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For metastatic prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the key strategy to control the disease. However, after 18–24 months of treatment, most patients will progress from metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) even with ADT. Once patients enter into mCRPC, they face with significant declines in quality of life and a dramatically reduced survival period. Thus, doublet therapy, which combines ADT with new hormone therapy (NHT) or ADT with docetaxel chemotherapy, substitutes ADT alone and has become the "gold standard" for the treatment of mHSPC. In recent years, triplet therapy, which combines ADT with NHT and docetaxel chemotherapy, has also achieved impressive effects in mHSPC. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent applications of the triplet therapy in the field of mHSPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-eddy simulation (LES) of the Navier–Stokes equations is carried out to investigate the supersonic turbulent boundary layer (STBL) developing over a flat plate at free-stream Mach number M ∞ =2.0 and Reynolds number R e δ ≈ 13 500. The seventh-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO-7) scheme is adopted to ensure calculation accuracy. To demonstrate the credibility of the proposed improvements, a posteriori test is conducted. Other LES-like methods are also adopted for comparison. The validation results show that WENO-LES can provide credible predictions when grid resolution is sufficient. Thus, current LES results can be regarded as a reliable database for further analysis. The distributions of flow topologies and turbulent statistics are obtained after time average operation. A preliminary conclusion can be drawn that the position y + ≈ 14 in buffer layer may be the appropriate interface for Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and LES computations of LES-like methods in STBL. Diverse length scales in LES-like methods are calculated based on high-fidelity flow fields. On this basis, a blending function is added to the original von Karman length formula. A dissipation-adaptive length scale is proposed for the scale-adaptive simulation (SAS) method. A comparison of the original SAS and delayed-DES (DDES) methods reveals that the improved method exhibits grid-independent characteristics of RANS/LES interface. Furthermore, the coherent vortical structures and flow visualization of the a posteriori test indicate that the improved method has a satisfactory ability to promote the generation of small-scale structures and to capture turbulent fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separated flow past a 6:1:1 spheroid is numerically investigated by means of the scale-adaptive simulation technique. The Reynolds number based on the free-stream velocity and the diameter at middle-section of the spheroid is located in the subcritical regime, i.e., Re = 3900. In comparison with the circular cylinder at the same Reynolds number, about 35% drag reduction is acquired by the spheroid, and the fluctuations of lift and drag are suppressed effectively. According to the detailed comparison, the satisfactory drag reduction and suppression of fluctuating force obtained by the spheroid are closely associated with the higher base-pressure and lower turbulent fluctuations in the near wake. Abundant contrasts of the different spanwise sections are presented to reveal the mechanism of constrained flow and apex effect of the spheroid. In addition, in order to provide reliable data for testing and developing turbulence models, a large number of turbulence statistics are computed and compared with previous data of the circular cylinder and sphere at comparable Reynolds numbers. Lower Reynolds stress peaks and less vigorous coherent structures indicate that the three-dimensional force and constrained flow caused by the spheroid can lead to the formation of steady shear layer and vortex separation. Furthermore, proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition are employed to understand the large-scale wake flow structures behind the spheroid. The modal analysis results confirm that the wake of the spheroid is more stable than the circular cylinder, reconfirming the effective flow control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between psychological resilience and social support and anxiety in obstetric nurses and to provide theoretical basis for improving the mental health of obstetric nurses.

To study the complications of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing renal replacement therapy with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This retrospective study reviewed the clinical data, including general information, examination results, treatment times, time interval, and postoperative complications, of 103 SHPT patients who received ultrasound-guided RFA treatment from July 2017 to January 2021. Of 103 patients, 52 required two sessions of RFA within a month. The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury at the second treatment was significantly higher than that at the first treatment (first session vs. second session, 5.77% vs. 21.15%; p =.021). Of all the enrolled 103 patients, 27 suffered complications after the first session of RFA. When we separated patients into complications group and non-complication group, we detected more ablated nodules in the complications group (Z = −2.222; p =.0026). Subgroup analysis further showed that the patients in the severe hypocalcemia group were younger (p =.005), had more ablated nodules (p =.003) and higher blood phosphorus (p =.012) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (p =.002). Univariate analysis showed that age, serum phosphorus, ALP, and number of ablated nodules were associated with a higher risk of severe hypocalcemia after the first session of RFA. An interval of more than 1 month between two treatments may help to avoid recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Age, serum phosphorus, ALP, and number of ablated nodules were associated with a higher risk of severe hypocalcemia after the first session of RFA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand moulds are used in the casting process. However, after heating, the binder in the sand loses the binding properties, and the most part of the foundry sand has to be discarded from the process. The waste foundry sand after the regeneration can be recycled, and reclamation can reduce the production cost and lower waste emissions. The objective of this work was to investigate the possibility of reusing the animal glue binder waste foundry sand from the study of three regeneration methods. Studies with the waste foundry sand and reclaimed sand were performed in order to compare the results obtained with raw sand. The characterization of the samples was performed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results show that the waste sand was regenerated by mechanical regeneration, thermal regeneration and wet reclamation, respectively. The reclaimed sands have a better performance than the waste foundry sand, and are similar to raw sand. Further, the wet regeneration method is the best one among the three methods.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical emergency caused by the rapid decline of renal function caused by various etiologies. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) can promote renal tubular regeneration and improve kidney function in AKI, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of GDF11 in ameliorating AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods: An animal model of AKI was established by I/R method, and the changes of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were measured to evaluate the AKI. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure cytokines, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase, and arginase 1 levels. Flow cytometry was used to count the M1/M2 macrophages. IHC, WB, and q-PCR experiments were used to evaluate the expression of GDF11. Results: The changes in serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine after I/R suggest that an animal model of AKI induced by I/R was successfully established. AKI caused by I/R significantly changed the M1/M2 macrophage polarization balance, with an increase in M2 being significantly higher than M1 as well as increased oxidative stress. Treatment with GDF11 after I/R significantly increased the differentiation of M2 cells and inhibited the differentiation of M1 macrophages, as well as decreased oxidative stress. Conclusion: GDF11 can promote the repair of AKI caused by I/R by regulating the balance of M1/M2 polarization in macrophages and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the interfacial energy of various inorganic salts was calculated using the first principle. Finally, NaCl and Na2SO4 were determined as the core materials. A high-strength composite salt core was prepared by optimizing the distribution ratio of the salt core components. The microstructure of the salt core fracture was observed and characterized by SEM and EDS, and the strengthening mechanism of the salt core after the composite was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the strength of the composite salt core was significantly improved compared with the single salt. The bending strength of the salt core reached 24 MPa when the pouring temperature was 800 °C and the molar ratio of NaCl to Na2SO4 was 7:3. Cracks were first generated in the dendrite zone and extended to the surface of the salt core when the salt core was subjected to an external force. After compounding, the structure of the salt core strengthening zone was more complex, the crystal grains were significantly refined, and herringbone patterns appeared. The composite salt blocks are distributed in the strengthening zone and play a leading role in improving the strength of the salt core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The P genome of Agropyron Gaertn., a wild relative of wheat, contains an abundance of desirable genes that can be utilized as genetic resources to improve wheat. In this study, wheat--Aegilops cylindrica Host gametocidal chromosome 2C addition lines were crossed with wheat--Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. disomic addition line accession II-21 with alien recombinant chromosome (1x4)P. We successfully induced wheat--A. cristatum alien chromosomal translocations for the first time. The frequency of translocation in the progeny was 3.75%, which was delected by molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The translocation chromosomes were identified by dual-color GISH /fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The P genomic DNA was used as probe to detect the (1x4)P chromosome fragment, and pH\G39, pAs1, or pSc119.2 repeated sequences were used as probes to identify wheat translocated chromosomes. The results showed that six types of translocations were identified in the three wheat--A. cristatum alien translocation lines, including the whole arm or terminal portion of a (1x4)P chromosome. The (1x4)P chromosome fragments were translocated to wheat chromosomes 1B, 2B, 5B, and 3D. The breakpoints were located at the centromeres of 1B and 2B, the pericentric locations of 5BS, and the terminals of 5BL and 3DS. In addition, we obtained 12 addition-deletion lines that contained alien A. cristatum chromosome (1x4)P in wheat background. All of these wheat--A. cristatum alien translocation lines and addition-deletion lines would be valuable for identifying A. cristatum chromosome (1x4)P- related genes and providing genetic resources and new germplasm accessions for the genetic improvement of wheat. The specific molecular markers of A cristatum (1x4)P chromosome have been developed and used to track the (1x4)P chromatin. Key words: wheat, A cristatum, alien chromosomal translocation, in situ hybridization, molecular markers. Le genome P de l'Agropyron Gaertn., une espece sauvage apparentee au ble, contient plusieurs genes d'interet et pourrait servir de ressource genetique pour ameliorer le ble. Dans ce travail, des lignees d'addition ble-Aegilops cylindrica Host contenant le chromosome gametocide 2C ont ete croisees avec la lignee II-21, une lignee d'addition disomique ble-Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. qui contient tin chromosome recombinant (1x4)P. Les auteurs ont reussi pour la premiere fois a induire des translocations ble-A cristatum. La frequence de translocations au sein de la progeniture etait de 3,75 %, celles-ci etant detectees a l'aide de marqueurs moleculaires et d'hybridation genomique in situ (GISH). Les chromosomes impliques dans ces translocations ont ete identifies par analyse GISH/FISH en deux couleurs. L'ADN du genome P a ete employe comme sonde pour detecter le fragment du chromosome (1x4)P, tandis que les sequences repetees pHvG39, pAs1 ou pSc119,2 ont ete utilisees comme sondes pour identifier les chromosomes du ble impliques dans les translocations. Les fragments du chromosome (1x4)P ont ete transported sur les chromosomes 1B, 2B, 5B ou 3D. Les cassures etaient situees a l'endroit des centromeres pour les chromosomes 1B et 2B, dans les regions pericentromeriques chez 5BS et aux extremites des chromosomes 5BL et 3DS. De plus, les auteurs ont obtenu douze lignees d'addition-deletion contenant le chromosome (1x4)P entier de l'A cristatum chez le ble. Toutes ces lignees portant des translocations ou des additions-deletions ble-A cristatum pourraient s'averer utiles pour identifier des genes pontes sur le chromosome (1x4)P de l'A cristatum. Elles constituent egalement des ressources genetiques et de nouvelles accessions pour P amelioration genetique du ble. Des marqueurs moleculaires specifiques du chromosome (1x4)P de PA cristatum ont ete developpes et seront utiles pour suivre la chromatine (1x4)P. Les resullals ont montre que six types de translocation ont ete documented au sein de trois lignees de translocation ble-A cristatum, incluanl un bras entier ou la portion terminale du chromosome (1x4)P. Mots-cles : ble, A. cristatum, translocation chromosomique etrangere, hybridation in situ, marqueurs moleculaires. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The limitation of wheat genetic resources has been a major obstacle in wheat breeding. Wild relatives of wheat contain an abundance of desirable genes that can be used to [...]

In this work, high‐performance VO2 Mott memristors with the simple via‐hole structure of Pt/VO2/Pt are fabricated on flexible Kapton polymide (PI) substrate with high endurance (>104 sweep‐voltage cycles), good bending stability (>103), and low operating current (<130 µA). The electrical properties of flexible memristor are well modeled by using the 3D Poole–Frenkel emission and Newton's law of cooling considering the temperature dependence of electrical and thermal properties of VO2. As a result, a flexible artificial spiking warm receptor is achieved by using a single VO2 Mott memristor driven by a current source. And an oscillation circuit model is presented to thoroughly study the effects of the memristor electrical properties on the spiking frequency. With the stimulus temperature elevated from 20 to 40 °C, the spiking frequency of artificial spiking warm receptor first increases, then falls off rather quickly to zero at the higher temperature of 45 °C, resembling the response characteristics of biological warm receptors. Hence, the proposed flexible artificial spiking warm receptor is a promising candidate for the bio‐inspired electronic skin of spike‐based intelligence machines with neuromorphic computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the multilevel resistive random access memories (RRAMs) have been achieved by using the structure of Pt/MoO3/Hf/MoO3/Pt with four stable resistance states. The devices show good retention property of each state (>104 s) and large memory window (>104). The simulation and experimental study reveal that the resistive switching mechanism is ascribed to combination of the conductive filament in the stack of MoO3/Hf next to the top electrode and redox reaction at the interface of Hf/MoO3 next to bottom electrode. The fitting results of current–voltage characteristics under low sweep voltage indicate that the conduction of HRSs is dominated by the Poole–Frenkel emission and that of LRS is governed by the Ohmic conduction. Based on the RRAM, the tunable high-pass filter (HPF) with configurable filtering characteristics has been realized. The gain-frequency characteristics of the programmable HPF show that the filter has high resolution and wide programming range, demonstrating the viability of the multilevel RRAMs for future spiking neural network and shrinking the programmable filters with low power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]