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Your search keyword '"Lythgoe, D. J."' showing total 22 results
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6. Association of placental T2 relaxation times and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound measures of placental blood flow.

Author

Derwig, I, Barker, G J, Poon, L, Zelaya, F, Gowland, P, Lythgoe, D J, and Nicolaides, K

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate whether, in the second trimester of pregnancy, placental T2 relaxation time (determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) is related to impedance to flow in the uterine arteries. Methods: In 40 singleton pregnancies at 24-29 weeks' gestation, uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) was measured by Doppler ultrasound and T2 relaxation time was measured by echo planar MRI at 1.5 T. The significance of the associations between T2 relaxation time, uterine artery PI and birth weight were examined. Results: In 25 pregnancies that delivered small for gestational age (SGA) neonates with birth weight below the 10th percentile, compared to those with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) birth weight, the T2 relaxation time was significantly decreased (88 ms vs. 149 ms, p < 0.0001) and uterine artery PI was increased (1.96 vs. 1.00, p < 0.0001). There were significant associations between placental T2 relaxation time and log10 uterine artery PI (r = -0.749, p < 0.0001), and between T2 relaxation and birth weight percentile (r = 0.693, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The T2 relaxation time during the second trimester is shorter in pregnancies that subsequently deliver SGA neonates and the measurement is strongly correlated with impedance to flow in the uterine arteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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8. Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic, and Syntactic Processing of Spoken Sentences: An fMRI Study.

Author

Kuperberg, G. R., McGuire, P. K., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Wright, I. C., Lythgoe, D. J., Williams, S. C. R., and David, A. S.

Subjects
COGNITIVE processing of language, NEUROANATOMY, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, COGNITION
Abstract

Extracting meaning from speech requires the use of pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic information. A central question is: Does the processing of these different types of linguistic information have common or distinct neuroanatomical substrates? We addressed this issue using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural activity when subjects listened to spoken normal sentences contrasted with sentences that had either (A) pragmatical, (B) semantic (selection restriction), or (C) syntactic (subcategorical) violations sentences. All three contrasts revealed robust activation of the left-inferior-temporal/fusiform gyrus. Activity in this area was also observed in a combined analysis of all three experiments, suggesting that it was modulated by all three types of linguistic violation. Planned statistical comparisons between the three experiments revealed (1) a greater difference between conditions in activation of the left-superior-temporal gyrus for the pragmatic experiment than the semantic/syntactic experiments; (2) a greater difference between conditions in activation of the right-superior and middle-temporal gyrus in the semantic experiment than in the syntactic experiment; and (3) no regions activated to a greater degree in the syntactic experiment than in the semantic experiment. These data show that, while left- and right-superior-temporal regions may be differentially involved in processing pragmatic and lexico-semantic information within sentences, the left-inferior-temporal/fusiform gyrus is involved in processing all three types of linguistic information. We suggest that this region may play a key role in using pragmatic, semantic (selection restriction), and subcategorical information to construct a higher representation of meaning of sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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10. Saccade dysmetria indicates attenuated visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder

Author

Bast, N., Mason, L., Freitag, C. M., Smith, T., Portugal, A. M., Poustka, L., Banaschewski, T., Johnson, M., Ahmad, J., Ambrosino, S., Auyeung, B., Baron-Cohen, S., Baumeister, S., Beckmann, C. F., Bolte, S., Bourgeron, T., Bours, C., Brammer, M., Brandeis, D., Brogna, C., Bruijn, Y. d., Buitelaar, J. K., Chakrabarti, B., Charman, T., Cornelissen, I., Crawley, D., Dell'Acqua, F., Dumas, G., Durston, S., Ecker, C., Faulkner, J., Frouin, V., Garces, P., Goyard, D., Ham, L., Hayward, H., Hipp, J., Holt, R., Jones, E. J. H., Kundu, P., Lai, M. -C., D'Ardhuy, X. L., Lombardo, M. V., Loth, E., Lythgoe, D. J., Mandl, R., Marquand, A., Mennes, M., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Moessnang, C., Murphy, D. G. M., Oakley, B., O'Dwyer, L., Oldehinkel, M., Oranje, B., Pandina, G., Persico, A., Ruggeri, B., Ruigrok, A., Sabet, J., Sacco, R., San Jose Caceres, A., Simonoff, E., Spooren, W., Tillmann, J., Toro, R., Tost, H., Waldman, J., Williams, S. C. R., Wooldridge, C., Zwiers, M. P., and The EU-AIMS LEAP Group

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, cerebellum, Cerebellar Ataxia, Eye Movements, genetic structures, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Audiology, eye tracking, brainstem, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, Dysmetria, biomarker, Eye tracking, locus coeruleus, pupillometry, visual attention, Saccades, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, ddc:610, 05 social sciences, Infant, Newborn, Cognition, Fixation (psychology), medicine.disease, Motor coordination, Psychiatry and Mental health, Autism spectrum disorder, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Saccade, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Pupillometry, Neurotypical, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

Background: Visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by attenuated social attention. The underlying oculomotor function during visual exploration is understudied, whereas oculomotor function during restricted viewing suggested saccade dysmetria in ASD by altered pontocerebellar motor modulation. Methods: Oculomotor function was recorded using remote eye tracking in 142 ASD participants and 142 matched neurotypical controls during free viewing of naturalistic videos with and without human content. The sample was heterogenous concerning age (6–30 years), cognitive ability (60–140 IQ), and male/female ratio (3:1). Oculomotor function was defined as saccade, fixation, and pupil‐dilation features that were compared between groups in linear mixed models. Oculomotor function was investigated as ASD classifier and features were correlated with clinical measures. Results: We observed decreased saccade duration (∆M = −0.50, CI [−0.21, −0.78]) and amplitude (∆M = −0.42, CI [−0.12, −0.72]), which was independent of human video content. We observed null findings concerning fixation and pupil‐dilation features (POWER = .81). Oculomotor function is a valid ASD classifier comparable to social attention concerning discriminative power. Within ASD, saccade features correlated with measures of restricted and repetitive behavior. Conclusions: We conclude saccade dysmetria as ASD oculomotor phenotype relevant to visual exploration. Decreased saccade amplitude and duration indicate spatially clustered fixations that attenuate visual exploration and emphasize endogenous over exogenous attention. We propose altered pontocerebellar motor modulation as underlying mechanism that contributes to atypical (oculo‐)motor coordination and attention function in ASD.

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