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Abstract We investigated the Biogran on bone repair and metabolism at several time-intervals upon grafting into rat tibia artificial defects. The biomaterial was thoroughly characterized in vitro, and its dissolution behavior upon immersion was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days. Biogran was also assessed by in vitro hydroxyapatite formation in SBF solution, which is a marker for bioactive behavior. In vivo, distal and proximal bone defects were performed in the Wistar rat's right tibia and filled according to the experimental groups: I) negative control, no filling; II) positive control, 10 mg of autogenous bone; and III) 10 mg of Biogran. Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 weeks. Bone neoformation was analyzed using histomorphometry (proximal defect), and local levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were measured using the ELISA assay (distal defect). In vitro, the Biogran sample showed a fast dissolution rate within the first 7 days, parallel to the formation of the hydroxyapatite layer. In vivo, the sample was progressively resorbed at a higher rate within the first month until it became almost absent at week 10th. The sample presented similar or higher bone neoformation concerning the autogenous bone. BMP-2 levels were sustained in the Biogran group (around 200 pg/mg) and detected until the last experimental time with a significant difference compared with the controls. Results suggest Biogran is a candidate for hard tissue engineering even in highly active bone remodeling sites.

ObjectivesSelective caries removal aims to remove carious tissue in deep dentin lesions. However, a discussion stands on the value of antiseptics and chemomechanical adjuvant methods to reduce the bacterial load on residual caries lesions. This systematic review has addressed two main clinical questions to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of available methods using (1) antiseptic or (2) chemomechanical agents before restoring dentin carious lesions.MethodsWe included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs/ NRCTs). We searched eight databases from inception to October 2021. Paired reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome was the reduction in the number of total bacterial in dentin, whereas secondary outcomes were reduction in the number of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus. We used the ratio of ratio of post-treatment to baseline means between two interventions in the logarithmic scale as a proper effect measure. Certainty of evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsWe included 14 RCTs and 9 NRCTs, with nine interventions. Regardless the method, the number of bacteria at baseline was similar or exceeded that after the intervention, particularly in NRCTs. The evidence was inconclusive for most comparisons. Among antiseptic agents, chlorhexidine (CHX) resulted in an average of 1.14 times [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.21] more total bacterial than photodynamic therapy in RCTs. Among NRCTS, the natural agents resulted in five times more total bacterial than CHX (95% CI: 2–11). For chemomechanical methods, the control resulted in eight times (95% CI: 4–17) more total bacterial than Carisolv (SHAA).ConclusionsThe certainty of the evidence was very low for all comparisons showing uncertainty whether one treatment could be more effective than another for dentin disinfection. So far, exclusively removing soft carious dentin would be enough to reduce the bacterial count.

O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar a experiência do Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora (ODR) em capacitar seu corpo docente e expandir o emprego da plataforma Moodle, durante o período de distanciamento social devido à pandemia da COVID-19. Assim que as aulas presenciais foram suspensas em março de 2020 e antes mesmo de a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) adotar o ensino remoto emergencial (ERE), um questionário sobre o emprego de tecnologias digitais no ensino foi elaborado por uma comissão determinada pela Chefia Departamental e enviado aos docentes. Percebeu-se, assim, a necessidade de capacitação desses profissionais quanto ao uso de tais tecnologias. Professores tutores do ODR planejaram oficinas virtuais com orientação individual, possibilitando o treinamento das funcionalidades da plataforma Moodle. Essa ação permitiu a todas as disciplinas do ODR estruturarem seus ambientes virtuais e tornou o corpo docente apto a empregar as ferramentas disponibilizadas pelo Moodle, garantindo a qualidade do ensino, mesmo que remotamente.