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Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is one of the most common salivary gland malignancies. Current clinical therapies have limitations and cannot efficiently prevent the SACC development and metastasis. Hematogenous and neural spread are the two major routes of SACC metastasis. In this study, a precise and intelligent nanomedicine, RCDT, is designed to combine antivascular photodynamic therapy and neuroinhibitory chemotherapy against SACC. A tumor vessel‐targeted and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive photosensitizer (RC) is synthesized by linking cRGD to chlorin e6 (Ce6) via a bridge between the poly(ethylene glycol) and diselenide bonds. A neural‐targeted and pH‐responsive cytotoxic prodrug (DT) is synthesized by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) with Tet1, a neural‐targeting peptide, via an acidic‐cleavable hydrazone bond. RC and DT are assembled to form RCDT via hydrophobic interactions, thereby shielding Tet1. Under the guidance of cRGD and the photodynamic action of Ce6, RCDT can precisely disrupt the tumor vasculature and simultaneously disintegrate to expose Tet1 by rupturing the diselenide bond. Guided by Tet1, disintegrated RCDT can be specifically internalized into neurons and release DOX to exert neuroinhibitory effects by cleaving the hydrazone bond. Using these stepwise dual‐targeting and dual‐responsive strategies, RCDT can efficiently suppress the growth and metastasis of SACC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Ethylene glycol was selected as the potential solvent based on UNIFAC and COSMO-SAC model. • The high extraction capacity of ethylene glycol was proved by the LLE experiment. • NRTL and UNIQUAC models could accurately describe LLE behavior of this system. • The feasible approach to screen extractant was provided for the separation of phenols. Abstract The separation of phenolic compounds from low temperature coal tar has great significance for further application of the coal tar. In this paper, the separation of special phenolic compounds from model coal tar (phenols + toluene) was studied. The universal quasi chemical functional group activity coefficient (UNIFAC) and conductor-like screening model COSMO-SAC (segment activity coefficient) was carried out to screen suitable solvent. Ethylene glycol was selected as the potential solvent to extract the phenols from aromatic hydrocarbon, evaluated by area of two-phase region and the criterion of solvent power (S P i ∞), selectivity (S ∞) and performance index (PI). Liquid-liquid equilibria of the ethylene glycol + phenols + toluene ternary systems were measured in the temperature range (303.15–323.15) K under 101.3 kPa, and the results showed that ethylene glycol has a high extraction efficiency with distribution coefficient (between 2 and 12) and selectivity (between 7 and 255). Moreover, the NRTL and UNIQUAC models were successfully applied to correlate the experimental LLE data with RMSD less than 1.85%, indicating that both models can accurately describe LLE behaviour of this system. Thus, the corresponding binary interaction parameters would be helpful for separation process designing or optimizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disused osteoporosis is a kind of osteoporosis, a common age-related disease. Neurological disorders are major risk factors for osteoporosis. Though there are many studies on disuse osteoporosis, the genetic mechanisms for the association between glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis in osteoblasts with disuse osteoporosis are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the key genes and other related mechanism of ferroptosis and glutathione metabolism in osteoblast differentiation and disuse osteoporosis. By weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), the process of osteoblast differentiation-related genes was studied in GSE30393. And the related functional pathways were found through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. By combining GSE1367 and GSE100933 together, key genes which were separately bound up with glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis were located. The correlation of these key genes was analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. GSTM1 targeted agonist glutathione (GSH) selected by connectivity map (CMap) analysis was used to interfere with the molding disused osteoporosis process in MC3T3-E1 cells. RT-PCR and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed. Two important pathways, glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis pathways, were found. GSTM1 and TFRC were thought as key genes in disuse osteoporosis osteoblasts with the two mechanisms. The two genes have a strong negative correlation. Our experiment results showed that the expression of TFRC was consistent with the negative correlation with the activation process of GSTM1. The strong relationship between the two genes was proved. Glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis are important in the normal differentiation of osteoblasts and the process of disuse osteoporosis. GSTM1 and TFRC were the key genes. The two genes interact with each other, which can be seen as a bridge between the two pathways. The two genes participate in the process of reducing ROS in disuse osteoporosis osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we describe how Java can be used to implement an object-based, cross-domain, mixed initiative spoken dialogue manager (DM). We describe how dialogue that crosses between several business domains can be modelled as an inheriting and collaborating suite of objects suitable for implementation in Java. We describe the main features of the Java implementation and how the Java dialogue manager can be interfaced via the Galaxy software hub, as used in the DARPA-sponsored Communicator projects in the United States, with the various off-the-shelf components that are needed in a complete end-to-end spoken dialogue system. We describe the interplay of the Java components in the course of typical dialogue turns and present an example of the sort of dialogue that the Java DM can support. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A jumping leg with one degree of freedom (DOF) is characterized by high rigidity and simple control. However, robots are prone to motion failure because they might tip over during the jumping process due to reduced mechanism flexibility. Mechanism design, configuration optimization, and experimentation were conducted in this study to achieve jumping stability for a bioinspired robot. With locusts as the imitated object, a one-DOF jumping leg mechanism was designed taking Stephenson-type six-bar mechanism as reference, and kinematic and dynamic models were established. The rotation angle of the trunk and the total inertia moment were used as stability criteria, and the sensitivity of different links to the target was analyzed in detail. With high-sensitivity link lengths as the optimization parameters, a configuration optimization method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed in consideration of the different constraint conditions of the jumping leg mechanism. Optimization results show that this method can considerably improve optimization efficiency. A prototype of the robot was developed, and the experiment showed that the optimized trunk rotation angle and total inertia moment were within a small range and can thus meet the requirements of jumping stability. This work provides a reference for the design of jumping and legged robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The mechanisms ensuring specific incorporation of CENP-A at centromeres are poorly understood. Mis16 and Mis18 are required for CENP-A localization at centromeres and form a complex that is conserved from fission yeast to human. Fission yeast sim1 mutants that alleviate kinetochore domain silencing are defective in Scm3Sp, the ortholog of budding yeast Scm3Sc. Scm3Sp depends on Mis16/18 for its centromere localization and like them is recruited to centromeres in late anaphase. Importantly, Scm3Sp coaffinity purifies with CENP-ACnp1 and associates with CENP-ACnp1 in vitro, yet localizes independently of intact CENP-ACnp1 chromatin and is differentially released from chromatin. While Scm3Sc has been proposed to form a unique hexameric nucleosome with CENP-ACse4 and histone H4 at budding yeast point centromeres, we favor a model in which Scm3Sp acts as a CENP-ACnp1 receptor/assembly factor, cooperating with Mis16 and Mis18 to receive CENP-ACnp1 from the Sim3 escort and mediate assembly of CENP-ACnp1 into subkinetochore chromatin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]