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Xiaomin Liu,1,* Rui Hu,2,* Hongwei Lian,1,3 Yang Liu,4 Jing Liu,1 Jianwei Liu,1 Guimiao Lin,5 Liwei Liu,6 Xiaojian Duan,1 Ken-Tye Yong,2 Ling Ye1 1Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 4Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 5Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 6School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases diagnosed worldwide with a common complication of diabetic nephropathy (DN). There are multiple possible mechanisms associated with DN. Aldose reductase (AR) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may be involved in the occurrence and development of DN. Here, we describe the distribution of AR and TLR4 in cells and renal tissues of diabetic rats through a quantum dot (QD)-based immunofluorescence technique and conventional immunohistochemistry. As a new type of nanosized fluorophore, QDs have been recognized in imaging applications and have broad prospects in biomedical research. The results of the reported study demonstrate that both the AR and the TLR4 proteins were upregulated in the renal tissues of diabetic rats. Further, to explore the relationship between AR and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of DN, a dual-color immunofluorescent labeling technique based on QDs was applied, where the expressions of AR and TLR4 in the renal tissues of diabetic rats were simultaneously observed – for the first time, as far as we are aware. The optimized QD-based immunofluorescence technique has not only shown a satisfying sensitivity and specificity for the detection of biomarkers in cells and tissues, but also is a valuable supplement of immunohistochemistry. The QD-based multiplexed imaging technology provides a new insight into the mechanistic study of the correlation among biological factors as well as having potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, TLR4, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry

Stephen W Pedersen,1 Martin Suedmeyer,2 Louis W C Liu,3 Dirk Domagk,4 Alison Forbes,5 Lars Bergmann,6 Koray Onuk,6 Ashley Yegin,6 Teus van Laar7 1Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Department of Neurology, University of Düesseldorf, Düesseldorf, Germany; 3Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; 4Department of Medicine I, Josephs-Hospital Warendorf, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Muenster, Warendorf, Germany; 5PDNS consultant, AbbVie Inc., Roswell, GA, USA; 6Global Medical Affairs, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA; 7Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract: A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach is increasingly recommended in Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment guidelines, but no standard of care exists for such an approach, and the guidelines do not provide clarification on how it should be implemented. This paper reviews evidence of MDT interventions in people with PD and provides expert clinical perspectives for an MDT approach, with a focus on advanced PD and levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel (carbidopa–levodopa enteral suspension in the USA). The key recommendations are to enable the best possible treatment of people with PD locally by facilitating a close structured collaboration of different health care professionals working in a fixed network structure; to refer people with PD to established MDT centers in a timely manner; to establish regular meetings for the MDT enabling interdisciplinary exchange and learning; to optimize individual treatment and carefully evaluate available treatment options; to ensure treatment decisions are agreed jointly between people with PD, their caregivers, family, and health care professional; and to include specialists outside of neurology from adjuvant medical departments as necessary when implementing advanced therapies. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, multidisciplinary team, advanced therapy, levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel, carbidopa–levodopa enteral suspension

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resources and services of a pediatric consumer health library by analyzing data collected over a two-year period. Data gathered from May 1998 to May 2000 was analyzed under four major fields: number of requests, origin of requests, subjects of requests, sources of answers. There were a total of 359 reference questions asked. Some were initiated by patients or for patients by hospital staff (292); some were made by hospital employees (43), school nurses (11), insurance companies (8), and health agencies (5). Nurses made the most referrals to the library (78), followed by social workers and physicians (10). Birth defect questions were asked most often (88), followed by psychology (61), cancer (31), pulmonology (31), surgery (25), and others (123). Gale's Health Reference Center database was used 143 times, National Organization of Rare Diseases database was used 56 times, consumer books and videos were used 64 times, Internet was used 28 times, medical books and MEDLINE databases were used 47 times. There were seven questions that were not answered well, and seven others were not answered at all. Conclusion: Data gathered from the analysis demonstrated that the library collection was adequate in meeting the consumer health information needs in Arkansas Children's Hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]