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8. Earlier snowmelt may lead to late season declines in plant productivity and carbon sequestration in Arctic tundra ecosystems

Author

Zona, Donatella, Lafleur, Peter M., Hufkens, Koen, Bailey, Barbara, Gioli, Beniamino, Burba, George, Goodrich, Jordan P., Liljedahl, Anna K., Euskirchen, Eugénie S., Watts, Jennifer D., Farina, Mary, Kimball, John S., Heimann, Martin, Göckede, Mathias, Pallandt, Martijn, Christensen, Torben R., Mastepanov, Mikhail, López-Blanco, Efrén, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Dolman, Albertus J., Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Commane, Roisin, Wofsy, Steven C., Miller, Charles E., Lipson, David A., Hashemi, Josh, Arndt, Kyle A., Kutzbach, Lars, Holl, David, Boike, Julia, Wille, Christian, Sachs, Torsten, Kalhori, Aram, Song, Xia, Xu, Xiaofeng, Humphreys, Elyn R., Koven, Charles D., Sonnentag, Oliver, Meyer, Gesa, Gosselin, Gabriel H., Marsh, Philip, and Oechel, Walter C.

Published
2022
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23. Blood eosinophils and treatment response with triple and dual combination therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of the IMPACT trial

Author

Pascoe, Steven, Barnes, Neil, Brusselle, Guy, Compton, Chris, Criner, Gerard J, Dransfield, Mark T, Halpin, David M G, Han, MeiLan K, Hartley, Benjamin, Lange, Peter, Lettis, Sally, Lipson, David A, Lomas, David A, Martinez, Fernando J, Papi, Alberto, Roche, Nicolas, van der Valk, Ralf J P, Wise, Robert, and Singh, Dave

Published
2019
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25. Modeling microbial carbon fluxes and stocks in global soils from 1901 to 2016.

Author

He, Liyuan, Rodrigues, Jorge L. Mazza, Mayes, Melanie A., Lai, Chun-Ta, Lipson, David A., and Xu, Xiaofeng

Subjects
SOILS, SOIL moisture, SOIL temperature, SOIL microbiology, SOIL dynamics
Abstract

Soil microbes play a crucial role in the carbon (C) cycle; however, they have been overlooked in predicting the terrestrial C cycle. We applied a microbial-explicit Earth system model – the Community Land Model-Microbe (CLM-Microbe) – to investigate the dynamics of soil microbes during 1901 to 2016. The CLM-Microbe model was able to reproduce the variations of gross (GPP) and net (NPP) primary productivity, heterotrophic (HR) and soil (SR) respiration, microbial (MBC) biomass C in fungi (FBC) and bacteria (BBC) in the top 30 cm and 1 m, and dissolved (DOC) and soil organic C (SOC) in the top 30 cm and 1 m during 1901–2016. During the study period, simulated C variables increased by approximately 12 PgC yr -1 for HR, 25 PgC yr -1 for SR, 1.0 PgC for FBC and 0.4 PgC for BBC in 0–30 cm, and 1.2 PgC for FBC and 0.7 PgC for BBC in 0–1 m. Increases in microbial C fluxes and pools were widely found, particularly at high latitudes and in equatorial regions, but we also observed their decreases in some grids. Overall, the area-weighted averages of HR, SR, FBC, and BBC in the top 1 m were significantly correlated with those of soil moisture and soil temperature in the top 1 m. These results suggested that microbial C fluxes and pools were jointly governed by vegetation C input and soil temperature and moisture. Our simulations revealed the spatial and temporal patterns of microbial C fluxes and pools in response to environmental change, laying the foundation for an improved understanding of soil microbial roles in the global terrestrial C cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. The fate of biological soil crusts after fire: A meta-analysis

Author

Palmer Brianne, Hernandez Rebecca, and Lipson David

Subjects
Biological soil crusts, Fire, Meta-analysis, Biocrusts, Cryptobiotic crusts, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Fire is a global disturbance that is predicted to increase in frequency and severity in many parts of the world due to climate change. Biological soil crust (biocrust) communities are often overlooked in fire studies despite having a substantial effect on ecological function and the adjacent communities. The goal of this study is to synthesize and analyze existing data elucidating the recovery of biocrust cover following fire at the global-scale and suggest avenues for future research. We performed a meta-analysis of studies from 1984 to 2019 to address the response of biocrust after fire and determine the moderating factors governing their response. Overall, fire reduced biocrust cover by 50% and had a significantly negative effect on biocrusts classified as cyanobacteria or algal dominated. Additionally, as time since fire increased, total biocrust cover increased but this response was modulated by biocrust type indicating compliance with traditional biocrust successional models. However, there was significant unexplained heterogeneity within the meta-analysis. This reflects a critical need for more studies specifically addressing the effect of fire on biocrust communities as they are an ecosystem engineer in drylands around the world. We suggest more thorough characterization of biocrust organisms through field and laboratory studies to understand the mechanisms of biocrust response to fire. Additionally, research is needed across a broader geographic range to represent the known distribution of biocrust communities, particularly as fires increase in severity and scope.

Published
2020
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27. Global phylogeography and ancient evolution of the widespread human gut virus crAssphage

Author

Edwards, Robert A., Vega, Alejandro A., Norman, Holly M., Ohaeri, Maria, Levi, Kyle, Dinsdale, Elizabeth A., Cinek, Ondrej, Aziz, Ramy K., McNair, Katelyn, Barr, Jeremy J., Bibby, Kyle, Brouns, Stan J. J., Cazares, Adrian, de Jonge, Patrick A., Desnues, Christelle, Díaz Muñoz, Samuel L., Fineran, Peter C., Kurilshikov, Alexander, Lavigne, Rob, Mazankova, Karla, McCarthy, David T., Nobrega, Franklin L., Reyes Muñoz, Alejandro, Tapia, German, Trefault, Nicole, Tyakht, Alexander V., Vinuesa, Pablo, Wagemans, Jeroen, Zhernakova, Alexandra, Aarestrup, Frank M., Ahmadov, Gunduz, Alassaf, Abeer, Anton, Josefa, Asangba, Abigail, Billings, Emma K., Cantu, Vito Adrian, Carlton, Jane M., Cazares, Daniel, Cho, Gyu-Sung, Condeff, Tess, Cortés, Pilar, Cranfield, Mike, Cuevas, Daniel A., De la Iglesia, Rodrigo, Decewicz, Przemyslaw, Doane, Michael P., Dominy, Nathaniel J., Dziewit, Lukasz, Elwasila, Bashir Mukhtar, Eren, A. Murat, Franz, Charles, Fu, Jingyuan, Garcia-Aljaro, Cristina, Ghedin, Elodie, Gulino, Kristen M., Haggerty, John M., Head, Steven R., Hendriksen, Rene S., Hill, Colin, Hyöty, Heikki, Ilina, Elena N., Irwin, Mitchell T., Jeffries, Thomas C., Jofre, Juan, Junge, Randall E., Kelley, Scott T., Khan Mirzaei, Mohammadali, Kowalewski, Martin, Kumaresan, Deepak, Leigh, Steven R., Lipson, David, Lisitsyna, Eugenia S., Llagostera, Montserrat, Maritz, Julia M., Marr, Linsey C., McCann, Angela, Molshanski-Mor, Shahar, Monteiro, Silvia, Moreira-Grez, Benjamin, Morris, Megan, Mugisha, Lawrence, Muniesa, Maite, Neve, Horst, Nguyen, Nam-phuong, Nigro, Olivia D., Nilsson, Anders S., O’Connell, Taylor, Odeh, Rasha, Oliver, Andrew, Piuri, Mariana, Prussin II, Aaron J., Qimron, Udi, Quan, Zhe-Xue, Rainetova, Petra, Ramírez-Rojas, Adán, Raya, Raul, Reasor, Kim, Rice, Gillian A. O., Rossi, Alessandro, Santos, Ricardo, Shimashita, John, Stachler, Elyse N., Stene, Lars C., Strain, Ronan, Stumpf, Rebecca, Torres, Pedro J., Twaddle, Alan, Ugochi Ibekwe, MaryAnn, Villagra, Nicolás, Wandro, Stephen, White, Bryan, Whiteley, Andy, Whiteson, Katrine L., Wijmenga, Cisca, Zambrano, Maria M., Zschach, Henrike, and Dutilh, Bas E.

Published
2019
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33. Single-inhaler triple therapy fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol versus fluticasone furoate/vilanterol and umeclidinium/vilanterol in patients with COPD: results on cardiovascular safety from the IMPACT trial

Author

Day, Nicola C., Kumar, Subramanya, Criner, Gerard, Dransfield, Mark, Halpin, David M. G., Han, MeiLan K., Jones, C. Elaine, Kaisermann, Morrys C., Kilbride, Sally, Lange, Peter, Lomas, David A., Martin, Neil, Martinez, Fernando J., Singh, Dave, Wise, Robert, and Lipson, David A.

Published
2020
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35. Homeostatic evidence of management-induced phosphorus decoupling from soil microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

Author

Zhang, Lihua, Jia, Lizhi, He, Liyuan, Lipson, David A, Wang, Yihui, Wang, Shunzhong, and Xu, Xiaofeng

Subjects
CARBON metabolism, NITROGEN in soils, PHOSPHORUS in water, CARBON in soils, LAND management, STRUCTURAL equation modeling, NUTRIENT cycles
Abstract

The theory of microbial stoichiometry can predict the proportional coupling of microbial assimilation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). The proportional coupling is quantified by the homeostasis value (H). Covariation of H values for C, N, and P indicates that microbial C, N, and P assimilation are coupled. Here, we used a global dataset to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of H values of microbial C, N, and P across biomes. We found that land use and management led to the decoupling of P from C and N metabolism over time and across space. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that edaphic factors dominate the microbial homeostasis of P, while soil elemental concentrations dominate the homeostasis of C and N. This result was further confirmed using the contrasting factors on microbial P vs. microbial C and N derived from a machine-learning algorithm. Overall, our study highlights the impacts of management on shifting microbial roles in nutrient cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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45. Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget

Author

Zona, Donatella, Gioli, Beniamino, Commane, Róisín, Lindaas, Jakob, Wofsy, Steven C., Miller, Charles E., Dinardo, Steven J., Dengel, Sigrid, Sweeney, Colm, Karion, Anna, Chang, Rachel Y.-W., Henderson, John M., Murphy, Patrick C., Goodrich, Jordan P., Moreaux, Virginie, Liljedahl, Anna, Watts, Jennifer D., Kimball, John S., Lipson, David A., and Oechel, Walter C.

Published
2016

50. Taxonomic and functional restoration of tallgrass prairie soil microbial communities in comparison to remnant and agricultural soils.

Author

Mason, Cayla N, Shahar, Shayla, Beals, Kendall K, Kelley, Scott T, Lipson, David A, Swingley, Wesley D, and Barber, Nicholas A

Subjects
AGRICULTURE, MICROBIAL communities, SOILS, PRESCRIBED burning, SOIL microbiology, SOIL microbial ecology, ECOSYSTEMS
Abstract

Restoring ecosystems requires the re-establishment of diverse soil microbial communities that drive critical ecosystem functions. In grasslands, restoration and management require the application of disturbances like fire and grazing. Disturbances can shape microbial taxonomic composition and potentially functional composition as well. We characterized taxonomic and functional gene composition of soil communities using whole genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing to determine how restored soil communities differed from pre-restoration agricultural soils and original remnant soils, how management affects soil microbes, and whether restoration and management affect the number of microbial genes associated with carbohydrate degradation. We found distinct differences in both taxonomic and functional diversity and composition among restored, remnant, and agricultural soils. Remnant soils had low taxonomic and functional richness and diversity, as well as distinct composition, indicating that restoration of agricultural soils does not re-create soil microbial communities that match remnants. Prescribed fire management increased functional diversity, which also was higher in more recently planted restorations. Finally, restored and post-fire soils included high abundances of genes encoding cellulose-degrading enzymes, so restorations and their ongoing management can potentially support functions important in carbon cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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