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In this paper, after analyzing the VAR model, we design the Gram causality test between human resource management and enterprise performance and establish a structural equation combining multiple regression and factor analysis to explore the interrelationship between the two, in addition to evaluating enterprise performance based on mutation theory. In order to study the relationship between human resource management and enterprise performance, assumptions are made about the relationship between the two, a conceptual model of the role path relationship between human resource management and enterprise performance is established, and the proposed assumptions are empirically analyzed based on the existing literature and actual data. The results show that the coefficient of HR practices is 10.048343, which is significant at the 0.0031 level, and the goodness of fit is 0.403881, and HR practices do have a relatively significant impact on business performance, and the marginal impact is 10.048343, which indicates that HR practices significantly amplify business performance. This study confirms that human resource management is positively correlated with firm performance and that firms can optimize their human resource management strategies, which in turn will enhance their performance and provide impetus for their progress and development.

Canine oral melanoma is the most prevalent malignant tumor in dogs and has a poor prognosis due to its high aggressiveness and high metastasis and recurrence rates. More research is needed into its treatment and to understand its pathogenic factors. In this study, we isolated a canine oral mucosal melanoma (COMM) cell line designated as COMM6605, which has now been stably passaged for more than 100 generations, with a successful monoclonal assay and a cell multiplication time of 22.2 h. G-banded karyotype analysis of the COMM6605 cell line revealed an abnormal chromosome count ranging from 45 to 74, with the identification of a double-armed chromosome as the characteristic marker chromosome of this cell line. The oral intralingual and dorsal subcutaneous implantation models of BALB/c-nu mice were successfully established; Melan-A (MLANA), S100 beta protein (S100β), PNL2, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) were stably expressed positively in the canine oral tumor sections, tumor cell lines, and tumor sections of tumor-bearing mice. Sublines COMM6605-Luc-EGFP and COMM6605-Cherry were established through lentiviral transfection, with COMM6605-Luc-EGFP co-expressing firefly luciferase (Luc) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and COMM6605-Cherry expressing the Cherry fluorescent protein gene. The COMM6605-Luc-EGFP fluorescent cell subline was injected via the tail vein and caused lung and lymph node metastasis, as detected by mouse live imaging, which can be used as an animal model to simulate the latter steps of hematogenous spread during tumor metastasis. The canine oral melanoma cell line COMM6605 and two sublines isolated and characterized in this study can offer a valuable model for studying mucosal melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a crucial national security defense line, the existing risk prevention and screening system of customs falls short in terms of intelligence and diversity for risk identification factors. Hence, the urgent issues to be addressed in the risk identification system include intelligent extraction technology for key information from Customs Unstructured Accompanying Documents (CUADs) and the reliability of the extraction results. In the customs scenario, OCR is employed for M2M interactions, but current models have difficulty adapting to diverse image qualities and complex customs document content. We propose a hybrid mutual learning knowledge distillation (HMLKD) method for optimizing a pre-trained OCR model's performance against such challenges. Additionally, current models lack effective incorporation of domain-specific knowledge, resulting in insufficient text recognition accuracy for practical customs risk identification. We propose a customs domain knowledge graph (CDKG) developed using CUAD knowledge and propose an integrated CDKG post-OCR correction method (iCDKG-PostOCR) based on CDKG. The results on real data demonstrate that the accuracies improve for code text fields to 97.70%, for character type fields to 96.55%, and for numerical type fields to 96.00%, with a confidence rate exceeding 99% for each. Furthermore, the Customs Health Certificate Extraction System (CHCES) developed using the proposed method has been implemented and verified at Tianjin Customs in China, where it has showcased outstanding operational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress has become an important strategy to prevent neuronal death in ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 can significantly improve behavioral abnormalities, reduce infarct size, and decrease the number of apoptotic neurons in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats. However, it remains unclear whether 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress in ischemic stroke and the potential molecular mechanism. In this study, we found that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 notably inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats and maintained the stability of mitochondrial structure and function. Treatment with 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 also decreased the levels of mitochondrial fission proteins (Drp1 and Fis1) and increased the levels of fusion proteins (Opa1, Mfn1, and Mfn2) in MCAO/R rats. Furthermore, we found that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 promoted nuclear aggregation of nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) but did not affect Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein‐1 (Keap1), resulting in the downstream expression of antioxidants. In in vitro oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion stroke models, the results of PC12 cells treated with 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 were consistent with animal experiments. After transfection with Nrf2 short interfering RNA (siRNA), the protective effect of 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 on PC12 cells was reversed. In conclusion, the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a vital position in the anti‐cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury of 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3, and its neuroprotective mechanism is related to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining whether the Green Finance Reform and Innovation Pilot Zone (GFRI) promotes the green investment (GI) of enterprises is practically important for China to achieve the "double carbon" goal early. This study examines the effect of GFRI on GI by the relevant data of listed heavily polluting enterprises in China from 2011 to 2020 and a difference-in-difference model. The results show that GFRI improves the GI of enterprises, and GFRI can enhance GI by promoting reputational costs and loan scale. The improvement effect is also more significant for state-owned enterprises, enterprises with high financing constraints, enterprises in regions with high environmental regulation intensity, and enterprises with executives' financial backgrounds. The improvement in GI can further enhance the value of enterprises after the implementation of GFRI. The study provides a direct answer to the key question of whether the GFRI can actually support high-quality economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) causes considerable economic losses to poultry production. The data on transmission dynamics of IBV in China are limited. The complete genome sequences of 212 IBV isolates in China during 1985–2020 were analyzed as well as the characteristics of the phylogenetic tree, recombination events, dN/dS ratios, temporal dynamics, and phylogeographic relationships. The LX4 type (GI-19) was found to have the highest dN/dS ratios and has been the most dominant genotype since 1999, and the Taiwan-I type (GI-7) and New type (GVI-1) showed an increasing trend. A total of 59 recombinants were identified, multiple recombination events between the field and vaccine strains were found in 24 isolates, and the 4/91-type (GI-13) isolates were found to be more prone to being involved in the recombination. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses indicated that the Chinese IBVs originated from Liaoning province in the early 1900s. The LX4-type viruses were traced back to Liaoning province in the late 1950s and had multiple transmission routes in China and two major transmission routes in the world. Viral phylogeography identified three spread regions for IBVs (including LX4 type) in China: Northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Jilin), north and central China (Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, and Jiangsu), and Southern China (Guangxi and Guangdong). Shandong has been the epidemiological center of IBVs (including LX4 type) in China. Overall, our study highlighted the reasons why the LX4-type viruses had become the dominant genotype and its origin and transmission routes, providing more targeted strategies for the prevention and control of IB in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Although the genetic basis for endosperm development in maize (Zea mays) has been well studied, the mechanism for coordinating grain filling with increasing kernel size remains elusive. Here, we report that increased kernel size was selected during modern breeding and identify a novel DELLA‐like transcriptional regulator, ZmGRAS11, which positively regulates kernel size and kernel weight in maize. We find that Opaque2, a core transcription factor for zein protein and starch accumulation, transactivates the expression of ZmGRAS11. Our data suggest that the Opaque2‐ZmGRAS11 module mediates synergistic endosperm enlargement with grain filling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods for the on-site analysis of food contaminants are in high demand. Although portable Raman spectroscopy is commonly used to test food on-site, it can be challenge to achieve this goal with rapid detection and inexpensive substrate. In this study, we detected trace food contaminants in samples of whole milk powder using the methods that combined chromatography with surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection (SERS). We developed a simple and efficient technique to fabricate the paper with chitosan-modified silver nanoparticles as a SERS-active substrate. The soaking time of paper and the concentration of chitosan solution were optimized for chromatographic separation and SERS detection. We then studied the separation properties for real applications including complex sample matrices, and detected melamine at 1 mg/L, dicyandiamide at 100 mg/L and sodium sulfocyanate at 10 mg/L in whole milk powder. As such, our methods have great potential for field-based detection of milk contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valepotriates, plant secondarymetabolites of the family Valerianaceae, contain various acyloxy group linkages to the valepotriate nucleus and exhibit significant biological activities. Identification of valepotriates is important to uncover potential lead compounds for the development of new sedative and antitumor drugs. However, making their structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is too difficult to be realized because of the overlapped carbonyl carbon signals of acyloxy groups substituted at different positions. Thus, the mass spectrometric profiling of these compounds in positive ion mode was developed to unveil the exact linkage of acyloxy group and the core of valepotriate. In this study, electrospray ionization tandem multistage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MSn) in ion trap and collision-induced dissociation tandem MSwere used to investigate the fragmentation pathways of four types of valepotriates in Valeriana jatamansi, including 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrovaltrate hydrin (5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrovaltrate chlorohydrin), 5,6-dihydrovaltrate hydrin (5,6-dihydrovaltrate chlorohydrin), 5-hydroxy-5,6- dihydrovaltrate and valtrate hydrin (valtrate chlorohydrin). The high-resolutionmass spectrum(HRMS) data of all the investigated valepotriates from quadrupole time-of-flight MS/MS were used as a supportive of the fragmentation rules we hypothesized from ion-trap stepwise MSn. As a result, the loss sequence of acyloxy groups and the abundance of key product ions, in combination with the characteristic product ions corresponding to the valepotriate nucleus, could readily differentiate the four different types of valepotriates. The summarized fragmentation rules were also successfully exploited for the structural characterization of three new trace valepotriates from V. jatamansi. The results indicated that the developed analytical method could be employed as a rapid, effective technique for structural characterization of valepotriates, especially for the trace compounds that could not be identified by NMR techniques. This study may also arouse interest for further structural analysis of other valepotriatecontaining type herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the development of fungal community composition in arable soil during the degradation of straw residue. We explored the short-term responses of the fungal community over 28 days of decomposition in soil using culture-independent polymerase chain reaction in combination with a clone library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Fungal cellobiohydrolase I (cbhI) genes in the soil were also characterized, and their diversity suggested the existence of a different cellulose decomposer. The DGGE profiles based on fungal internal transcribed spacer analysis showed different successions of fungal populations during residue decomposition. Members of Lecythophora and Sordariales were dominant in the early succession, while Hypocrea and Engyodontium were better adapted in the late succession. The succession of fungal communities might be related to changes of residue quality during decomposition. Collectively, sequences assigned to Ascomycota members were dominant at different stages of the fungal succession during decomposition, revealing that they were key drivers responsible for residue degradation in the arable soil tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]