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Compared to inland areas, meteorological stations in the island regions appear scarce and unevenly distributed, which leads to noteworthy uncertainty in detailed characterisation of various meteorological elements. For the Zhoushan Islands, located in Southeast China, there exist many islands and islets, and the local terrain is quite complex. Therefore, different interpolation strategies usually generate diverse gridded results, which largely influence the reliability and accuracy of operational climate monitoring and diagnosing. Under the background of climate change, the Zhoushan region is frequently invaded by cold waves in recent years, so how to scientifically choose an interpolation scheme to reasonably represent spatial distribution characteristics of temperature becomes an important issue in local climate operations. To solve this problem, based on the index of root mean square error (RMSE), the interpolation effect of Ordinary Kriging (OK), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), and ANUSPLIN (ANU) are comparatively analysed for 8 cold wave processes influencing Zhoushan during 2014-2021. Two subdivided indices, i.e., temporal RMSE (TRMSE) and spatial RMSE (SRMSE) are further designed to evaluate the interpolation results on temporal and spatial dimensions respectively. Eleven stations are randomly selected from the total 53 meteorological observational stations to test the interpolation results of OK, IDW, and ANU for the minimum temperature, reduction of daily minimum temperature and daily-mean temperature in the 8 processes. It can be found that the bias in the ANU case is higher than that in the OK and IDW cases. To explain such a phenomenon, 3 interpolation experiments with dense surrounding stations, sparse surrounding stations, and specific distribution of examining stations (all the examining stations are not distributed in the main island of Zhoushan) are further designed. The results demonstrate that the performance of the ANU strategy is closely linked to the spread situation of peripheral stations. When the surrounding stations are concentrated, the interpolation bias of ANU is usually smaller than that of OK and IDW. However, if the surrounding stations appear sparse, the bias of ANU exhibits much larger. In the scenario of dense peripheral stations, regardless of the examining sites distributed over the main island or not, the ANU solution can always get the optimal interpolation results, which implies that the impact of topography on the performance of ANU in temperature interpolation is of less importance. Also, the influence of horizontal resolution for interpolation seems secondary. When the horizontal resolution for three interpolation schemes falls down to 1 km×1 km from 30 m×30 m, the change of RMSE is generally less than 0.1 ℃ for most circumstances, so the impact of interpolation resolution can be neglected.

Inducing an anti-inflammatory response before neurogenesis is crucial in effectively addressing peripheral nerve damage. Herein, we developed shell-core-structured nanofilms (Cur/PLCL@BDNF/CNT) using poly-(l-Lactide)-Caprolactone (PLCL) and curcumin (Cur, an anti-inflammatory agent) as the shell layer, and carbon nanotubes (CNT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, a neurogenic factor) as the core via coaxial electrospinning technology. The resulting Cur/PLCL@BDNF/CNT film exhibited a characteristic fibrous structure with remarkable shell-core architecture, demonstrating unweakened mechanical properties. Notably, it displayed sustained release kinetics with distinct stages: prioritized Cur release within the initial 12 days and delayed BDNF release between 10 to 30 days. Additionally, the Cur/PLCL@BDNF/CNT film demonstrated high biocompatibility with Schwann cells. Subsequent in vitro analysis revealed the potent anti-inflammatory capabilities of the released Cur from the shell layer, while the BDNF released from the core layer effectively induced neurogenic differentiation of Schwann cells. The Cur/PLCL@BDNF/CNT film was rolled into a nerve conduit and then utilized for nerve regeneration in a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defect model. The staged release of Cur and BDNF facilitated by the Cur/PLCL@BDNF/CNT film established an anti-inflammatory microenvironment before initiating nerve regeneration, resulting in better nerve restoration. This study emphasizes the significance of shell-core-structured nanofilms in temporally regulating anti-inflammation and neurogenesis.

Introduction: Urban resilience is suffering from the challenges of climate change. The increasing volatility of climate change and its impact on urban resilience necessitates a deeper understanding of how internal organizational behaviors can contribute toward sustainable city development. Pro-environmental behavior is one of the important methods of affecting climate change and enhancing urban resilience. This study investigates how employee participation in corporate social responsibility activities promotes pro-environmental behavior and its mechanism.Methods: This research was conducted an online survey of 262 employees from 22 industries in mainland China. To mitigate the bias arising from self-reported assessments by the employees, the data were collected at two time points.Results: Empirical research reveals that employee participation in corporate social responsibility is positively related to employee pro-environmental behavior; these empirical findings not only support how psychological ownership mediates the link between corporate social responsibility participation and pro-environmental behavior but also indicate how employee engagement acts as an intermediary mechanism in enhancing this positive association. Moreover, the chain mediation effect of psychological ownership and employee engagement in the positive link between corporate social responsibility participation and pro-environmental behavior is found to be significant.Discussion: These findings not only enrich the effects of the mechanism of corporate social responsibility participation on employee behavior by introducing new theoretical perspectives but also deepen understanding of the antecedents promoting employee pro-environmental behavior, thereby contributing to the improvement of urban resilience in the face of climate change.

Warehousing space layout is crucial for e-commerce logistics. A refined and scientific approach to warehouse design enhances space utilization and operational efficiency. This minimizes unused space and idle time, lowers inventory costs, and strengthens the competitive edge of e-commerce logistics. In this study, we conceptualize the logistics space layout issue as a crate problem, harnessing the rapid optimization capabilities of genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing (SA). We propose a hybrid algorithm where SA forms the core, using GA to generate initial solutions and new iterations. Design parameters for the combined operation process are systematically developed. This algorithm is evaluated using both datasets and real arithmetic cases, demonstrating superior performance in large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. It achieves a search accuracy of 0.5% to 3% higher than GA alone, converging more reliably to the global optimum, thus reducing search time and operational scope. This research offers vital theoretical insights for optimizing space layouts in e-commerce logistics management.

ObjectiveTo realize the dynamic visualization of forensic odontology based on the bibliometrics methods, and capture the research hotspots and identify the future development trend.MethodsLiterature articles published from January 1995 to December 2020 were searched according to specific subject words in the core data set of Web of Science. The visualization analysis of publishing country, institution, discipline, author, co-cited journal and keywords was performed by CiteSpace 5.7.R5W software.ResultsThe annual analysis of publications showed an upward trend of forensic odontology research literature year by year, with the number of annual publications more than 110 in the last five years. Developed countries were the main source of contributions and the average centrality was greater than 0.2. The research of forensic odontology involved multiple disciplines, including stomatology, biology, computer science and medical imaging, with a distinct interdisciplinary feature. A total of 115 nodes were obtained by keyword cluster analysis. The principal line of forensic odontology mainly included individual identification and age estimation and the emergence of hotspots was closely related to new technologies. Population-based odontology investigation, improvement of traditional dental age estimation method and dental age estimation based on new technology were popular research in forensic odontology.ConclusionDeveloping countries urgently need to increase the focus on related research. It may be an important direction for the development of forensic odontology to establish and enrich the regional dental database, develop new odontology identification technology combined with frontier and high-end technology, and develop the identification program based on advanced information technology.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic information of 57 autosomal InDel loci （A-InDels） included in AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit in the Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province and evaluate its application value in forensic medicine.MethodsA total of 200 unrelated healthy individuals from Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province were typing detected by AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit. Allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of the 57 A-InDels were statistically analyzed and compared with the available data of 26 populations.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction, there was no linkage disequilibrium between the 57 A-InDels, and all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Except for rs66595817 and rs72085595, the minor allele frequencies of 55 A-InDels were above 0.3. PIC ranged from 0.298 3 to 0.375 0, CDP was 1-2.974 8×10-24, CPEduo was 0.999 062 660, and CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999. The calculation of the genetic distance showed that Beichuan Qiang population had the closest genetic distances with Beijing Han and South China Han populations, but far away from African populations.ConclusionThe 57 A-InDels in AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit have a good genetic polymorphism in Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province, which can be used as effective supplemental for individual identification and paternity identification in forensic medicine.

This article presents a study on the design of high-speed inter-satellite links for the global navigation satellite system, which consists of 24 middle earth orbit, 3 inclined geosynchronous orbit, 3 geostationary orbit satellites, and 4 typical ground stations based on the laser link of slowly varying continuous system and high-speed Ka link. Pre-allocation of node connections in inter-satellite link construction is conducted by employing the optimized Dijkstra algorithm using finite-state automata. In addition, topological design and routing planning principles are utilized for high-speed inter-satellite links. Based on full constellation orbit data of a regression period and locations of the ground station nodes, an hourly link construction program is obtained using the scheme described above. The calculation result of the position dilution of precision values of all satellites, the average inter-satellite transmission delay, and the inter-satellite link switching meet the requirements of measurement, data transmission, and management for navigation constellation.

BackgroundAccelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) are among the most promising options for next-generation nuclear power systems. Various radionuclides are produced during the process of protons bombarding the target in the ADS, and the cross-sections of various long-lived radionuclides have not been accurately measured. These long-lived nuclides are related to ADS radioactive waste treatment, therefore, accurate evaluation of long-lived radionuclides generated in ADS spallation targets is a key topic in applied research.PurposeThis study aims to determinate production cross-sections of natPb(p,x)207Bi and natPb(p,x)194Hg reactions according to measurement data, and compare them with existing experimental and theoretical results.MethodsThe proton activation method was employed to effectively estimate the cross section of long-lived nuclides produced by the interaction between protons and spallation target materials. Four proton-irradiated natural lead samples were irradiated with protons at energies of 40 MeV, 70 MeV, 100 MeV, and 400 MeV for 90 min, 75 min, 40 min, and 25 min, respectively. After cooling for approximately 20 a, the samples were measured using an ultralow background gamma spectrometer GeTHU in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), and the GeTHU detection efficiency was calculated using the Simulation and Analysis for Germanium Experiments (SAGE) simulation framework. Combined with the irradiation parameters of the samples, the total production cross-sections of the two nuclides were calculated using a cross-section calculation formula. Experimental results are evaluated and compared with those of existing studies.ResultsThe production cross-sections of natPb(p,x)207Bi reaction in the natural lead samples irradiated by protons with four different energies (40 MeV, 70 MeV, 100 MeV and 400 MeV) are calculated as (40.70±3.59) mb, (19.31±1.43) mb, (13.15±0.96) mb, and (2.90±0.22) mb, respectively. The calculated production cross-section of natPb(p,x)194Hg reaction in the natural lead sample irradiated by protons with an energy of 400 MeV is (57.07±7.83) mb. Based on the same samples, the measurement results of cross-section remain consistent within the error range. The cross-sections of natPb(p, x)207Bi are closer to TENDL's evaluated cross-sections. The cross-section of natPb(p, x)194Hg is consistent with the theoretical expectation of INCL++/ABLA. In addition, different sources that contribute to the total uncertainty of both reactions are explained in detail.ConclusionsThe production cross-sections of natPb(p,x)207Bi and natPb(p,x)194Hg reactions measured herein were calculated independently and showed good agreement with existing results. These results demonstrate that GeTHU is capable of measuring low-activity and long-lived radionuclides in the CJPL. Finally, the results of this study also provide the latest experimental evidence for the evaluation of radioactive waste in ADS.

Objective To determine the asymmetry in the paraspinal muscle before pregnancy and evaluate its association with pregnancy‐associated lumbopelvic pain (LPP). Methods This was a prospective case–control study conducted from January 2017 and December 2018. A total of 171 subjects (mean age ± SD, 27.4 ± 5.8 years) were finally divided into the LBP group, PGP group, and no LPP group. Each subject was asked to follow a standardized clinical imaging protocol before the pregnancy. The area of muscles (multifidus, erector spinae, and psoas muscles) on the axial slice at mid‐disc of L4–L5 and L5–S1 were segmented and then the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of a particular muscle was measured by outlining the innermost fascial border surrounding each muscle. The mean value of F‐CSA's ratio to T‐CSA (F/T CSA) was used to determine whether the bilateral paraspinal muscle was asymmetrical. Total muscle CSA (T‐CSA) represents the sum of CSA of interested three muscles. The signal intensity can distinguish fat and muscle tissue in a different range. Based on this, functional CSA (F‐CSA), represented by fat‐free area, was evaluated quantitively by excluding the signal of the deposits of intramuscular fat. Total muscle CSA (T‐CSA), functional CSA (F‐CSA), and the ratio of F‐CSA to T‐CSA (F/T CSA) were measured unilaterally and compared between groups. Logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors for pregnancy‐associated LPP. The Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to test the relationship between asymmetry in F/T‐CSA and pain rating. Results A total of 124 subjects (72.5%) (28.5 ± 5.2 years) had LPP during pregnancy. Forty‐eight (38.7%) individuals had low back pain (LBP) and 76 (61.3%) had pelvic girdle pain (PGP). Seventy‐six women (44.4%) were determined to have asymmetry in paraspinal muscle according to the definition in this methods section. The duration of follow‐up was 24 months postpartum. A total of 39 (31.5%) women unrecovered from LPP. F/T‐CSA was significantly decreased for LBP in the PGP group than in the and control group (0.03 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.03 vs 0.12 ± 0.05, P 0.05). Asymmetry in the paraspinal muscle (adjusted OR = 1.5), LBP (adjusted OR = 1.6), LPP in a previous pregnancy (adjusted OR = 1.4), sick leave ≥90 days (adjusted OR = 1.2), and heavy labor (adjusted OR = 1.2) were risk factors for the unrecovered LPP during pregnancy. Conclusions Asymmetrical muscular compositions could lead to abnormal biomechanics for the segmental motions. Lateral‐directed physical training and stretching may help decrease the occurrence and severity of this condition.

China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) has the deepest rock overburden in the world, which considerably shields the detectors from muons. Thus, it has ultra-low radiation background level and is useful for experiments investigating rare physical events. Previously, experiments including the CDEX (China Dark matter EXperiment), PandaX (Particle and Astrophysical Xenon Experiments), JUNA (Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics Experiment), and neutrino experiment have been carried out at CJPL and have given good results in dark matter detection, neutrinoless double beta decay, and more. This review introduces the construction process of CJPL, and introduces the facilities, results, and future plans of the aforementioned experiments. The CDEX used a high-purity germanium detector array for the dark matter detection and neutrinoless double-beta decay searches; whereas, for the same searches, PandaX used a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber detector. A proton and helium accelerator was used by JUNA to simulate four nuclear reactions that occur in the Universe. A 103-kg prototype was constructed for feasibility verification by the neutrino experiment. The CDEX, PandaX, and JUNA collaboration groups give their latest results, all of which have approached or replaced the best results in the world. These experiments verify the extraordinary experimental conditions at CJPL. With the construction of CJPL-II, we expect an increase in the number of experiments based in Jinping and for further significant results to be achieved.

The need for straighter bar products continues to increase with the development of production automation technologies and increasing user requirements, and bar manufacturers have set higher requirements for the bar finishing process. The two-roll straightening machine has become the key equipment of the bar finishing line, and its process directly relates to the quality of the final product. The traditional bar straightening technology is based on the theory of primary bending of bars, and by controlling the degree of plastic deformation, the straightening process of bars can be roughly established, but this is not suitable for high-precision straightening. In this study, to obtain the variation law of each curvature in the cross-roll straightening process of bars, a one-time bendingspring calculation model of the bar was realized by applying the spring back theory of small curvature plane bending and the bendingspring back curvature equation. Based on the principle of bending once per half rotation and by considering the residual curvature of the last bending as the original curvature of the next bending, the bending-spring model of the whole two-bar straightening process was established. The evolution of the original curvature, bending curvature, spring curvature, and residual curvature of the whole straightening process were obtained, and then the final residual curvature of the bar was obtained. The theoretical model was used to calculate the production process, and the results are consistent with the field results, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical model. Based on the established theoretical model, the straightening process was analyzed under different diameters, different material yield strengths, and different original deflections, and the deformation law of straightening process under different incoming parameters was obtained. The model can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design and process parameter calculation of the two-roll straightening machine.

The coherent lance technology is widely used in the electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process.It achieves a better metallurgical effect compared with the conventional supersonic lance technology.Herein, to further improve the stirring ability of the coherent lance, the effects of shrouding nozzle arrangement on the flow field and stirring ability of coherent jet were analyzed under two environment temperatures.Based on the results of the numerical simulation and combustion experiment, the characteristics of axial velocity and total temperature distributions has been introduced for researching the impaction ability of coherent jet using various shrouding nozzle arrangements.The appropriate simulation model was built by testing three types of mesh levels.The eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model and chemical kinetic mechanism were adopted to represent the combustion reactions of the O2-CH4jet flame in the numerical simulation process.Resultsreveals that the numerical simulation data shows good agreement with combustion experiment.The initial velocity at the exit of main oxygen Laval nozzle does not change with different shrouding nozzle arrangements.With increase in the distance between the main oxygen and shrouding nozzles, the length of the velocity potential core first increases and then reduces.Moreover, all shrouding nozzle arrangements increase the length of velocity potential core.

The status of development on anode materials for lithium ion batteries in recent years were summarized,focusing on the preparation methods, characteristics, problems and improvement ways of tin-based oxide, tin-based composite oxide, tin-based alloy and tin-based composite, respectively. It indicates that a single approach is difficult to comprehensively improve the performance of the tin-based materials, and an integrated application of various methods such as optimizing the structure, controlling components of the materials, incorporating matrix into the tin-based materials as well as optimizing the reducing agent, binder and electrolyte additives can improve the electrochemical performance of the anode materials. Finally, the research trend in tin-based anode materials is prospected,and also it is pointed out that the tin-based composite materials with graphene as matrix may be one of the most promising research directions for future.

Blast furnace slag, tailing and coal fly ash were used as starting materials for preparing glass-ceramics by the sintering method based on their characteristics and without adding any other nucleating and chemical agents. The effects of CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and crystallization temperature on the crystaltransition, crystallization behavior and main mechanical properties of slag glass-ceramics with 10% Al2O3were systematically investigated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. When the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio increases, the crystallization activation energy decreases, the Si-O tetrahedral bonding strength decreases, the particle movement strengthens, and the crystallization onset temperature and the crystallization temperature decrease. The glass samples with a CaO/SiO2 mass ratio of 0.4, sintered at 886℃ for 1 h as a nucleation process and at 982℃ for 1 h as a crystalli-zation process, possess the best performance with the bending strength of 103.59 MPa, the microhardness of 5.3 GPa and the acid and alkali resistances of 0.25% and 〈 0.1% (mass loss rate) respectively. Moreover, the major phase of the glass ceramics is diopside.