties of the Bi2O3 microrods. The optimal removal efficiency of AO7 was achieved by the 7.5%TiC/Bi2O3 sample, which results in about 91.5% dye removal within 75 min of reaction. Meanwhile, the 7.5%TiC/Bi2O3 sample also exhibits favorable photodegradation performance for the degradation of TC, leading to about ∼76.9% TC being degraded after 75 min of irradiation. More importantly, the degradation pathways of AO7 and toxicity analysis of the intermediate products were performed based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry detection and theoretical simulation. The superior photocatalytic behavior of the TiC/Bi2O3 composite is attributed to the effective separation and migration of photoexcited electrons and holes in the heterojunction, where the TiC nanoparticles act as an acceptor of photoexcited electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) events within 3′ untranslated regions (3'UTRs) are pivotal modulators of posttranscriptional and translational processes, significantly impacting biological functions and disease risks, particularly in brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders. Over 90% of neuropsychiatric GWAS variants occur in noncoding regions, with 3'UTRs harboring critical noncoding variants. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with 3'UTR APA phenotypes (3'aQTLs) elucidate 16.1% of human diseases and traits. However, previous research on the developing human brain has been limited in splicing (sQTLs) and gene expression (eQTLs), leaving a gap in the dynamic temporal changes of aQTLs. This study explores the genetic control of stage-dependent APA (sdaQTL), with stage defined by fetal stages to old age. We conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on 315 human prefrontal cortex samples from East Asians (EAs). This cohort included 107 fetal brains and 208 postnatal adult brains spanning the fetal period (14 to 38 weeks post-conception, n=107), young and mid-aged (18 to 65 years, n=67), and elderly individuals (66 to 102 years, n=141). Utilizing DaPars2, we calculated the poly(A) site-usage index (PDUI) value. the R package maSigPro facilitated the identification of stage-dependent APA (sdAPA) events, defining a goodness-of-fit threshold of R² ≥ 0.3. QTLtools tested the association between normalized PDUI values and SNP genotypes, adjusting for covariates via PCAforQTL. We further compared developmental trajectories and QTL results between EA and European (EUR) populations. We collected and standardized summary statistics from 13 neuropsychiatric GWAS. The coloc R package identified GWAS signals sharing genetic effects with 3'aQTLs and eQTLs. We identified 32,315 APA events in the 315 fetal and adult brain RNA-seq datasets and further identified 26,359 stage-dependent APA (sdAPA) events, classified into four major clustering patterns: lengthening, shortening, lengthen-shortening and shorten-lengthening. Notably, 61.17% of sdAPA events exhibit a "lengthen-shortening" pattern during brain development and aging, exemplified by the gene APP. QTLtools identified cis SNPs within 1 Mb of a 3'UTR associated with differential sdAPA usage (aQTLs), discovering 92,727 lead aQTLs, including the ZNF211, a zinc finger protein associated with schizophrenia. Cross-population comparisons revealed similar sdAPA patterns between EA and EUR, with 17.96% and 17.71% of sdAPA genes associated with the developmental process respectively. EA-specific aQTLs were identified, with 13% altering motifs crucial for APA. Bayesian co-localization identified 27 sdAPA genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic regulation of APA events in developing human brain. The dynamic "lengthening-shortening" pattern observed in a majority of sdAPA events underscores the complexity of post-transcriptional regulation. The co-localization of APA genes with neuropsychiatric disorder risk loci, particularly the identification of aQTLs-specific not associated with eQTLs, suggests a unique role of APA in disease pathogenesis. The population-specific aQTLs imply that genetic diversity in 3'UTR might influence disease susceptibility. These results emphasize the importance of considering developmental stages and genetic diversity in neuropsychiatric research. Nothing to disclose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]