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In mountain ranges, crustal-scale faults localize multiple episodes of deformation. It is therefore common to observe current or past geothermal systems along these structures. Understanding the fluid circulation channelized in fault zones is essential to characterize the thermochemical evolution of associated hydrothermal systems. We present a study of a palaeo-system of the Pic de Port Vieux thrust fault. This fault is a second-order thrust associated with the Gavarnie thrust in the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees. The study focused on phyllosilicates which permit the constraint of the evolution of temperature and redox of fluids at the scale of the fault system. Combined X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) on synkinematic chlorite, closely linked to microstructural observations, were performed in both the core and damage zones of the fault zone. Regardless of the microstructural position, chlorite from the damage zone contains iron and magnesium (Fetotal / (Fetotal + Mg) about 0.4), with Fe3+ accounting for about 30 % of the total iron. Chlorite in the core zone is enriched in total iron, but individual Fe3+/Fetotal ratios range from 15 % to 40 %, depending on the microstructural position of the grain. Homogeneous temperature conditions about 280–290 °C have been obtained by chlorite thermometry. A scenario is proposed for the evolution of fluid–rock interaction conditions at the scale of the fault zone. It involves the circulation of a single hydrothermal fluid with homogeneous temperature but several redox properties. A highly reducing fluid evolves due to redox reactions involving progressive dissolution of hematite, accompanied by crystallization of Fe2+-rich and Fe3+-rich chlorite in the core zone. This study shows the importance of determining the redox state of iron in chlorite to calculate their temperature of formations and to consider the fluid evolution at the scale of a fault.

Background: Polypharmacy and risk of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in older adult are being continuously increased. Including a primary care pharmacist (PCP) in the healthcare team is associated with lower rates of medication-related problems (MRPs). Objectives: To determine the impact (in terms of variation of PIP, MRPs and polymedication) of treatment reviews (TR) carried out by the PCP by comparing two cohorts: standard TR vs coordinated TR with prescribing General Practitioners (GP). To assess possible health outcomes in both groups 6 months post-TR. Methods: This is an observational study of two retrospective cohorts (2018 to 2020). All patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed. Patients ≥65 years, who underwent complete TR by the PCP were included. Patients in a situation of exitus at the time of TR and those who underwent a partial TR were excluded. Control group cohort consisted of patients who underwent standard TR, and intervention group cohort consisted of those who underwent TR coordinated with GP. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables were analyzed. Results: 181 patients were enrolled. Mean age 84.4 ± 7.2 years, 78.5% women. Variables (GP-coordinated vs standard TRs) pre-post: decrease in drugs/patient 1.9 (95%CI: 1.4–2.4) vs 0.6 (95%CI: 0.2–1.3), p

ABSTRACT: The effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the constituents and coagulation ability and their effect on cheese production of sheep milk have not been studied in detail. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing on the coagulation kinetics and physicochemical properties of sheep milk and to explore how such treatment could improve the cheesemaking process. Five batches of milk were tested: 1 untreated control batch and 4 batches each subjected to a different pressure (150, 300, 450, or 600 MPa) for 5 min at 10°C. As treatment pressure increased, values of electrical conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential were found to decrease. However, no significant reduction in pH was recorded. Treatment pressures >300 MPa produced milk with lower lightness (luminosity) and a more yellow and green hue. Pressures >150 MPa resulted in micellar fragmentation, as well as significant increases in particle size, viscosity, and water-holding capacity as a consequence of the denaturing of soluble proteins. High-pressure treatments increased the solubility of colloidal calcium phosphate, leading to a considerable increase in the concentration of minerals in the serum phase. The highest concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the rennet whey of milk were reached at 300 MPa. Curd coagulation time was reduced by 28% at pressures >300 MPa, and an increase in the curd firming rate was observed. As treatment pressure increased to 450 MPa, the firmness, elasticity, and the percentage creep recovery of gels increased, whereas values of compliance and fracture strain were reduced. Thus, we can conclude that 300 MPa is the optimum treatment pressure for milk intended for cheesemaking by enzymatic coagulation. This pressure produced milk with optimal coagulation kinetics and water-holding properties with the least loss of fat and protein to the whey.

Abstract Iberian pigs and its crosses are produced to obtain high-quality meat products. The objective of this work was to evaluate a wide panel of DNA markers, selected by biological and functional criteria, for association with traits related to muscle growth, fatness, meat quality and metabolism. We used 18 crossbred Iberian pigs with divergent postnatal growth patterns for whole genome sequencing and SNP discovery, with over 13 million variants being detected. We selected 1023 missense SNPs located on annotated genes and showing different allele frequencies between pigs with makerdly different growth patterns. We complemented this panel with 192 candidate SNPs obtained from literature mining and from muscle RNAseq data. The selected markers were genotyped in 480 Iberian × Duroc pigs from a commercial population, in which phenotypes were obtained, and an association study was performed for the 1005 successfully genotyped SNPs showing segregation. The results confirmed the effects of several known SNPs in candidate genes (such as LEPR, ACACA, FTO, LIPE or SCD on fatness, growth and fatty acid composition) and also disclosed interesting effects of new SNPs in less known genes such as LRIG3, DENND1B, SOWAHB, EPHX1 or NFE2L2 affecting body weight, average daily gain and adiposity at different ages, or KRT10, NLE1, KCNH2 or AHNAK affecting fatness and FA composition. The results provide a valuable basis for future implementation of marker-assisted selection strategies in swine and contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architecture of relevant traits.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary free fatty acid (FFA) content and the degree of saturation on egg quality, yolk fatty acid (FA) profile, and yolk cholesterol content. For a 15-wk period, a total of 144 laying hens (19-wk-old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatments arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, with 2 sources of crude oil (soybean oil and palm oil) and 4 levels of FFA (10, 20, 30, and 45%). The dietary treatments were achieved by progressively substituting the original oils with equivalent amounts of their corresponding acid oils (soybean acid oil and palm fatty acid distillate, respectively). No differences in ADFI or egg mass were found. However, dietary FFA reduced egg production (linear, P < 0.05) and increased the feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05). Higher levels of FFA in soybean diets resulted in higher egg weight with higher albumen and yolk weights (linear, P < 0.01). Palm diets presented higher yolk:albumen ratio than soybean diets (P < 0.001), but the effect of FFA did not follow a linear trend. Hens fed soybean diets laid eggs with higher Haugh units (HU) than palm diets (P < 0.001), although increasing the dietary FFA% reduced the HU values in both (linear, P < 0.001). Palm diets enhanced shell quality with greater resistance to breakage, and higher dry matter and ash content than soybean diets (P < 0.05). No differences in egg chemical composition and yolk cholesterol content were found (P > 0.05). The saturation degree had a significant effect on all the analyzed yolk FA (P < 0.001) except for arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), whereas increasing the FFA content did not affect to a great extent. These results show that varying dietary FFA level did not affect egg quality and yolk composition as much as the dietary fat source did, supporting the use of acid oils and fatty acid distillates as fat ingredients for feed.

The objective of this study is to describe the frequency and the clinical, paraclinical, and treatment profile of patients with lupus psychosis in a Colombian cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This retrospective cohort study evaluated epidemiological and clinical characteristics, results of neuroimaging, analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid, treatment, and disease evolution in patients with lupus psychosis. Among 2,479 patients with SLE, six female patients aged between 20 and 50 years with a diagnosis of lupus psychosis were identified. In two patients, psychosis was present at disease onset and in the other four, SLE was already present, although the majority of them were diagnosed less than two years prior to the onset of psychosis. The entire cohort had high disease activity as measured by SLEDAI-2K. We found concomitant cutaneous, joint, and hematological alterations. Cerebrospinal fluid data were obtained in half of the patients and were normal. We performed brain tomography on most of our patients, which was almost always described as normal. In 5 out of 6 patients, the induction therapy to treat psychosis was based on steroids, and in the majority of them, a resolution of psychiatric symptoms was observed after initiating treatment. Lupus psychosis is a rare event that usually occurs early in the course of the disease and is associated with other manifestations of SLE. This investigation mainly found concomitant cutaneous, joint, and hematological manifestations, with a favorable outcome after treatment, as described in the literature.

Abstract The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a nidus for neurodegenerative pathologies and therefore an important region in which to study polypathology. We investigated associations between neurodegenerative pathologies and the thickness of different MTL subregions measured using high-resolution post-mortem MRI. Tau, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), amyloid-β and α-synuclein pathology were rated on a scale of 0 (absent)—3 (severe) in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (ERC) of 58 individuals with and without neurodegenerative diseases (median age 75.0 years, 60.3% male). Thickness measurements in ERC, Brodmann Area (BA) 35 and 36, parahippocampal cortex, subiculum, cornu ammonis (CA)1 and the stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare (SRLM) were derived from 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm3 post-mortem MRI scans of excised MTL specimens from the contralateral hemisphere using a semi-automated approach. Spearman’s rank correlations were performed between neurodegenerative pathologies and thickness, correcting for age, sex and hemisphere, including all four proteinopathies in the model. We found significant associations of (1) TDP-43 with thickness in all subregions (r = − 0.27 to r = − 0.46), and (2) tau with BA35 (r = − 0.31) and SRLM thickness (r = − 0.33). In amyloid-β and TDP-43 negative cases, we found strong significant associations of tau with ERC (r = − 0.40), BA35 (r = − 0.55), subiculum (r = − 0.42) and CA1 thickness (r = − 0.47). This unique dataset shows widespread MTL atrophy in relation to TDP-43 pathology and atrophy in regions affected early in Braak stageing and tau pathology. Moreover, the strong association of tau with thickness in early Braak regions in the absence of amyloid-β suggests a role of Primary Age-Related Tauopathy in neurodegeneration.

Existe abundante legislación de carácter internacional y nacional que requiere incluir la perspectiva de género en la educación superior. Esta legislación viene motivada por la demanda social de evitar perpetuar la desigualdad de género. El objetivo de esta investigación es poner el foco en los estudios de economía y empresa en una universidad española a través de un análisis de sus actividades y contenido desde una perspectiva de género. En concreto se examinan los planes docentes, los referentes académicos y se realiza un análisis cualitativo de las opiniones del estudiantado a través de grupos de discusión de estudiantes que estan cursando los dos últimos cursos del grado. Los resultados muestran cómo la perspectiva de género está presente de manera anécdotica en los contenidos académicos y que tanto los referentes bibliográficos como las figuras de poder son principalmente autores hombres, perpetuando la imagen de que el conocimiento reside en la figura masculina. El estudiantado revela un grado considerable de desconocimiento de las causas y consecuencias de las desigualdades de género que les incapacita para formar una visión crítica de la economía y la sociedad. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de analizar aspectos relacionados con la traslación de la normativa vigente a las universidades.

Abstract Despite their recognised role in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC), the composition, localisation and functional orientation of immune cells within tumour microenvironment, as well as its dynamics during anti-HER2 treatment, is largely unknown. We here investigate changes in tumour-immune contexture, as assessed by stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) and by multiplexed spatial cellular phenotyping, during treatment with lapatinib-trastuzumab in HER2+ BC patients (PAMELA trial). Moreover, we evaluate the relationship of tumour-immune contexture with hormone receptor status, intrinsic subtype and immune-related gene expression. sTIL levels increase after 2 weeks of HER2 blockade in HR-negative disease and HER2-enriched subtype. This is linked to a concomitant increase in cell density of all four immune subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, Foxp3+). Moreover, immune contexture analysis showed that immune cells spatially interacting with tumour cells have the strongest association with response to anti-HER2 treatment. Subsequently, sTILs consistently decrease at the surgery in patients achieving pathologic complete response, whereas most residual tumours at surgery remain inflamed, possibly reflecting a progressive loss of function of T cells. Understanding the features of the resulting tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment has crucial implications for the design of new strategies to de-escalate or escalate systemic therapy in early-stage HER2+ BC.

Introduction Pregnancy has sociocultural implications that lead to conceiving it depending on the cultural context (Noguera & Rodríguez, 2008). Self-care is a cultural practice associated with the well-being of mother and child during pregnancy (Carmona, Hurtado and Marín 2007). Being relative to culture, self-care varies according to current beliefs. Beliefs are the concretion of a way of thinking about the environment that surrounds us (Peirce, 1903). Objectives Analyze the beliefs of women from a population group in Montería, about pregnancy and its implications regarding self-care in eating. Methods Qualitative approach. Sources: primary. Sample: due to saturation, 15 pregnant women assigned to the Mocarí neighborhood hospital in Montería. Instrument: semi-structured open interview. The information was processed through AtlasTi, implementing content analysis. Emerging categories: contents, routines in food. Results Main belief: food affects the well-being of mother and child. It is adequate or inappropriate depending on categories such as content and routines. The former refer to the food consumed, the latter indicate the times of consumption. Conclusions Beliefs about pregnancy operate as generators of mental habits, projected wishes and concrete actions. Therefore, they are an important starting point for the implementation of self-care practices at the institutional level. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction According to the World Health Organization (2016), adolescence is one of the most important transitional steps in the life of a human being, recognized by an accelerated rate of growth and changes in behavior. Adolescents from Colombia have reached this step, immersed in a context with a history of social, interpersonal and economic violence. In this sense, study of constructs such as empathy and aggressive behaviors are crucial to appease a healthy school coexistence and thus, contribute to a peace cultur Objectives Analyze the relationship between empathy and aggressive levels from adolescents. Methods This study was done through a cross-sectional study of correlational scope in 240 (N= 240) students. The Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire developed by Martorell and Gonzalez (1922) and the Aggressive questionnaire, developed by Buss and Perry (1992) were applied. The first one was used to measure empathy and the latter to appraise aggressiveness. Results There was evidenced of adequate levels of empathy and a great percentage of medium levels of verbal and physical aggressiveness. (Graph 1). In addition, there was a significant statistical correlation of negative magnitude between these variables (Table 1). Conclusions It was concluded that the higher the optimal levels of empathy, the lower the aggressive behavior presented by teenagers. Disclosure No significant relationships.

The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze how a group of prospective teachers create problems to develop proportional reasoning either freely or from a given situation across different contexts, and the difficulties they encounter. Additionally, it identifies their beliefs about what constitutes a good problem and assesses whether these beliefs are reflected in their problem creation. This is a descriptive-qualitative study that utilizes theoretical and methodological tools from the Onto-semiotic Approach in the content analysis of participants' responses. The results indicate that the prospective teachers' beliefs about what makes a good problem do not always manifest in their practice. The prospective teachers faced challenges in inventing problems that meet the established didactic-mathematical purpose, related to insufficient didactic-mathematical knowledge of proportional reasoning, achieving better outcomes in the arithmetic context and in free creation.

Low protein diets supplied during the growing period of pigs can diminish their growth rate and increase the intramuscular fat (IMF) content which affects the sensorial and technological characteristics of the products. In the present study, the effects of a low protein diet supplied during the growing period of Duroc × Iberian crossbred pigs on several phenotypic traits and on liver and longissimus dorsi transcriptome were analysed at the beginning (EARLY) and at the end (LATE) of the growing period. Two experimental groups of 10 crossbred pigs each were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein content: control diet (C) with 16.5% protein and 0.8% lysine and low protein diet (LP) with 11% CP and 0.6% lysine. Animals fed LP diet have a slower growth than those fed C diet, but no effect of LP diet was observed on the IMF content. The transcriptomes of liver and longissimus dorsi were characterised and quantified through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). In liver, 134 and 480 differentially expressed annotated genes and new isoforms (DEGs) were detected between C and LP diets for EARLY and LATE animals, respectively. In muscle, 128 and 68 DEGs were detected at EARLY and LATE time-points. Functional interpretation revealed that LP diet may inhibit immune system molecules and processes in both tissues at EARLY stage. In liver, the DEGs mainly affect lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes, while in muscle, the expression changes would be involved in growth, development and meat quality. In conclusion, a low protein diet supplied during the growing period seems to slow down the growth of Duroc × Iberian crossbred pigs, but it also seems to affect multiple biological processes that could compromise the immune system of Duroc × Iberian crossbred pigs. Therefore, these results question the adequacy of this type of regime in Duroc × Iberian pigs that must be studied in greater depth before being implemented.

The potential use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in biomedicine as magnetic resonance, drug delivery, imagenology, hyperthermia, biosensors, and biological separation has been studied in different laboratories. One of the challenges on MNP elaboration for biological applications is the size, biocompatibility, heat efficiency, stabilization in physiological conditions, and surface coating. Magnetoliposome (ML), a lipid bilayer of phospholipids encapsulating MNPs, is a system used to reduce toxicity. Encapsulated MNPs can be used as a potential drug and a gene delivery system, and in the presence of magnetic fields, MLs can be accumulated in a target tissue by a strong gradient magnetic field. Here, we present a study of the effects of DC magnetic fields on encapsulated MNPs inside liposomes. Despite their widespread applications in biotechnology and environmental, biomedical, and materials science, the effects of magnetic fields on MLs are unclear. We use a modified coprecipitation method to synthesize superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SNPs) in aqueous solutions. The SNPs are encapsulated inside phospholipid liposomes to study the interaction between phospholipids and SNPs. Material characterization of SNPs reveals round-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 12 nm, mainly magnetite. MLs were prepared by the rehydration method. After formation, we found two types of MLs: one type is tense with SNPs encapsulated and the other is a floppy vesicle that does not show the presence of SNPs. To study the response of MLs to an applied DC magnetic field, we used a homemade chamber. Digitalized images show encapsulated SNPs assembled in chain formation when a DC magnetic field is applied. When the magnetic field is switched off, it completely disperses SNPs. Floppy MLs deform along the direction of the external applied magnetic field. Solving the relevant magnetostatic equations, we present a theoretical model to explain the ML deformations by analyzing the forces exerted by the magnetic field over the surface of the spheroidal liposome. Tangential magnetic forces acting on the ML surface result in a press force deforming MLs. The type of deformations will depend on the magnetic properties of the mediums inside and outside the MLs. The model predicts a coexistence region of oblate–prolate deformation in the zone where χ = 1. We can understand the chain formation in terms of a dipole–dipole interaction of SNP.

Approximately two-thirds of Latinx college students attend Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs). Despite the growing number of HSIs, these institutions often fail to result in better educational outcomes and success for Latinx students. As such, more research is needed to explore factors that may hinder HSIs in their ability to support Latinx students. Whiteness--defined as the invasive system of White supremacy that permeates society--is systemically embedded throughout higher educational systems. However, little research has explored the specific ways that whiteness may influence the construction and maintenance of HSIs by senior administrators, staff, and faculty. To address this gap, the present study centered theories from critical whiteness studies (Nayak, 2007) and Garcia's (2018) decolonizing HSIs organizational framework to assess how whiteness operates at a recently designated HSI. We used a critical qualitative case study design that included thematic analysis of 14 student affairs staff, faculty, and senior administrator interviews and document analysis of public-facing institutional materials. Results indicated three predominant themes related to how whiteness is maintained by senior administrators, staff, and faculty, including "the rhetoric of all as a tool of White appeasement, the taxation of bodies of people of color," and "whiteness through good intentions." The study concludes with recommendations for identifying and disrupting whiteness at HSIs, including specific recommendations at the individual and institutional levels.

Abstract Background Bone metastasis (BM) is the most common site of disease in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. BM impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We tested prospectively the psychometric properties of the Bone Metastasis Quality of Life (BOMET-QoL-10) measure on MBC patients with BM. Methods Patients completed the BOMET-QoL-10 questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, and a self-perceived health status item at baseline and at follow-up visits. We performed psychometric tests and calculated the effect size of specific BM treatment on patients´ HRQoL. Results Almost 70% of the 172 patients reported symptoms, 23.3% experienced irruptive pain, and over half were receiving chemotherapy. BOMET-QoL-10 proved to be a quick assessment tool performing well in readability and completion time (about 10 min) with 0–1.2% of missing/invalid data. Although BOMET-QoL-10 scores remained fairly stable during study visits, differences were observed for patient subgroups (e.g., with or without skeletal-related events or adverse effects). Scores were significantly correlated with physician-reported patient status, patient-reported pain, symptoms, and perceived health status. BOMET-QoL-10 scores also varied prospectively according to changes in pain intensity. Conclusions BOMET-QoL-10 performed well as a brief, easy-to-administer, useful, and sensitive HRQoL measure for potential use for clinical practice with MBC patients. Trial registration NCT03847220. Retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (February the 20th 2019).

As recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), optimal management of MDR-TB cases can be ensured by a multi-speciality consultation body known as ‘TB Consilium’. This body usually includes different medical specialities, competences and perspectives (e.g., clinical expertise both for adults and children; surgical, radiological and public health expertise; psychological background and nursing experience, among others), thus lowering the risk of making mistakes – or managing the patients inappropriately, in order to improve their clinical outcomes.At present, several high MDR-TB burden countries in the different WHO regions (and beyond) have introduced TB Consilium-like bodies at the national or subnational level to reach consensus on the best treatment approach for their patients affected by TB.In addition, in countries/settings where a formal system of consultation does not exist, specialized staff from MDR-TB reference centres or international organizations usually spend a considerable amount of their working time responding to phone or e-mail clinical queries on how to manage M/XDR-TB cases.The aim of this manuscript is to describe the different experiences with the TB Consilia both at the international level (European Respiratory Society – ERS/WHO TB Consilium) and in some of the countries where this experience operates successfully in Europe and beyond. The Consilium experiences are described around the following topics: (1) history, aims and focus; (2) management and funding; (3) technical functioning and structure; (4) results achieved.In addition a comparative analysis of the TB Consilia in the different countries has been performed. Keywords: MDR-TB, XDR-TB, Clinical management, Drug resistance, Prevention, Consilium

Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth cause of global death, more than any other infectious disease. With growing drug resistance the epidemic remains and will require significant attention and investment for the elimination of this disease to occur. With susceptible TB treatment not changing over the last four decades and the advent of drug resistance, new drugs and regimens are required.Recently, through greater collaboration and research networks some progress with significant advances has taken place, not withstanding the comparatively low amount of resources invested. Of late the availability of the new drugs bedaquiline, delamanid and repurposed drugs linezolid, clofazimine and carbapenems are being used more frequently in drug-resistant TB regimens.The WHO shorter multidrug-resistant tuberculosis regimen promises to reach more patients and treat them more quickly and more cheaply.With this new enthusiasm and hope we this review gives an update on the new drugs and perspectives for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis. Keywords: Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid, MDR, XDR-TB, TB

The risk of exposure, progression to active tuberculosis (TB) and then to cure is a process affected by several risk factors. Along with well known risk factors such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), use of immunosuppressive drugs and being of young age, emerging risk factors such socio-economic and behavioral aspects play a significant role in increasing the susceptibility to infection, and unsuccessful treatment outcomes. This paper summarizes the effects of these socio-economic determinants and co-morbidities (including HIV) on TB infection and disease. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Socio-economic determinants, HIV, Poverty, Alcohol, Tobacco, Homeless, Malnutrition, Undernutrition, Overcrowding

La atención a la evacuación del agua de lluvia y a la protección de la estructura ante los agentes meteorológicos ha dado lugar a un conjunto de propuestas de estructuras desplegables de aspas sobre planta rectangular en las que estas estructuras definen limas y faldones de pendiente suficiente. El trabajo parte de la resolución del trazado de estructuras desplegables de aspas planas simétricas y base cuadrangular con directriz quebrada, garantizándose el correcto funcionamiento cinemático mediante la construcción de modelos. Se estudian desplegables con directrices poligonales, curvas compuestas y también combinaciones de curvas y rectas. Se repasan los problemas de estabilización de la solución en el estado desplegado, incorporando la cobertura textil y cables de arriostramiento. Finalmente se desarrollan y analizan geométrica y cinemáticamente una serie de propuestas con superficies de intradós y extradós diferentes y otro grupo de ellas en las que los sentidos de despliegue no siguen los ejes del recinto a cubrir.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of pig, ovine, bovine and hen excreta on biogas production and in vitro methane. Five kg of fresh excreta from cattle, sheep, pigs and hen was used. Each excreta were mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 4. Subsequently, 600 ml of the mixture was poured into bottles of 1-liter nominal capacity, sealed hermetically and kept at 39-40 °C. The total gas production and methane was evaluated. The highest (P

The aim of this work was to relate the concepts of sustainability and administration of agricultural systems for decision making for the benefit of agribusiness. The main aspects related to sustainability in these systems were defined. This allowed valuating administration variants in agricultural systems from the productive, social, environmental and economic point of view. It is concluded that the variant called Integral Control Panel is a very useful control tool for sustainable management in agricultural systems. In addition, questions were raised that indicate that the study of other integral administrative variants in these systems is deepened.

Slaughter is a crucial step in the meat production chain that could induce psychological stress on each animal, resulting in a physiological response that can differ among individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between an animal’s emotional state, the subsequent psychological stress at slaughter and the cellular damage as an effect. In all, 36 entire male pigs were reared at an experimental farm and a cognitive bias test was used to classify them into positive bias (PB) or negative bias (NB) groups depending on their decision-making capabilities. Half of the animals, slaughtered in the same batch, were used for a complete study of biomarkers of stress, including brain neurotransmitters and some muscle biomarkers of oxidative stress. After slaughter, specific brain areas were excised and the levels of catecholamines (noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA)) and indoleamines (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and serotonin (5HT)) were analyzed. In addition, muscle proteasome activity (20S), antioxidant defence (total antioxidant activity (TAA)), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation (LPO)) and autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein I light chain 3 (LC3-I) and LC3-II) were monitored during early postmortem maturation (0 to 24 h). Compared with PB animals, NB pigs were more susceptible to stress, showing higher 5HT levels (P

Aged black garlic (ABG) exerts metabolic and cardiovascular beneficial effects. The aim of this work was to analyse the in vitro cardiovascular effects of an ABG extract enriched in S-allyl-cysteine and polyphenols (ABG10+) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Hearts were pre-treated either with ABG10+ or vehicle and subjected to 30 min ischaemia followed by 45 min reperfusion (IR) using the Langendorff technique. Segments of aorta and tail artery were used for inflammation/oxidative stress and vascular reactivity experiments respectively in presence/absence of ABG10+. ABG10+ induced a nitric oxide (NO) dependent vasodilating effect in tail artery segments and directly increased the release of NO in aorta segments. In the heart, ABG10+ induced a relaxing effect on coronary arteries before and after IR and prevented the IR induced decrease in myocardial contractility. Functional changes were associated with increased expression of both pro- and antioxidant and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in the myocardium and in aorta.

Land degradation affects 10–20 % of drylands globally. Intensive land use and management, large-scale disturbances such as extractive operations, and global climate change, have contributed to degradation of these systems worldwide. Restoring these damaged environments is critical to improving ecosystem services and functions, conserve biodiversity, and contribute to climate resilience, food security, and landscape sustainability. Here, we present a case study on plant species of the mining intensive semi-arid Pilbara region in Western Australia that examines the effects of climate and soil factors on the restoration of drylands. We analysed the effects of a range of rainfall and temperature scenarios and the use of alternative soil materials on seedling recruitment of key native plant species from this area. Experimental studies were conducted in controlled environment facilities where conditions simulated those found in the Pilbara. Soil from topsoil (T) stockpiles and waste materials (W) from an active mine site were mixed at different proportions (100 % T, 100 % W, and two mixes of topsoil and waste at 50 : 50 and 25 : 75 ratios) and used as growth media. Our results showed that seedling recruitment was highly dependent on soil moisture and emergence was generally higher in the topsoil, which had the highest available water content. In general, responses to the climate scenarios differed significantly among the native species which suggest that future climate scenarios of increasing drought might affect not only seedling recruitment but also diversity and structure of native plant communities. The use of waste materials from mining operations as growth media could be an alternative to the limited topsoil. However, in the early stages of plant establishment successful seedling recruitment can be challenging in the absence of water. These limitations could be overcome by using soil amendments but the cost associated to these solutions at large landscape scales needs to be assessed and proven to be economically feasible.

Simple, robust, sensitive and low-cost all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) are of interest in different fields, such as medicine, veterinary, water treatment, food control, environmental and pollution monitoring, security, etc. as a replacement for traditional ion-selective electrodes with liquid inner contact. In spite of their potential advantages, SCISEs remain mainly in the research laboratories. With the motivation of developing simple and low-cost SCISEs with possible commercial applications, we report a comparison study of six different commercial conducting materials, namely, polypyrrole-block-polycaprolactone (PPy-b-PCaprol), graphene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) ink, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polyethylenglycol (PEDOT:PEG), high conductivity PEDOT:PSS, polyethylenimine (PEI) with PEDOT:PSS for their possible use as ion-to-electron transducer in polyurethane based pH-SCISEs. Among all studied pH-SCISES, PEDOT:PEG based electrodes exhibited the best results in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility and lifetime. Finally, these sensors were tested in different real samples showing good accuracy.

Spin-orbit interactions allow for pure spin current to be injected into a ferromagnetic insulator from a current-carrying heavy metal, generating torque on the magnetization. Here, the authors evidence magnetic auto-oscillations driven by spin-orbit torque in thin film microdiscs of yttrium iron garnet.

Aim The objective of this study was to assess the capacity of beta-tricalcium phosphate to facilitate bone formation in the socket and prevent post-extraction alveolar resorption. Materials and methods After premolar extraction in 16 patients, the sockets were filled with beta-tricalcium phosphate. Six months later, during the implant placement surgery, a trephine was used to harvest the bone samples which were processed for histological and histomorphometrical analyses. Data were gathered on patient, clinical, histological and histomorphometric variables at the extraction and implant placement sessions, using data collection forms and pathological reports. Results Clinical outcomes were satisfactory, the biomaterial was radio-opaque on X-ray. Histological study showed: partial filling with alveolar bone of appropriate maturation and mineralization for the healing time, osteoblastic activity and bone lacunae containing osteocytes. The biomaterial was not completely resorbed at six months. Conclusion Beta-tricalcium phosphate is a material capable of achieving preservation of the alveolar bone when it is positioned in the immediate post-extraction socket followed by suture; it also helps the formation of new bone in the socket. Further studies are needed comparing this technique with other available biomaterials, with growth factors and with sites where no alveolar preservation techniques are performed.

In cattle, the detection of very early endometrial responses is considered to be hampered by the presence of only a single embryo. Therefore, we have previously developed a model of multiple embryo transfer to circumvent this hindrance. In this work, we analysed embryo–maternal interactions in the bovine uterus on day 8 of development while comparing the presence of multiple v. single embryos using embryo transfer and artificial insemination, respectively. Concentration of proteins (β-actin, NFkB, clusterin and immunoproteosome 20S β5i subunit–i20S), by western blot, and hexoses (glucose and fructose) were measured in paired samples of uterine fluid (UF) from the same animal with and without embryos in the uterus and were compared with UF obtained after artificial insemination. Prostaglandin (PG) F2α and PGE2 concentrations were also analysed in blood plasma. The four proteins analysed and hexoses were unaffected by the presence of one or more embryos in the uterus. However, blood PGF2α showed similar, significant increases with one or more embryos over cyclic animals; such changes were not observed in blood PGE2. Although multiple embryo transfer may appear to be non-physiological, we showed that the uterus, at the very early embryonic stages, does exhibit physiological reactions. Multiple embryo transfer can, therefore, be used for studies of very early embryo–maternal interactions in vivo in monotocous species.

Por: E. M. Molina y M. Muñoz

Resumen: En este trabajo se propone un algoritmo para obtener la velocidad media óptima para ahorrar combustible y mejorar la seguridad. El algoritmo propuesto se basa en los algoritmos genéticos. El algoritmo emplea información sobre el entorno, la carretera y el vehículo para obtener la velocidad media que minimice el consumo de combustible sin incrementar drásticamente la duración del trayecto. Además, el algoritmo propuesto mejora la seguridad ya que adecua la velocidad a las condiciones de la vía. La información sobre el entorno se obtiene de servicios web y la información sobre el vehículo se obtiene a través del puerto OBD2. El algoritmo es validado en situaciones reales con incidentes de tráfico y sin ellos. Por otra parte, se analiza el impacto de la velocidad media y los incidentes de tráfico en las aceleraciones y su influencia en el consumo de combustible. Abstract: This paper proposes an algorithm for obtaining the optimal average speed to save fuel and improve safety. The proposed algorithm is based on genetic algorithms. The algorithm uses information about the environment, the road and the vehicle for obtaining the optimal average speed which it minimizes fuel consumption without dramatically increasing the travel time. Moreover, the proposed algorithm improves safety adapting vehicle speed to road conditions. The environment information is obtained from web services and vehicle information is obtained through the OBD2 port. The algorithm is validated in situations with and without incidents. In addition, we analyze the impact of the average speed and acceleration incidents and their impact on fuel consumption. Palabras clave: Conducción eficiente, Sistemas de ayuda a la conducción, Algoritmos Genéticos, Android, Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte., Keywords: Eco-driving, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, Genetic Algorithms, Android, Intelligent Transport System.

Strongly out-of-equilibrium regimes in magnetic nanostructures exhibit novel properties, linked to the nonlinear nature of magnetization dynamics, which are of great fundamental and practical interest. Here, we demonstrate that ferromagnetic resonance driven by microwave magnetic fields can occur with substantial spatial coherency at an unprecedented large angle of magnetization precessions, which is normally prevented by the onset of spin-wave instabilities and magnetization turbulent dynamics. Our results show that this limitation can be overcome in nanomagnets, where the geometric confinement drastically reduces the density of spin-wave modes. When the obtained deeply nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance regime is perturbed, the magnetization undergoes eigenoscillations around the steady state due to torques tending to restore the stable large-angle periodic trajectory. These eigenoscillations are substantially different from the usual spin-wave modes around the ground state because their existence is connected to the presence of a large coherent precession. They are experimentally investigated by a new spectroscopic technique based on the application of a second microwave excitation field that is tuned to resonantly drive them. This two-tone spectroscopy enables us to show that they consist in slow coherent magnetization nutations around the large-angle steady precession, whose frequencies are set by the balance of restoring torques. Our experimental findings are well accounted for by an analytical model derived for systems with uniaxial symmetry. They also provide a new means for controlling highly nonlinear magnetization dynamics in nanostructures, opening interesting applicative opportunities in the context of magnetic nanotechnologies.