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One of the main goals of submarine designers and researchers is to estimate the influence of submarine fluid dynamics for submarine-based optical tracking and pointing systems. In this study, firstly, based on the basic flow governing equation and hierarchical grids, the numerical simulation method of DNS (direct numerical simulation) is adopted to simulate the seawater flow around the submarine at 6° yaw angle and 10 7 Reynolds number. Secondly, the transformation equations from the earth coordinate system to the optical axis system have been deduced and the ultimate influence of pressure torques on the tracking system is studied. Transfer functions of the coarse channel direct current (DC) torque motor and fine channel fast steering mirror (FSM) also have been modeled and deduced. On this basis, the time domain step responses of both subsystems are analyzed by MATLAB Simulink. Finally, performance analyses have been deduced by comparing the error variation and vortices evolution. It revealed that the frequency characteristics of multi-scale pressure pulsation mainly depended on the lengths of submarine hull or its appendage, as well as the fluid dissipation and random interaction. In general, the coarse channel appears a good compensation performance at low frequency and large amplitude error that caused by the middle-scale pressure pulsation. Contrarily, the FSM fine channel exerts an excellent control effect for higher frequency and small amplitude error caused by small-scale pressure pulsations.

Lung cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy characterized by significant metabolic alterations. Understanding the metabolic rewiring in lung cancer is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) is a metabolic pathway that plays a vital role in cellular metabolism and has been implicated in various cancers, including lung cancer. Abnormal activation of HBP is involved in the proliferation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of tumor cells. In this review, we will discuss the function and regulation of metabolic enzymes related to HBP in lung cancer. Furthermore, the implications of targeting the HBP for lung cancer treatment are also discussed, along with the challenges and future directions in this field. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role and intervention of HBP in lung cancer. Future research focusing on the HBP in lung cancer is essential to uncover novel treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In vivo haploid induction has been extended from maize to monocotyledonous plants like rice, wheat, millet and dicotyledonous plants such as tomato, rapeseed, tobacco and cabbage. Accurate identification of haploids is a crucial step of doubled haploid technology, where a useful identification marker is very pivotal. R1‐nj is an extensively used visual marker for haploid identification in maize. RFP and eGFP have been shown to be feasible in identifying haploid. However, these methods are either limited to specific species, or require specific equipment. It still lacks an efficient visual marker that is practical across different crop species. In this study, we introduced the RUBY reporter, a betalain biosynthesis system, into maize and tomato haploid inducers as a new marker for haploid identification. Results showed that expression of RUBY could result in deep betalain pigmentation in maize embryos as early as 10 days after pollination, and enabled 100% accuracy of immature haploid embryo identification. Further investigation in tomato revealed that the new marker led to deep red pigmentation in radicles and haploids can be identified easily and accurately. The results demonstrated that the RUBY reporter is a background‐independent and efficient marker for haploid identification and would be promising in doubled haploid breeding across different crop species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fog computing has been an effective paradigm of real-time applications in the IoT area, which enables task offloading at network edge devices. Particularly, many emerging vehicular applications require real-time interaction between the terminal users and computation servers, which can be implemented in fog-based architecture. However, it is still challenging to apply fog computing in vehicular networks due to high mobility of vehicles and uneven distribution of vehicle density, which may result in performance degradation, such as unbalanced workload and unexpected task failure. In this article, we investigate a new service scenario of task offloading under a three-layer service architecture, where the resources of vehicular fog (VF), fog server (FS), and central cloud (CC) are utilized in a cooperative way. On this basis, we formulate the probabilistic task offloading (PTO) problem by synthesizing task transmission, computation, and result retrieval, as well as characterizing the heterogeneity of computation servers. The objective of the PTO is to minimize the weighted sum of execution delay, energy consumption, and payment cost. To resolve the PTO problem, we propose a comprehensive task offloading algorithm by combining the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), called ADMM-PSO. The basic idea of the ADMM-PSO is to divide the PTO problem into multiple unconstrained subproblems and achieve the optimal solution in the form of an iterative coordination process. For each iteration, the solution is achieved by solving each subproblem with the PSO and updated based on a designed rule, which is able to converge to the optimal solution when the stop criterion is satisfied. Finally, we build the simulation model and implement the proposed algorithm for performance evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm under a wide range of service scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: In higher plants, the generation and release of viable pollen from anthers is vital for double fertilization and the initiation of seed development. Thus, the characterization of genes related to pollen development and anther dehiscence in plants is of great significance. The F‐box protein COI1 plays a crucial role in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway and interacts with many JAZ family proteins in the presence of jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) or coronatine (COR). The mutation of AtCOI1 in Arabidopsis leads to defective anther dehiscence and male sterility (MS), although COI has not been shown to affect fertility in Zea mays (maize). Here we identified two genes, ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b, that redundantly regulate gametophytic male fertility. Both ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b are highly homologous and constitutively expressed in all tissues tested. Subcellular localization revealed that ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b were located in the nucleus. The coi2a coi2b double mutant, generated by CRISPR/Cas9, had non‐dehiscent anthers, delayed anther development and MS. In addition, coi2a coi2b male gametes could not be transmitted to the next generation because of severe defects in pollen germination. The JA content of coi2a coi2b anthers was unaltered compared with those of the wild type, and the exogenous application of JA could not rescue the fertility defects of coi2a coi2b. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of genes involving the JA signaling transduction pathway, including ZmJAZ3, ZmJAZ4, ZmJAZ5 and ZmJAZ15, was affected in coi2a coi2b. However, yeast two‐hybrid assays showed that ZmJAZs interacted with ZmCOI1s, but not with ZmCOI2s. In conclusion, ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b redundantly regulate anther dehiscence and gametophytic male fertility in maize. Significance Statement: The F‐box protein COI1 plays a crucial role in the jasmonate signaling pathway. However, the function of COI in maize has remained elusive. Here, we identified two genes, ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b, that redundantly regulate anther dehiscence, filament elongation and gametophytic male fertility in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To summarize, we demonstrate that I sldmp i mutants induce I in vivo i maternal haploids in a major dicot crop, tomato, and that identification of haploid embryos is facilitated by the FAST-Red marker. Keywords: tomato; doubled haploid technology; maternal haploid induction; genotype independent EN tomato doubled haploid technology maternal haploid induction genotype independent 250 252 3 01/17/22 20220201 NES 220201 Tomato ( I Solanum lycopersicon i ) is the second largest vegetable crop and the largest fruit crop (Costa and Heuvelink, 2018). Ploidy analysis of 218 putative haploid and 2303 putative diploid seedlings showed that FAST-Red can be used with 100% accuracy for selection of maternal haploids in tomato (Figure 1r). [Extracted from the article]

Fast steering mirrors (FSM) driven by Piezoelectric transducer (PZT) are widely used in various precision stable tracking systems. Aiming to counteract the hysteresis and non-linear interference in PZT, this work applies a radial basis function (RBF) neural network to approximate its nonlinearity. Adaptive backstepping sliding mode (ABSM) controller combinewith a sliding mode control method and backstepping control is designed. Combining the characteristics of PZT and voice coil motors (VCM), the FSM driven by VCM is designed as the power sub-system to ensure that the large-angle deflection of the FSM can match a wider field of view. The FSM driven by PZT is designed as a correction sub-system, which can adjust the system error within a small range. Finally, the power sub-system and the correction sub-system are combined into a two-level precision tracking system. The simulation results show that the maximum steady-state error of the system is about 15 μrad, and the root mean square error is about 10 μrad. Compared with the traditional PI controller, the error is reduced by about 75%, the response speed is up to 10 ms, and the output is smooth without some serious viberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measured uniaxial-head load spectrum in the road simulation test has a large number of useless small loads. When applying the measured load spectrum directly, it will take a lot of time. This paper designs a comprehensive road spectrum measurement system to collect data and proposes a method for editing the uniaxial-head acceleration load spectrum using short-time Fourier transform to speed up the reliability test process and reduce time costs. In this method, the time domain and frequency domain information of the signal is obtained by short-time Fourier transform. The concept of accumulated power spectral density is proposed to identify the reduced load data, and the relative fatigue damage is used as the pass criterion. The length of the edited spectrum is only 66% of the original spectrum through the above-mentioned editing method and retains the relative damage amount of 91%. Finally, through the analysis of time domain, frequency domain, and fatigue statistical parameters, it demonstrates that the short-time Fourier transform–based acceleration load spectrum edition method could achieve a similar fatigue damage to the original spectrum in a shorter time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-to-digital converters (TDCs) using dedicated carry chains of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are usually organized in tapped-delay-line type which are intensively researched in recent years. However this method incurs poor differential nonlinearity (DNL) which arises from the inherent uneven bin granularity. This paper proposes a TDC architecture which utilizes the carry chains in a quite different manner in order to alleviate this long-standing problem. Two independent carry chains working as the delay lines for the fine time interpolation are organized in a ring-oscillator-based Vernier style and the time difference between them is finely adjusted by assigning different number of basic delay cells. A specific design flow is described to obtain the desired delay difference. The TDC was implemented on a Stratix III FPGA. Test results show that the obtained resolution is 31 ps and the DNL\INL is in the range of (−0.080 LSB, 0.073 LSB)\(−0.087 LSB, 0.091 LSB). This demonstrates that the proposed architecture greatly improves linearity compared to previous techniques. Additionally the resource cost is rather low which uses only 319 LUTs and 104 registers per TDC channel. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The flow around a body of revolution with an appendage controlled by electromagnetic force is calculated by a finite volume method in order to assess the influence of the appendage on the flow and the control effect of the electromagnetic force. The Reynolds number (Re) base on the hull length is 1.0 × 107. An electromagnetic actuator is flush-mounted on the surface of the appendage to generate streamwise eletromagnetic force (Lorentz force) for flow control. The flow around the body at straight course and 6° yaw controlled by Lorentz force is simulated and discussed. The results indicate that the elliptical appendage introduces a complex wake structure and force fluctuation. The wake of the appendage has less influence on the boundary layer of the body at 6° yaw than at straight course. When the Reynolds number is as high as 1.0 × 107, the flow field and dynamic characteristic of the body approximate to the Euler solution. The Lorentz force may suppress the near-wall separation from the appendage effectively and reduce the drag and vibration, especially in the straight course case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]