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This paper studies the concepts of "special ecological importance area", "excludable mining zone" and "mining concession", to show the tension between two activities of public interest: the mining activity and the protection duty over special ecological importance areas. Also, the paper analyzes whether mining concessions and environmental licenses create or not, acquired rights for the mining concessioner. This, to conclude if the execution conditions of the mining concessions can be modified due to the creation of a new special ecological importance area, declared and defined as such after the creation of the mining contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]