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Attention to staff performance and use of intellectual capital to achieve organizations’ objectives optimum use of available facilities, in institutes and universities, which are themselves the center of intellectual production, makes managers to use intellectual capital to achieve optimal performance this is a correlational study. The samples are all faculty members (180) of Shahid Ragaie Teacher Training university. The data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient step by step and the researcher used SPSS software. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between the respondents, intellectual capital and their research performance. Regression analysis results show that among human capital, structural capital and relation capital, structural capital have the strongest relationship with research performance and better predicts the respondent’s performance. The relation capital follows next in predicting research performance. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital and research performance.

Let R be an associative ring. An additive mapping d:R→R is called a Jordan derivation if d(x2)=d(x)x+xd(x) holds for all x∈R. The objective of the present paper is to characterize a prime ring R which admits Jordan derivations d and g such that [d(xm),g(yn)]=0 for all x,y∈R or d(xm)∘g(yn)=0 for all x,y∈R, where m⩾1 and n⩾1 are some fixed integers. This partially extended Herstein’s result in [6, Theorem 2], to the case of (semi)prime ring involving pair of Jordan derivations. Finally, we apply these purely algebraic results to obtain a range inclusion result of continuous linear Jordan derivations on Banach algebras.

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In this paper, we establish the existence of at least three weak solutions for the fourth-order problem with indefinite weights involving the Leray–Lions operator with nonstandard growth conditions. We generalize the result obtained by Kefi et al. [On the fourth-order Leray–Lions problem with indefinite weight and nonstandard growth conditions. Bull Math Sci. 2021;DOI:10.1142/S1664360721500089]. The proof of our main result uses variational methods and the critical theorem of Bonanno and Marano [On the structure of the critical set of nondifferentiable functions with a weak compactness condition. Appl Anal. 2010;89:1–10]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lapin stealth C.freundii urogenital infection models were being developed. Three groups each of five rabbits were assigned as group I for stealth C.freundii, group II for intact C.freundii and group III for control. The infectious dose was rated to, 1x10 to 7 CFU/ml. The dosing program was through transurethral route. From the time zero day up to the day eight post infection the rabbits was watched for signs of disease. The changes in the whole animal beings were found as; rise up in body temperature, loss of appetite, loss of body weight and sluggishness .Postmortem gross urogenital organ/tissue matrix changes were congestion and haemorrhage. Tissue changes were noted as an acute to sub-acute urethritis,cystitis and testiculitis. To this end rabbits were proved to be suitable experimental models for evidence of stealth C.freundii pathogenicity. The developed models are being novel so far C.freundii is concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global geopotential models (GGMs) are widely used in earth sciences, especially in geodesy and geophysics. In this paper, we aim at studying GGMs' capability in the geoidal height estimation at the geographical region of Iran. This will include verification of both satellite-only and combined GGMs. To compute the geoidal height at a point, keeping the longitude and latitude constant, we change its ellipsoidal height until the GGM-derived gravity potential at the resulting height equals the geoid’s potential value. In this process, we consider the topographic bias effect once the computation of the potential is inside the topographic masses. As the benchmark for the performance analysis of GGMs, we use the known geoidal heights of 841GPS/Levelling stations with a country-wide distribution. The results indicate that the XGM2019e_2159 (n_max=2190) GGM is the best combined and the GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R5 (n_max=330) GGM is the best satellite-only model for the computation of geoidal heights in the study area, Iran.

This work explores the correlation between the characteristics of the cast structure (dendrite growth pattern, dendrite morphology and macro-texture) and strain hardening capacity during high temperature deformation of Mg-5Sn-0.3Li-0 and 3Zn multi-component alloys. The three dimensional (3D) morphology of the dendrite structure demonstrates the transition of the growth directions from , and to< 112¯3> and due to the addition of Zn. The simultaneous effects of growing tendency and the decrement of dendrite coarsening rate at the solidification interval lead to dendrite morphology transition from the globular-like to the hyper-branch structure. This morphology transition results in the variation of the solidification macro-texture, which has effectively influenced the dominant deformation mechanisms (slip/twin activity). The higher activity of the slip systems increases the tendency of the dendrite arms for bending along the deformation direction and fragmentation. Apart from this, the dendrite holding hyper-branch structure with an average thickness below 20 µm are more favorable for fragmentation. The dendrite fragmentation leads to considerable softening fractions, and as an effective strain compensation mechanism increases the workability of dendritic structure.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVS: Today, creative and innovative manpower is one of the most important assets and capital of organizations. Although strategic human resource management can be effective in enhancing employee innovation capability, not many research examined the impact of this type of management subsystems on innovation. Therefore, the purpose of current study is to evaluate the impact of strategic HRM subsystems on improving innovation capability in Municipality of Tehran.METHODS: The present study is mixed in terms of applied-developmental purpose and among the researches. In the qualitative stage of the research, the theme analysis method was used and the purposeful participants were selected and interviewed, which included 13 university professors and 19 managers of Municipality of Tehran. Based on the results of the qualitative stage, the strategies of 7 strategic HRM subsystems were identified and a research model was designed. In a quantitative step, in order to validate the model, the structural equation modeling method and smartPLS software were used. For this purpose, while conducting the validity and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire, 169 managers and experts in Municipality of Tehran who were randomly selected were interviewed.FINDINGS: According to the study, the relationship between strategic HRM subsystems and innovation capability is positive and significant. Also, the results showed that the coefficient of determination for the strategic HRM variable is 0.611, which means that 61.1% of the changes in the innovation capability variable can be predicted with strategic HRM strategies and its subsystems. Moreover, among human resource subsystems, "talent management system and succession management" and "service compensation and reward system" have the greatest impact on innovation capability.CONCLUSION: The results showed that strategic human resource management subsystems are effective on innovation capability in Municipality of Tehran, and the results of this study can be utilized and generalized in municipal organizations and public non-governmental organizations that have an almost similar organizational structure.

The present research clarifies the texture and microstructure evolution of a rare earth (RE) containing magnesium composite reinforced by SiC particles (Mg-RE/SiC) during friction stir processing. Rotating tool induced mechanical stirring and frictional heat lead to occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and development of the strong basal texture component. The presence of second phase particles in the matrix could stimulate the occurrence of continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) and postpone discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). The presentation of crystallographic orientations in an appropriate reference frame indicated formation of a new rare earth texture (RE-texture) component, near the //shear plane normal (SPN) and -//shear direction (SD) orientations. This texture component was developed through simultaneous activity of basal and non-basal slip systems during dynamic recrystallization.

Test planning is a crucial step in the operational modal analysis (OMA) of wind turbines (WT), and it is an essential part of choosing the best positions for installing the sensors of the structures. On the other hand, updating the finite element model (FEM) with the OMA results implies a better prediction of the real structure's dynamic and vibrational behavior. This paper aims to show how the OMA of a nonuniform and two-section wind turbine tower can be performed more effectively, using the required test planning and optimal sensor placement. Then, accordingly, the OMA is used in operating and parked conditions to find the objective bending mode characteristics. Moreover, the updating of the applicable FEM of the multi-sectional wind turbine tower will be described. The tailor-made genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find the MEMS (micro electro-mechanical system) sensors' optimal positions of the WT under study. The OMA was performed and the acquired data analyzed using the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method. Based on the OMA results, the FEM is updated by applying the sensitivity method. The results show that a tailor-made GA is a practical and quick approach to finding the optimal position of the sensors to obtain the best results for the objective modes of the WT. The OMA results, under operating and parked conditions, prove some modal characteristics of WTs. Based on the sensitivity analysis and engineering judgment, the modulus of elasticity was selected as a parameter for updating. Finally, we found that the updated FEM had less than 1 % error compared to the obtained frequencies from the test.

The research was conducted in Wadi Rehana area within the Upper Euphrates region in the Iraqi Western Desert. A number of samples of groundwater wells were collected randomly on a seasonal basis and were chemically analysed to obtain concentrations of some important elements to determine the quality of water resources. The results showed that various wells with the water quality within the classes C5S1 and C6S1, are considered very salty and unsuitable for irrigation operations and rarely used for some types of crops. The results showed that all five soil pedon had SL and Sil textures, and they are within the medium texture soil of the surface layers. The EC values ​​ranged from 11.5 dS m-1 to 0.94 dS m-1. The digital average of the acidity function in the soil ranged from 7.7 to 7. The CaCO3 values ​​ranged between 23.3 and 64.8%, while CaSO4 between 0.4 and 47.9%. Furthermore, organic carbon was between 0.10 and 0.6%, SAR values ​​ranged from 0.27 to 6.1, CEC across soil sections from 18.4 to 32.3%, and the total nitrogen ratio for the surface layer from 533 to 9207 ppm. Phosphorus ranged from 2.0 to 7.4 ppm, while potassium from 9.2 to 28.7 ppm.

S‌t‌r‌e‌s‌s g‌a‌i‌n o‌f c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e i‌s a h‌e‌a‌t‌e‌d p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌d‌u‌r‌e. T‌h‌e a‌m‌o‌u‌n‌t o‌f h‌e‌a‌t s‌i‌g‌n‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌n‌t‌l‌y d‌e‌p‌e‌n‌d‌s o‌n c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t t‌y‌p‌e, c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t c‌o‌n‌t‌e‌n‌t, a‌n‌d c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t-w‌a‌t‌e‌r r‌a‌t‌i‌o. W‌h‌i‌l‌e t‌h‌e r‌a‌t‌e o‌f g‌e‌n‌e‌r‌a‌t‌e‌d h‌e‌a‌t i‌s f‌a‌r m‌o‌r‌e t‌h‌a‌n t‌h‌a‌t o‌f h‌e‌a‌t t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌f‌e‌r t‌o t‌h‌e e‌x‌t‌e‌r‌i‌o‌r p‌a‌r‌t o‌f c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e m‌a‌s‌s, t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e o‌f t‌h‌e i‌n‌t‌e‌r‌i‌o‌r p‌a‌r‌t o‌f c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e e‌l‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t d‌u‌r‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌a‌t p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌d‌u‌r‌e i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e‌s. F‌u‌r‌t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌o‌r‌e, t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h g‌a‌i‌n o‌f c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e i‌s a f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e h‌i‌s‌t‌o‌r‌y o‌f e‌v‌e‌r‌y p‌a‌r‌t o‌f e‌l‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t w‌h‌i‌c‌h i‌s i‌n‌f‌l‌u‌e‌n‌c‌e‌d b‌y h‌e‌a‌t c‌a‌u‌s‌e‌d b‌y h‌y‌d‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n. I‌f t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌s‌s g‌e‌n‌e‌r‌a‌t‌e‌d b‌y h‌e‌a‌t i‌n f‌r‌e‌s‌h c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e i‌s g‌r‌e‌a‌t‌e‌r t‌h‌a‌n a‌c‌q‌u‌i‌r‌e‌d s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h o‌f c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e, t‌h‌e‌n e‌a‌r‌l‌y c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌s w‌i‌l‌l f‌o‌r‌m i‌n t‌h‌e c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e m‌a‌s‌s. A‌s a r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t, t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌a‌l a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌s‌i‌s a‌n‌d c‌h‌e‌c‌k‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h g‌a‌i‌n i‌n m‌a‌s‌s‌i‌v‌e c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e‌s l‌i‌k‌e c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e d‌a‌m‌s, f‌o‌u‌n‌d‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s, a‌n‌d b‌r‌i‌d‌g‌e d‌e‌c‌k‌s w‌o‌u‌l‌d b‌e e‌s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌a‌l‌l‌y i‌m‌p‌o‌r‌t‌a‌n‌t. T‌h‌e t‌e‌r‌m‌s h‌e‌a‌t t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌f‌e‌r a‌n‌d t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌a‌l a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌s‌i‌s a‌r‌e c‌o‌m‌p‌o‌s‌e‌d o‌f s‌o‌m‌e m‌e‌c‌h‌a‌n‌i‌s‌m‌s. T‌h‌i‌s m‌o‌d‌e‌l‌s t‌h‌e m‌e‌c‌h‌a‌n‌i‌s‌m a‌n‌d s‌i‌m‌u‌l‌a‌t‌e‌s t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h g‌a‌i‌n o‌f c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e b‌y f‌i‌n‌i‌t‌e e‌l‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d. A‌f‌t‌e‌r v‌e‌r‌i‌f‌y‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e f‌i‌n‌i‌t‌e e‌l‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t m‌o‌d‌e‌l, w‌e w‌i‌l‌l s‌t‌u‌d‌y t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h g‌a‌i‌n o‌f a c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e s‌l‌a‌b a‌n‌d a r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e b‌e‌a‌m. A‌l‌l t‌h‌e e‌x‌p‌e‌r‌i‌m‌e‌n‌t‌s a‌r‌e i‌n a‌c‌c‌o‌r‌d‌a‌n‌c‌e w‌i‌t‌h A‌S‌T‌M s‌t‌a‌n‌d‌a‌r‌d t‌o d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e t‌h‌e p‌a‌r‌a‌m‌e‌t‌e‌r‌s o‌f c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t h‌e‌a‌t‌i‌n‌g p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌d‌u‌r‌e. C‌o‌n‌t‌r‌o‌l‌l‌e‌d e‌n‌v‌i‌r‌o‌n‌m‌e‌n‌t w‌i‌t‌h a c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌a‌n‌t t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e i‌s u‌s‌e‌d f‌o‌r c‌u‌r‌i‌n‌g c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s. S‌i‌x d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t a‌g‌e‌s (f‌i‌r‌s‌t a‌g‌e f‌o‌r a‌b‌o‌u‌t 4 M‌P‌a c‌o‌m‌p‌r‌e‌s‌s‌i‌v‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h a‌n‌d n‌e‌x‌t a‌g‌e‌s a‌r‌e t‌w‌i‌c‌e t‌h‌e p‌r‌e‌v‌i‌o‌u‌s a‌g‌e. T‌h‌e s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s a‌r‌e s‌t‌u‌d‌i‌e‌d a‌t t‌h‌r‌e‌e d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e‌s, $15^{\c‌i‌r‌c}C$,$25^{\c‌i‌r‌c}C$ a‌n‌d $35^{\c‌i‌r‌c}C$, 54 s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s a‌r‌e c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌e‌d. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s s‌h‌o‌w t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌i‌s n‌u‌m‌e‌r‌i‌c‌a‌l m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d c‌a‌n e‌s‌t‌i‌m‌a‌t‌e h‌e‌a‌t t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌f‌e‌r i‌n t‌h‌e c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e b‌o‌d‌y w‌i‌t‌h a‌c‌c‌e‌p‌t‌a‌b‌l‌e a‌c‌c‌u‌r‌a‌c‌y. I‌n a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n, t‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s e‌x‌h‌i‌b‌i‌t t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e p‌r‌o‌p‌o‌s‌e‌d t‌i‌m‌e f‌o‌r r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌a‌l o‌f f‌o‌r‌m‌s i‌n t‌h‌e n‌i‌n‌t‌h p‌a‌r‌t o‌f n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌a‌l b‌u‌i‌l‌d‌i‌n‌g r‌e‌g‌u‌l‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f I‌r‌a‌n ``d‌e‌s‌i‌g‌n a‌n‌d c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e‌s'' s‌h‌o‌u‌l‌d b‌e c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌e‌d i‌n g‌r‌e‌a‌t‌e‌r d‌e‌t‌a‌i‌l.

Background and Objectives: Graph processing is increasingly gaining attention during era of big data. However, graph processing applications are highly memory intensive due to nature of graphs. Processing-in-memory (PIM) is an old idea which revisited recently with the advent of technology specifically the ability to manufacture 3D stacked chipsets. PIM puts forward to enrich memory units with computational capabilities to reduce the cost of data movement between processor and memory system.This approach seems to be a way of dealing with large-scale graph processing, considering recent advances in the field.Methods: This paper explores real-world PIM technology to improve graph processing efficiency by reducing irregular access patterns and improving temporal locality using HMC.We propose NodeFetch, a new method to access nodes and their neighbors while processing a graph by adding a new command to HMC system.Results: Results of our simulation on a set of real-world graphs point out that the proposed idea can achieve 3.3x speed up in average and 69% reduction of energy consumption over the baseline PIM architecture which is HMC.Conclusion: Most of the techniques in the field of processing-in-memory, hire methods to reduce movement of data between processor and memory. This paper proposes a method to reduce graph processing execution time and energy consumption by reducing cache misses while processing a graph.

In this paper, by applying the technique of measure of noncompactness and a new generalization of Darbo’s theorem, we study the existence of solutions for an infinite system of integral equations in two variables. The obtained results extend and generalize some related results in previous work. Finally, some examples are included to ascertain the usefulness of the outcome.

Effects of 0, 15, 30 and 60 g per kg of sewage sludge exposed to gamma irradiation at doses of 0, 5, 10 and 20 kGy were investigated on macronutrients and sodium uptakes in the basil root and shoot. The results showed that using 15 and 30 g sewage sludge per kg soil increases the uptake of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium in the root and shoot, as well as the nitrogen of the shoot. The application of 60 g irradiated and non-irradiated sewage sludge with the irradiation doses used in this study per kg of soil did not cause significant effects on phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and sodium absorption in the shoot and root, nitrogen in the shoot, and calcium in the root. However, it significantly decreased the calcium absorption of shoots. The maximum uptake of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the root and shoot and nitrogen in the shoot was obtained in 30 g per kg sewage sludge irradiated with 20 kGy absorbed dose. The maximum uptake of sodium was revealed in 30 g per kg sewage sludge irradiated with 10 kGy absorbed dose. With application of irradiated sewage sludge relative to non-irradiated in each level, the absorption of all studied elements increased in the basil root and shoot.

Abstract Background High-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) is a rapidly developing technology that is gaining popularity for the evaluation of the ulnar nerve. Objective To evaluate the role of dynamic HRUS for the detection of different abnormalities of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. Patients and Methods Sixty-two elbows divided into 23 elbows with symptomatic and sonographic findings (symptomatic group), 39 elbows as a control group, which were further subdivided into 24 which were clinically and sonographically free (control group), and 15 subjects as a case nonmanifest group who were clinically free, but has sonographic findings (asymptomatic UNE group), were studied. The ulnar nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured at the Guyon canal, mid-forearm, and maximal swelling (MS) point around the elbow. We assessed also the flattening ratio at the elbow by measuring the widest transverse and anteroposterior diameters during elbow extension and flexion. Results There was a statistically significant difference of the cross-sectional area and flattening ratio of the ulnar nerve at the elbow during extension and flexion between the three groups (symptomatic, case nonmanifest, and healthy control elbows) (P value = 0.05). Conclusion Dynamic HRUS is a highly accurate, sensitive diagnostic modality for the ulnar nerve entrapment syndrome at the elbow.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia pneumoniae are the most common bacterial agents, which account for 15–40%, 2–15% and 5–10% of atypical community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) respectively. These agents are mostly associated with infection in the outpatient setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of these pathogens among patients with CAP attending outpatient clinics in Tehran. A cross-sectional study was carried out of 150 patients attending to educational hospitals in Tehran with CAP. M. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila and Chlamydia spp. were detected by PCR assay, targeting the P1 adhesion gene, macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) gene and 16S rRNA gene respectively from throat swabs obtained from each patient. A total of 86 (57.3%) of 150 patients were women; median age was 50 years (interquartile range, 35–65 years). M. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila and Chlamydia spp. were detected in 37 (24.7%), 25 (16.7%) and 11 (7.3%) patients respectively; of these, 66 patients (44%) were infected at least by one of these three pathogens. The frequency of L. pneumophila was significantly higher among patients over 60 years old (p 0.03). Coinfection was detected in seven patients (4.7%); six were infected by M. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila, and only one was infected by L. pneumophila and Chlamydia spp. M. pneumoniae was the most prevalent agent of atypical CAP, and L. pneumophila was more likely to infect elderly rather than younger people. Further studies on the prevalence of CAP and its aetiologic agents are needed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of CAP patients.

One of the problems products produced of imported frozen fillets tilapia fish such as nuggets, bitterness of the products in during storage in freezing conditions. Since in this study, the quality of imported frozen fillets with fillets of tilapia that cultured in Iran, during two months was evaluated and the trend of corruption in the fillets was compared. According to the results of evaluation (proximate composition, thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), free fatty acids (FFA), Hypoxantin (HX), formaldehyde (FA), dimethyl amine (DMA), peptides soluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA), protein solubility, electrophoresis and fatty acid profile) the DMA and TCA levels of imported fillets were 0.6 miligram DMA-N Per 100 g sample and 0.35 milimol tyrosine per g sample respectively, that were higher as compared to DMA and TCA cultured fillet zero time (0.2 miligram DMA-N Per 100 g sample and 0.18 milimol tyrosine per g sample respectively) and their protein contents was lower than cultured fillets (15.65 % in imported fillet and 18.60 % in cultured fillet). As a result, high levels of peptides and their production during subsequent processes in imported frozen fillets can be a source of bitterness for the products produced from them.

Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is applied to evaluate the performance of a new micro gas sensor (MIKRA) for mass analysis of ammonia in the rarefied gas. In order to simulate a rarefied gas inside the micro gas detector, Boltzmann equation is applied to obtain high precision results. This study performed comprehensive studies to reveal the main mechanism of force generation and applied this for the analysis of the gas mixture. Our findings show that value of generated Knudsen force significantly varies when the percentage of the NH3 varies in the mixture. According to obtained results, the maximum Knudsen force increases when the fraction of the ammonia decreases. Our findings reveal that the effect of gap size varies with the pressure of the domain. In addition, the increase of temperature gradient from 40 K to 100 K rises the maximum Knudsen force more than 400% on the shuttle arm. Keywords: Ammonia, Knudsen force, DSMC, Low-pressure gas sensor, MEMS

Heat transfer investigation of the mechanical device such as fin and mechanical face seals is crucial for the development of these elements in different applications. In this study, two analytical approaches (collocation and numerical methods) are used to study the thermal performance of fin and mechanical face seal in various operating conditions. In the mechanical face seal, the influence of significant parameters (thermal conductivity, operating temperature and heat convection coefficient) are investigated. In the fin study, the stretching and shrinking of the fin with different cross section are comprehensively discussed. Our findings reveal that the performance of these elements significantly varies in different operating conditions. Keywords: Nonlinear thermal equations, Fin, Mechanical face seal, Collocation method, Temperature distribution

Eutrophication is considered as a serious problem in water reservoirs. Awareness about the eutrophic status of each reservoir could help in providing a better understanding of the problem in a global scale. The present study was conducted to assess temporal and spatial eutrophication index in a water reservoir (Sahand dam) in the northwest of Iran. Physico-chemical parametres that are effective on eutrphic condition occurrence were analyzed, and trophic state index was calculated on a scale of 0-100 by measuring Secchi disk depth, chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total suspended solids, and phosphorus P/N ratio. Moreover, using the overlapping, the reservoir was mapped based on the mentioned index. Seasonal variation of dissolved solids in the reservoir was recorded due to precipitation and subsequent dilution and evaporation. Thermal stratification was observed during the summer months. The total trophic state index value was calculated as 55.5- 58.07, with minimum value belonging to P/N and maximum value belonging to suspended solids for individual parameters. There were some spatial and temporal differences for trophic state index in the reservoir. It was found that the whole area of the reservoir was in almost moderately upper-mesotrophic condition and in some target stations it was very close to eutrophic condition. The worst condition was observed in Qaranqu River as the main input to the reservoir. Due to the significant impact of suspended particles resulting from erosion of the surrounding lands on TSI value, there is an urgent need for mitigation measures to intercept eutrophication.

Performance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with mixed composite top coat (MCC) were investigated in thermal shock conditions. To produce MCCs, firstly, the powders are mixed with the specified weight ratio, and then the prepared mixture is fed to the plasma stream of the atmospheric plasma spray (APS) machine. Ceria-yttria stabilized zirconia (CSZ) and micro- and nano-structured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ and YSZ-N) were used to produce coating samples. The coatings were grouped in Y-C and YN-C classes, and each class was produced with two different weight ratios and two different thicknesses. The results show that the presence of YSZ-N plays an important role in increasing the life of the samples and decreasing the thickness of the thermally grown oxide layer.

Background and objectives: There are several methods to assess the in vitro capability of heme inhibitory activity of antimalarial compounds; most of them require some specific equipment or toxic substances and sometimes the needed materials are not accessible. Regarding the necessity and importance of optimizing and standardizing experimental conditions, the present study has intended to improve the in vitro assessment conditions of the β-hematin formation inhibitory activity for screening herbal samples. Methods: Hemin, tween 20, and samples (9:9:2) were incubated in different conditions including: hemin concentration (30, 60, and 120 µg/mL), duration (4, 24, 48, and 72 h), pH of buffer (3.6, 4, 4.4, 4.8, and 5), and temperature (37 and 60 °C) in 96-well plates. Also, a total of 165 plant extracts and fractions were tested in the most suitable conditions. Results: The reaction time and the incubation temperature were determined as the critical factors. The effective conditions for β-hematin formation were found to be 60 °C after 24 h incubation. In this method, proper correlations with respect to negative (69%) and positive (67%) predictive values were obtained in comparison with the anti-plasmodial assay. Antimalarial activities of Pistacia atlantica, Myrtus communis, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, and Satureja mutica were found to correlate significantly with inhibition of the heme detoxification assay. Conclusion: These results support a rapid, simple and reliable approach for selecting and identifying a number of herbs for further related antimalaria investigations.

Background and objectives: Plants have been used to treat diseases like cancer for many years and today the trend towards their use is increasing. One of the most effective mechanisms of plants against cancer is inducing apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death which acts opposite to cell division. It starts in response to some stimuli. Despite the effectiveness of apoptosis inducing agents, their use has been limited due to side effects and resistance to these treatments; so, applying medicinal herbs due to their lower cost and toxicity has drawn attentions. Recent research at the Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences on two medicinal plants Acanthophyllum bracteatum and A. microcephalum has shown cytotoxic effects of these two species, but the mechanism of their toxicity has remained unknown; thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the apoptotic potential of Acanthophyllum bracteatum and A. microcephalum. Methods: In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of the methanol extract of Acanthophyllum bracteatum and A. microcephalum was evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells by MTT assay; furthermore, their apoptosis potential has been evaluated by annexin-V/propidium iodide assay and Hoechst 33258 staining in the same cell lines. Results: The methanol extract of A. microcephalum and A. bracteatum showed cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines with IC50 values of 64, 159 and 102, 250 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the apoptosis assays confirmed the potential of the two plants extracts to induce apoptosis in both cell lines while A. microcephalum demonstrated more considerable results. Conclusion: A. microcephalum could be a suitable choice for further breast cancer studies.

In this study, fabrication of an in-situ composite through aluminothermic combustion synthesis in An Al–V2O5-NiO system was investigated. Therefore, Al, V2O5 and NiO powders with stoichiometric ratio of 11:1:1, respectively, were milled for an hour and finally the mixtures were compressed. In order to investigate the temperatures of phase transformations, Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was utilized. Heat treatment was applied on the raw samples according to their peak temperatures treated in DTA. X Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis for the samples shows formation of phases such as Al3V and Al3Ni2 at different sintering temperatures. Microstructure and phase analysis showed that during sintering of this sample, Al3V phase was not formed below 700 °C, at 880 °C Al3Ni2 it was formed and after 950 °C, it was transformed to Al4Ni3 phase. In addition, after 950°C, Al3V transformed into Al23V4 phase. Analysis of samples density and hardness showed that, due to increase of volume fraction percentages of reinforcing phase, these two parameters increase as well.

Background and objectives: Medicinal plants are widely used by people in the treatment of various diseases. These resources are usually regarded as part of cultural traditional knowledge. The aim of this study was to identify the information about the medicinal plants used by indigenous people of some regions of Hamedan province, Iran. Methods: The present ethnobotanical study was conducted in the Alvand mountainous area of Hamedan and Tuyserkan. Interviews were done in 27 villages and totally 53 informants were interviewed. Ethnobotanical indices like relative frequency of citation (RFC) and cultural importance index (CI) were calculated. Results: Our study reports 80 traditionally used plant species, belonging to 31 plant families. Asteraceae with 12 species was the most used family in this area. The most used parts were aerial parts (18.57%), leaves (21.42%), and flowers (17.14%), respectively. The most treated ailments were digestive problems. The highest number of ethnobotanical indices RFC and CI were observed in Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. and Thymus lancifolius Celak., respectively. Conclusions: Hamedan provincepossesses considerable knowledge about medicinal plants for treating common health problems.

To determine the effects of foliar applications of some macroelements on castor seed yield and its components under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of East Azerbaijan province. A factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications, was carried out during 2013 growing season. Treatment factors consisted of irrigations with two levels (no water deficit and water deficit during grain filling stage) and of foliar applications of macroelements with four levels [control, wettable sulfur (0.2 percent), nitrogen (urea: 0.6 percent) and phosphor (super phosphate triple: 0.4 percent). Traits studied were: plant height, number of inflorescence, number of lateral branches, number of leaves, leaf temperature, relative water content, number of seeds per plant, 1000-kernal weight and seed yield. All traits, except number of inflorescence, were affected significantly by drought stress. Water deficit reduced plant height, number of leaves, number of seeds per plant, 1000-kernal weight, seed yield, relative water content, while it increased leaf temperature. Number of lateral branches was affected significantly by interaction between factors. Maximum latral branches (1.86) were obtained under non-stress treatment with nitrogen foliar application. Moderate drought stress had significant effect on leaf temperature and relative water content. It seems that, these traits can be used in determination of water deficit effects on castor bean.

Background and objectives: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor survival. Inhibiting angiogenesis could be a mechanism for hindering tumor development. Numerous studies have now been focused on agiogenesis inhibitors and many of such studies have targeted plant materials. In the present study, Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii has been evaluated for anti-angiogenesis properties. Methods: Anti-angiogenesis activity of the plant extracts and fractions has been investigated through wound healing assay in HUV-EC-C cells. The cytotoxic activity has also been evaluated by MTT assay. Results: The methanol extract and the methanol fraction of the corm along with the chloroform fraction of the aerial parts demonstrated to be cytotoxic to HUV-EC-C cells with IC50 values of 27.2, 74.1 and 60.0 μg/mL, respectively while the chloroform fraction of the corm showed the most considerable anti-angiogenesis property among the samples in wound healing assay. Conclusion: Regarding the results of the present study, Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii is suggested for further studies in cancer research evaluations.

Background and objectives: Iran owns a rich and prestigious heritage of medicinal herbs but the majority of these plants have not yet undergone chemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies. In the present study some species form northern parts of Iran were evaluated for cytotoxicity. Methods: Sixteen medicinal plants were extracted with methanol and screened for their cytotoxic activities. The inhibition of cell growth for these extracts was evaluated against MCF-7, WEHI-164, HepG-2 and MDBK cell lines. Their 50% inhibitions of growth (IC50) were determined by MTT assay. Moreover, cytotoxic evaluation of different fractions of the most potent species was performed. Results:Among examined samples, the IC50 values of methanol extract of Centaurea bruguierana (DC.) Hand.-Mzt. on mentioned cell lines were found 47.30-87.40 µg/mL. In addition, the chloroform fraction of the species was cytotoxic with IC50 values 17.00-23.03 µg/mL. Conclusion: It was concluded that the chloroform fraction of C. bruguierana was the best candidate for identification and isolation of active principles with cytotoxic effects. These results recommend further studies about this species.

Nickel ferrite based cermets and their relevant composites have been widely used as inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis due to their good combination of chemical resistance, thermal stability and mechanical properties. In this study, various NiO/NiFe2O4 composites consisting of 5, 10 and 15% NiO in conjunction with Cu/NiFe2O4 cermets containing 0.5, 10 and 15% Cu were prepared by powder metallurgy method. The degradation resistance of the developed inert composites was examined under hot corrosion condition by plunging samples in to the molten electrolyte at 1000ºC. The strength, toughness, hardness, relative density, microstructural observation, phase analysis and electrical resistivity were evaluated by 3-points bending tests, Vickers method, Archimedes method, scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction and conventional direct current four-probe techniques, respectively. The experimental results for NiO/NiFe2O4 composites showed that a significant improvement of toughness and degradation resistance continuously occurred with a moderate decrease in strength by increasing NiO content, while the relative density was increased only up to 5%NiO content. By increasing the Cu content in the cermet samples, all the properties such as strength, toughness and electrical conductivity were improved considerably but the degradation resistance decreased.

Background and objectives: Achillea is an ancient medicinal herb. The genus comprises about 100 species which are mostly distributed in northern hemisphere and some have been investigated for different biological activities. There are also several reports in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) texts about its anti-tumor effect. The cytotoxic activity of the methanol extract of Achillea vermicularis Trin. has been reported in previous studies against different tumor cell lines. Based on these reports, the species has been further investigated for apoptosis induction ability. Methods: The apoptosis induction ability has been evaluated through activated caspase 3 investigation in intact MCF-7 cells in vitro. Results: The assay demonstrated signs of caspase 3 activation in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Achillea vermicularis is suggested for further mechanistic evaluations in apoptosis studies.

River flow modeling has special importance in water resources management. Since the actual river flow data are often low and they correlate and depend yearly and monthly, making the data similar to historical data is so difficult and complex. In this study, 50 year data and Seasonal Auto Regressive Moving Average (SARMA) and Clayton and Frank Copulas which are the prediction and simulation methods of the river flow molding, were used to generate random flow data of Helmand River. Results show, SARMA model forecasts minimum river flow data very good, but the generated data hasn’t correlation of historical data and usually the maximum river flow is greater than real data. Otherwise, Copula preserved concordance of real data and make the data that are similar to real river flow. Therefore it is proposed that Copula is used for Helmand river flow modeling. Also this method use for simulating other river flows and also using other Copulas for river flow modeling could have the subject of future researches.

A notable amount of medicinal plants grow in Iran and local communities in different parts of the country have developed a deep knowledge of various uses of plants during their old history. Several ethnobotanical studies have been conducted by the Traditional Medicine and Material Medica Research Center (TMRC) to investigate the use of medicinal plants by local people. Some of these studies have been carried out in Kohgiluye va Boyer Ahmad, Azarbayjan-e-Sharghi and Golestan provinces. These ethnobotanical data have been collected by semi-structured interviews. In the present study, two villages of Hamedan province were investigated and eleven informants were interviewed. Our results have presented 45 traditionally used plant species, belonging to 23 plant families and 39 genera. Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the dominant locally used families. The plants were used both for medicinal and non-medicinal purposes and the most treated problems were digestive disorders and infections.

Background and objectives: Cancer is a public health problem all over the world. Herbal medicines have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer and large numbers of plants and their isolated constituents have shown potential anticancer activity. Methods: Twenty seven medicinal plants from southern Iran provinces have been extracted with methanol and screened for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, WEHI-164, HepG-2, MDBK and A-549 cell lines by MTT assay. Results: The methanol extracts of two species, Calotropis procera andJuniperus excelsa, demonstrated to be more effective compared to other extracts. Conclusion: The above species are proper candidates for further cancer studies.

Trichobezoar, a ball of hair in the stomach, is an under-diagnosed problem that should be considered in patients with an upper abdominal pain and mass, weight loss, and bowel obstruction especially in young girls with underlying psychiatric disorder or mental retardation. Patients with sickle cell disease are susceptible to experiencing pica including, in rare occasions, trichophagia that could lead to formation of a trichobezoar, resulting in serious abdominal complications which are likely to be confused with ordinary vaso-occlusive pain crises. Here we present the rare case of gastric trichobezoar in a 9 year old girl with sickle cell anemia.

Let A1, A2 be unital Banach algebras and X be an A1 − A2− module. Applying the concept of module maps, (inner) module generalized derivations and generalized first cohomology groups, we present several results concerning the relations between module generalized derivations from Ai into the dual space A∗ i (for i = 1, 2) and such derivations from the triangular Banach algebra of the form T := A1 X 0 A2 into the associated triangular T − bimodule T ∗ of the form T ∗ := A∗ 1 X∗ 0 A∗ 2 . In particular, we show that the so-called generalized first cohomology group from T to T ∗ is isomorphic to the directed sum of the generalized first cohomology group from A1 to A∗ 1 and the generalized first cohomology group from A2 to A∗ 2. Finally, Inspiring the above concepts, we establish a one to one corresponding between weak (resp. ideal) generalized amenability of T and those amenability of Ai (i = 1, 2).

Improving the solubility of non-soluble herbal materials is an issue of interest in cell culture based experiments. Evaluating the biological activity of these materials could become possible with the aid of cosolvents/surfactants which obviously should have little or no cytotoxic activity. In the present study, the cytotoxic activity of six cosolvents/surfactants: ethanol, methanol, Tween 20 and 80, propylene glycol (PG) and poly ethylene glycol 400 (PEG) which are usually helpful in dissolving non-soluble herbal extracts, has been evaluated against HepG-2, MCF-7 and HT-29 cells by MTT assay. Among the investigated cosolvents/surfactants, Tween 20 and 80 demonstrated the highest and ethanol and methanol the lowest cytotoxicity to the evaluated cell lines, suggesting the two latter as proper aids for improving solubility in biological experiments.

Background & Purpose: In addition to any disability, especially spinal cord injury level of sensory and motor performance of shows, other serious complications in other parts of the body, leaving lasting. . One of these complications, the spine is deformed. Many of the deformation of the spine, opening the chest to reduce this mode reduces the vital capacity and respiratory disorders, negative effects on the cardiovascular system and ultimately cause a change in the amount of their lung capacity is. The objective of this study, survey of relationship is between abnormalities of the spine (Lordosis, Kyphosis, scoliosis) and spirometric parameters (FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF). Materials & Methods:For this purpose, the present study was performed on 60 cases of spinal cord injury veterans And spirometric indices including FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF was assessed using spirometry. For data analysis descriptive statistics were used and the test of Pearson inferential statistics were used. Results: Based on survey results, a relation between Lordosis, scoliosis Kyphosis and spirometric indices, the rate and Kyphosis and Lordosis abnormalities was significant (P0.05). Conclusion: Due to the complications of spinal deformity and subsequent loss of lung volume in the injured spinal cord injury, for deformity correction protocols and a regular exercise program continued to increase indicators lung is recommended.

We report in this study the chemical composition and antibacterial activities of the seed’s essential oils of Pimpinella anisum L. collected from Morocco and Yemen. The hydro-distillation technique was used to extract their essential oils, followed by continuous liquid-liquid fractionation using water and ethyl acetate as solvent system. Obtained essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC and GC/MS results showed that 4-allylanisole was the major compound of Pimpinella anisum L. with percentages of 76.70 and 85.28% of Moroccan and Yemen, respectively, in addition to other minor compounds such as limonene (9.75% for Moroccan species and 5.53% for Yemen species) and fenchone (6.16% for Moroccan species and 4.12% for Yemen species). Furthermore, both essential oils were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms. The results showed that both essential oils inhibit most pathogenic bacteria tested.

Iran has 1260 km of coastline that borders the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea in the northwest Indian Ocean. Marine algae are one of the natural resources in the marine ecosystem which produce a wide range of new secondary metabolites with various biological activities that play an important role in the pharmaceutical care. In this study the cytotoxic activity of 28 marine algae of Chabahar coast was assessed against 5 cell lines including MCF-7, HepG-2, A-549, HT-29 and MDBK, through MTT assay. The methanol extract of the algae did not show cytotoxicity against any of the tested cell lines up to 100 μg/mL concentration, except for Jania adhaerens (IC50 85.03 µg/mL) against MCF-7 cells.

Let σ be a linear mapping from a dense subalgebra A of a Banach algebra B into B. In this note, we study the closability of a module σ− derivation δ from A into a B− bimodule M. Applying the notions of torsion-free modules and essential ideals, we present several results concerning the closability of such derivations. Also we investigate the closability of module σ− derivations of the C ∗− algebra B into a Hilbert B− bimodule M

Background and objectives: Cancer is the third leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Iran and kills out about 30000 people a year. The drugs used to treat cancer have many side effects. So developing novel and effective drugs with lower side effects has a great importance. Located in the north-west of Iran, Ardebil province has a rich plant diversity which the biological effects of most of them are unknown. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of 18 plants collected from Ardebil have been investigated. Methods: The cytotoxic effect of total methanol extract and petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol fractions were investigated by using MTT assay against 4 selected human cancer cell lines MCF7, HepG-2, A-549, HT-29 and also a normal cell line, MDBK. Results: Total methanol extract and chloroform fraction of the aerial parts of Onopordon acanthium showed significant cytotoxic effect against all cell lines with 12.51≤ IC50 ≤ 55.72 and 6.49≤IC50≤31.5, respectively. Conclusion: The plant could be a candidate for further investigations on its cytotoxicity mechanism and also identification of active ingredients.

There has been many efforts to use antimicrobial agents in order to control microbes causing periodontal diseases since they play an integral role in the etiology of periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine is a ADA approved antimicrobial and antiplaque mouthwash that is used to treat gingivitis. It acts by intense adhesion to the most sites of the oral cavity and is slowly released providing a long-lasting bactericidal environment that can result in lower plaque formation. Therefore, The risk of gingivitis and periodontal disease would be declined.

The electrochemical behavior of passive films formed on AISI 321 has been examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. AISI 321 is characterized by high interfacial impedance, thereby illustrating its high corrosion resistance. Results showed that the interfacial impedance and the polarization resistance initially increase with applied potential, within the low potential. However, at a sufficiently high potential (𝐸>0.6 V), the interfacial impedance and the polarization resistance decrease with increasing potential. The impedance data were adequately represented by an equivalent electrical circuit model based on point defect model, which described the behavior of the passive film on stainless steel more satisfactorily than the proposed models.

Objective: Oral lesions are among the important reasons for seeking dental care. Being frequently encountered, giant cell lesions form an important group of oral lesions. The epidemiologic data on these lesions, however, is scarce in Iran. The present study investigated epidemiological and demographic characteristics of giant cell lesions in oral biopsies done in one of the largest oral pathology departments in Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive survey studied the existing biopsy records of 2265 patients referred to the Department of Oral Pathology in Shahid Beheshti Dental School from 1991 to 2002. Records with final diagnosis of giant cell lesion were identified. Data on type of lesion, distribution of lesions, the involved jaw, and patients' gender and age was extracted from these records. Results: In total, 144 giant cell lesions were identified. These lesions comprised peripheral giant cell granuloma (59.5%), central giant cell granuloma (36.6%), cherubism (2.5%), and aneurysmal bone cyst (1.4%). Most of the cases had been occurred among women (54.9%), in their second and third decades of life (49.4%). The anterior region of the mandible was the most common location of these lesions (26.2%). In approximately half of the cases, the first clinical diagnosis was similar to the histopathologic diagnosis. Conclusion: The giant cell lesions were more common in women and in the anterior region of the mandible. More commonly, they occurred in the second and third decades of life unilaterally. This study elucidates the epidemiologic data of giant cell lesions in Iran and the results can be helpful for dental scholars in various fields.

Background/Aim Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have a negative impact on human health and the economy worldwide. Diabetic patients are at a high risk of dying from cardiovascular diseases. Arabic gum (AG) is a natural product that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the antihyperlipidemic and cardiopreventive efficacy and to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of AG in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM in rats. Material and methods Three groups of 18 adult (6 each) male Wistar rats each were used for the experiment. The first group was the normal control group, which received 0.9% NaCl daily by oral gavage for 8 weeks. The rats in the second group were injected with 60 mg/kg b.w. STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) intraperitoneally (IP), after being given intraperitoneally 120 mg/kg b.w. NA. They also received 0.9% NaCl daily by oral gavage for 8 weeks. The third group was treated with 20 mg AG/kg b.w./day suspended in 0.9% NaCl by oral gavage for 8 weeks after inducing DM in the same way as the second group. Results Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were observed in DM rats. They also had significantly higher levels (P