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The curricular approach to student learning beyond the classroom is a strategic way to be proactive with designing, executing, and assessing student learning. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive case study is to understand the perceptions of one senior administrator in academic affairs, housing employees, and student leaders at one institution where a curricular approach was adopted. Research methods included semi-structured interviews, document analysis, focus groups, and photo elicitation. Findings from the study revealed that participants perceived the following benefits of adopting a curricular approach: improved clarity on the department's direction, better strategic standards and structures for staff, and an enhanced sense of voice for some staff. Participants perceived the downsides of adopting a curricular approach to be: not all student populations benefitted equally from a one-size-fits-all approach, physical space limitations, and lack of communication and clarity about the curricular approach language.

ABSTRACTRenal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially clear cell RCC, is generally considered an immunotherapy-responsive cancer. Recently, the prognosis for patients with locally advanced and metastatic RCC has significantly improved with the regulatory approvals of anti-PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens. Yet in most cases, RCC will remain initially unresponsive to treatment or will develop resistance over time. Hence, there remains an unmet need to understand what leads to ICI resistance and to develop novel immune and nonimmune treatments to enhance the response to ICIs. In this review, we highlight recently published studies and the latest clinical studies investigating the next generation of immune approaches to locally advanced and metastatic RCC beyond traditional ICIs. These trials include cytokines, gut microbiota-based therapies, novel immune checkpoint agents, vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. These agents are being evaluated as monotherapy or in combination with traditional ICIs and will hopefully provide improved outcomes to patients with RCC soon.

In the absence of mass peace movements, how should the work of peace and nuclear disarmament go forward in the shadow of the Ukraine war? The attack on Ukraine by the government of Russia is an illegal war of aggression and must be strongly condemned. There should be immediate and unconditional negotiations to end hostilities, and then to work towards a fair and inclusive common security framework in Europe. All governments must come to the table with humility, recognizing their collective responsibility for bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war. Even if a greater catastrophe is avoided, the world already is much changed. Those who hold power in the United States and its allies are responding with calls for more arms spending and more forward deployment of military forces. The people of the world must respond with a peace movement not aligned with the government of any state. We must find ways to bring together the strands of emerging movements for a more fair, peaceful, and ecologically sustainable way of life. A first step is a better understanding of the causes in this moment of resurgent authoritarian nationalisms, arms racing, and war.

Introduction: This study evaluates trends in drug-related death cases within both Pasco and Pinellas County, Florida, from the calendar years 2011 to 2016. Specifically, it focuses on opioids and the role of fentanyl in overdose-related mortality in rural versus suburban populations. Methods: Two sets of data from each calendar year were obtained from a Medical Examiner's Office. These data were compared by year to assess differences using the nonparametric ANOVA test with the statistical software SAS, University Edition. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess which drugs occurred most frequently in the presence or absence of fentanyl. Results: There was not a significant difference in the month of the year or the day of the week that drug-related fatalities occurred. More drug-related mortalities occurred during daylight hours (e.g., 8:00 AM–4:00 PM) and more fentanyl-related mortalities occurred in Pinellas County compared to Pasco County. Fentanyl and heroin tended to co-occur in mortalities, while ethanol, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, and methadone were negatively associated with fentanyl-related overdose cases. Conclusion: The characteristics of drug-related mortalities identified here may be used to better target interventions against drug abuse and overdose.

The aim of this paper is to compare “Zapiski Vracha” (“Confessions of a Physician”, first published in 1901) by Vikenty Veresaev to “Aerztliche Ethik” (“Doctors’ Ethics”, first published in 1902; two Russian editions were published in 1903 and 1904) by Albert Moll. It starts with an overview of medical ethics in Russia at the turn of the 20th century in relation to zemstvo medicine, followed by reception of Veresaev’s “Confessions of a Physician” by Russian and German physicians, and of Moll’s “Doctors’ Ethics” in Russia. Comparison of these two books may serve as a good example of a search for common philosophical foundations of medical ethics as well as the impact of national cultural traditions.

Background and Aim: This is a retrospective epidemiological study, based on ICD-10 system, using statistical data from the Cyprus Statistical Service official archives. To estimate the spinal cord injury incidence and its characteristics like gender preference and hospitalization, in Cyprus people, over a 10-year period of time. The study investigated cases that have occurred within the territory of the Republic of Cyprus. Methods and Materials/Patients: The data from the Cyprus Statistical Service official archives were reviewed based upon the ICD-10 searching, using annual reports, from 2005 to 2014. The extracted information included the number of hospitalized patients, using ICD-10 codes S14, S24 and S34, sex and days of hospitalization. In order to report the incidence rates, we used the Cyprus Statistical Service official demographic data. Results: The Mean Spinal Cord and the related Nerves Injury (SCI and NI) incidence was calculated to be 0.24%. The Mean SCI & NI male incidence was 0.158 %. The Mean SCI and NI female incidence was 0.076 %. There were 2.8 days of hospitalization per every SCI and NI patient per year. Conclusion: Based on the study results, it seems advisable to have a National Spine and Spinal Cord Injury registry, in order that different parameters be correlated in a more effective way. The study highlights the need for a well-organized trauma and rehabilitation center which would be of great benefit for the health system of the country. Furthermore, this information can be useful in future health economic studies related to the SCI and NI.

Mast cells are unique tissue-resident immune cells of the myeloid lineage that have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune disorders. More recently, mast cells have been recognized as key orchestrators of anti-tumor immunity, modulators of the cancer stroma, and have also been implicated in cancer cell intrinsic properties. As such, mast cells are an underrecognized but very promising target for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the role of mast cells in shaping cancer and its microenvironment, the interaction between mast cells and cancer therapies, and strategies to target mast cells to improve cancer outcomes. Specifically, we address (1) decreasing cell numbers through c-KIT inhibition, (2) modulating mast cell activation and phenotype (through mast cell stabilizers, FcεR1 signaling pathway activators/inhibitors, antibodies targeting inhibitory receptors and ligands, toll like receptor agonists), and (3) altering secreted mast cell mediators and their downstream effects. Finally, we discuss the importance of translational research using patient samples to advance the field of mast cell targeting to optimally improve patient outcomes. As we aim to expand the successes of existing cancer immunotherapies, focused clinical and translational studies targeting mast cells in different cancer contexts are now warranted.

We propose three interlinked ways that theory helps researchers build causal claims from ethnographic research. First, theory guides the casing and re-casing of a topic of study. Second, theoretical work helps craft a clear causal question via the construction of a contrast space of the topic of investigation. Third, the researcher uses theory to identify social mechanisms that condense causal accounts. We show how each step can accommodate the everyday meanings typically central to ethnographic research's contributions. This tripartite role for theory thus preserves ethnography's traditionally recognized strength in interpretive validity, while realizing ethnography's potential for offering causal, and partly generalizable, accounts that can engage the wider sociological discipline. The discussion brings ethnographic research into conversation with recent debates on the role of mechanisms, comparative and counterfactual thinking in causal accounts. We illustrate and defend our argument for theory in ethnography with an extensive analysis of a contemporary ethnographic monograph along with briefer attention to parallel uses of theory in two other ethnographic studies.

This article aims to demonstrate the specificity of neurosurgery development as a separate specialty in different countries (USA,Canada,UK,USSR,FranceandGermany) based on a system approach. Three main factors are crucial for the emergence of a clinical specialty (in our situation - neurosurgery) — social-historical, scientific and institutional. Each factor has several components.Social-historical factor includes wars and societal development level. Scientific factor is represented by achievements in science that gave rise to modern surgery. At the same time neurosurgery was an experimental polygon for testing physiological concepts, determining the role of specific brain structures in normal and pathological conditions. The scientific factor has the following components: development of special diagnostic methods, surgical instruments and new operative accesses.Institutional factor implies the emergence of leaders with their own style of clinical and scientific activity, who set up surgery schools, staff training systems, specialized departments and institutes, professional societies and journals.Thus, the interwar period of 1920-1930 of the 20st century saw the makings of neurosurgery as a specialty with its own philosophy, methods, instruments and scientific interests.The theory of discipline-making factors, which developed on the basis of a system approach to genesis of neurosurgery, may help analyze the making and development of other medical disciplines both in the global and national context.

Les sociologues états-uniens ont développé une « sociologie culturelle » qui dépasse leur ancienne ambivalence au sujet de l’étude empirique de la culture. La nouvelle sociologie culturelle, associée à une approche pragmatique de l’action, peut contribuer à une forme de critique sociale différente de la démystification que poursuivent beaucoup de sociologues critiques états-uniens. Une « sociologie culturelle pratique » nous aide à identifier les schèmes dans la manière dont les citoyens résolvent leurs problèmes quotidiens, ouvrant ces schèmes à la réflexion critique. Des exemples empiriques tirés de recherches sur les associations civiques montrent comment cette sociologie pourrait aider les citoyens à identifier les écarts frustrants entre paroles et actes, et découvrir les relations de pouvoir qui entravent leurs efforts pour travailler ensemble.

Discusses the challenges that mankind face from disasters in the 21st century. Includes global warming; Ozone layer destruction; Industrial accidents; Future coping strategies; Impact of disasters to increasingly complex human society.

The article focuses on the book "The Reproduction of Mothering" of Nancy Chodorow that discusses the psychoanalytic sociology. Chodorow wanted to expand the psychoanalytic sociology in order to explain the social organization of gender and mothering. She argued that the reproduction of mothering happens through social structurally induced psychological processes. Moreover, the book has helped in the provision of theoretical and empirical underpinnings on the role of gender in moral development and intimacy. On the other hand, psychoanalytic sociology aids in understanding social life by examining the subjective experience of what sociology proper views objectively as social structure. Its benefits help in the maintenance of the tension between the social and historical forms.

Features several television programs dealing with murders, suicides and car crashes in Russia. Benefits of these programs to trauma doctors; Description of how these events are aired; Comment on the relevance of these programs to the public.