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Abstract: Purpose: Recent development of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows analysis on non-proliferant plasma cells. We describe the most frequent genetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma and their prognostic value. Current knowledge and key points: Most frequent genetic abnormalities are illegitimate rearrangements involving the IGH gene at 14q32 (60% of patients), hyperdiploidy (50 to 60% of patients), chromosome 13 deletion (40 to –50% of patients), chromosome 1q gain (30 to –40% of patients) chromosome 17 deletion (10% of patients). Some of these genetics abnormalities are observed in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) a pre-malignant state. t(4;14) and t(14;16) translocations and chromosome 17 deletion negatively impact the overall survival. Patients with these genomic aberrations should be treated with specific treatment. Future prospects and projects: Identification of genetic abnormalities is important for evaluation of prognosis and treatment protocol in multiple myeloma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]