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A study was conducted in 24 crossbred cows and endometrial sampling was performed by uterine cytobrush (UC) on 30, 40 and 50 days postpartum (DPP) to diagnose subclinical endometritis (SCE). Out of which 10 cows were diagnosed to be positive for SCE and were treated with E.colilipopolysaccharide (LPS). Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells count byUC showed a significant reduction (P

Choline is a vitamin-like substance it has multi-function in animal production, reproduction, and health. The transition period is most crucial stage in lactation cycle of dairy cows due to its association with negative hormonal and energy balances. Unfortunately, unprotected choline easily degrades in the rumen; therefore, choline added to the diet in a rumenprotected form. The use of rumen-protected choline (RPC) is a preventive measurement for the fatty liver syndrome and ketosis; may improve milk production as well as milk composition and reproduction parameters. This review summarizes the effectiveness of RPC on animal production, health, and reproduction.