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1. A single-arm pilot study of guided self-help treatment based cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa in Japanese clinical settings

Author

R. Setsu, K. Asano, N. Numata, M. Tanaka, H. Ibuki, T. Yamamoto, R. Uragami, J. Matsumoto, Y. Hirano, M. Iyo, E. Shimizu, and M. Nakazato

Subjects
Eating disorders, Bulimia nervosa, Guided self-help treatments based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-GSH), Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Abstract Objective Guided self-help treatments based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-GSH) are regarded as a first-line effective treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN). With limited application for CBT-GSH in Japanese clinical settings, we conducted a single arm pilot study in order to confirm the acceptability and availability of CBT-GSH in Japan. Results 25 women with BN received 16–20 sessions of face-to-face CBT-GSH. Primary outcomes were the completion rate of intervention and abstinence rates from objective bingeing and purging as assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination. Secondary outcomes were other self-report measurements of the frequency of bingeing and purging, and characteristic psychopathologies of eating disorders. Assessments were conducted before CBT as baseline as well as after CBT. 92% (23/25) of the participants completed the CBT sessions. After CBT-GSH, 40% (10/25) of the participants (intention-to-treat) achieved symptom abstinence. The mean binge and purge episodes during the previous 28 days improved from 21.88 to 10.96 (50% reduction) and from 22.44 to 10.88 (52% reduction), each (before CBT-GSH to after CBT-GSH), and the within-group effect sizes were medium (Cohen’s d = 0.67, 0.65, each). Our study provided a preliminary evidence about the feasibility of CBT-GSH in Japanese clinical settings for the future. Trial registration This study was registered retrospectively in the national UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on July 10, 2013 (registration ID: UMIN000011120)

Published
2018
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2. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity: validation of a PET tracer in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease

Author

T, Irie, K, Fukushi, H, Namba, M, Iyo, H, Tamagami, S, Nagatsuka, and N, Ikota

Subjects
Male, Amphetamines, Brain, Acetates, Iofetamine, Sensitivity and Specificity, Rats, Iodine Radioisotopes, Piperidines, Alzheimer Disease, Acetylcholinesterase, Animals, Carbon Radioisotopes, Propionates, Rats, Wistar, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

We developed three radioactive acetylcholine analogs--N[14C]methyl-4-piperidyl acetate ([14C]MP4A), propionate ([14C]MP4P) and isobutyrate ([14C]MP4IB)--as radiotracers for measuring brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in vivo. The principle of our method is that the lipophilic analog diffuses into the brain where it is metabolized by AchE to produce a hydrophilic metabolite, which is trapped at the site of its production. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the tracers would have the sensitivity needed for early diagnosis of Alzheimer' disease using rats with a unilateral lesion in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM), an animal model of the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease.Rats with a unilateral NBM lesion were prepared, and the N[14C]methyl-4-piperidyl esters and N-Isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine([123I]IMP were injected intravenously 30 and 2 min, respectively, before the rats were killed. Uptake of 14C and 123I and AchE activity in the lesioned and unlesioned (control) sides of the cortex were measured simultaneously.The NBM lesion showed reduced cortical AchE activity by 30%-50%, with no side-to-side differences in [123I]MP uptake. Autoradiographic studies showed that uptake of 14C from [14C]MP4A and [14C]MP4P was significantly lower in the lesioned than unlesioned side of the cortex, which agreed well with the AchE histochemical staining patterns. Tissue dissection studies showed different uptake changes for the three compounds when AchE activity in the lesioned side of the cortex was reduced by 50%: 14C uptake from [14C]MP4P, [14C]MP4A and [14C]MP4IB was reduced by 27%, 21% and 7.3%, respectively. Theoretical analysis of the observed sensitivities of the tracers in relation to their in vitro enzymatic properties indicated that tracer sensitivity was highly dependent on the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of the tracer.The [14C]MP4A and [14C]MP4P esters had sufficient sensitivity to enable AchE activity changes in the rat cortex of less than 50% to be detected, indicating that the present method is applicable to PET diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Published
1996

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